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Chapter 5
Consciousness
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| consciousness | a person's subjective experience of the world and the mind |
| phenomenology | how things seem to the conscious person |
| problem of other minds | the fundamental difficulty we have in perceiving the consciousness of others |
| mind/body problem | the issue of how the mind is related to the brain and body |
| cocktail party phenomenon | a phenomenon in which people tune in one message even while they filter our others nearby |
| minimal consciousness | a low-level kind of sensory awareness and responsiveness that occurs when the mind inputs sensations and may output behavior |
| full consciousness | consciousness in which you know and are able to report your mental state |
| self-consciousness | a distinct level of consciousness in which the person's attention is drawn to the self as an object |
| mental control | the attempt to change conscious states of mind |
| thought suppression | the conscious avoidance of a thought |
| rebound effect of thought suppression | the tendency of a thought to return to consciousness with greater frequency following suppression |
| ironic processes of mental control | mental processes that can produce ironic errors because monitoring for errors can itself produce them |
| dynamic unconscious | an active system encompassing a lifetime of hidden memories, the person's deepest instincts and desires, and the person's inner struggle to control these forces |
| repression | a mental process that removes unacceptable thoughts and memories from consciousness |
| cognitive unconscious | the mental processes that give rise to the person's thoughts, choices, emotions, and behavior even though they are not experienced by the person |
| subliminal perception | a thought or behavior that is influenced by stimuli that a person cannot consciously report perceiving |
| altered states of consciousness | forms of experience that depart from the normal subjective experience of the world and the mind |
| circadian rhythm | a naturally occurring 24-hour cycle of sleeping and waking |
| REM sleep | a stage of sleep characterized by rapid eye movements and a high level of brain activity |
| insomnia | difficulty in falling asleep or staying asleep |
| sleep apnea | a disorder in which the person stops breathing for brief periods while asleep |
| somnambulism (sleepwalking) | occurs when the person arises and walks around while asleep |
| narcolepsy | a disorder in which sudden sleep attacks occur in the middle of waking activities |
| sleep paralysis | the experience of waking up unable to move |
| night terrors (sleep terrors) | abrupt awakenings with panic and intense emotional arousal |
| activation-synthesis model | the theory that dreams are produced when the brain attempts to make sense of activations that occur randomly during sleep |
| psychoactive drug | a chemical that influences consciousness or behavior by alternating the brain's chemical message system |
| drug tolerance | the tendency for larger doses of a drug to be required over time to achieve the same effect |
| depressants | substances that reduce the activity of the central nervous system |
| expectancy theory | the idea that alcohol effects can be produced by people's expectations of how alcohol will influence them in particular situations |
| alcohol myopia | a condition that results when alcohol hampers attention, leading people to respond in simple ways to complex situations |
| stimulants | substances that excite the central nervous system, heightening arousal and activity levels |
| narcotics or opiates | highly addictive drugs derived from opium that relieve pain |
| hallucinogens | drugs that alter sensation and perception and often cause visual and auditory hallucinations |
| marijuana | the leaves and buds of the hemp plant |
| hypnosis | an altered state of consciousness characterized by suggestiblity and the feeling that one's actions are occurring involuntarily |
| hypnotic analgesia | the reduction of pain through hypnosis in people who are susceptible to hypnosis |
| meditation | the practice of intentional contemplation |
Created by:
honeymilk
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