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Matter
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| matter | anything that takes up space and has mass |
| substance | all particles in matter are identical (fixed composition) |
| mixture | two or more substances physically combined (variable composition) |
| element | simplest form of matter from which more complex substances are made (listed on the Periodic Table) |
| monatomic | Elements like Helium, Argon, and Neon that are stable as an individual atom |
| diatomic | Elements like Oxygen, Nitrogen and Hydrogen that are stable as two atoms of themselves bonded together (O2, N2, H2) |
| compound | two or more elements chemically combined in a fixed proportion |
| homogeneous | components are evenly distributed out on a microscopic level |
| heterogeneous | substances in the mixture are not evenly spread out |
| colloid | small particles remain dispersed (evenly) throughout mixture |
| suspension | larger particles that appear uniformly distributed but will settle out of the mixture over time or if not being mixed |
| physical properties | properties that can be observed directly or measured without changing the chemical identity of the substance |
| melting point | temperature at which a solid becomes a liquid |
| boiling point | temperature at which a liquid becomes a gas |
| viscosity | a fluid’s resistance to flow |
| solubility | a measure of how well a solute dissolves in a solvent |
| solute | what is being dissolved |
| solvent | what is doing the dissolving |
| density | measure of compactness or consistency of a material |
| density equation | d=m/v |
| chemical properties | properties that can only be observed or measured by changing the chemical identity of a substance |
| combustibility | how easily a substance will set on fire |
| reactivity | how easily a substance reacts, usually with an acid or base |
| oxidation | how easily a substance reacts with oxygen |
| Law of Conservation of Matter | matter is neither created or destroyed during a chemical change; it only changes forms |
| thermal energy | the sum of the kinetic and potential energy of particles in an object |
| temperature | measure of the average kinetic energy of particles in an object |
| solid | fixed volume and fixed shape |
| liquid | fixed volume but shape changes based on container it is in |
| gas | no fixed volume or shape |
| plasma | matter composed of positively and negatively charged particles with extremely high kinetic energy |
| heat of fusion | the amount of energy needed to turn a solid into a liquid at its melting point |
| heat of vaporization | the amount of energy needed to turn a liquid into a gas at its boiling point |
| vaporization | the phase/state transition from liquid to gas |
| evaporation | caused by pressure change, occurs only at the surface of a liquid |
| boiling | caused by a temperature change, occurs throughout the liquid |
| heating curve | a diagram that shows the state transitions a substance goes through as heat/energy is added to it |
| alloy | solution of metals dissolved in other metals |
| unsaturated solution | able to dissolve more solute at the given temperature |
| saturated solution | contains all of the solute it can hold at the given temperature |
| supersaturated solution | contains more solute than it can hold at the given temperature |
| solubility curve | shows the amount of solute a solvent can hold at different temperatures |
Created by:
lwebber5
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