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JMS TEST 1: Chp. 4
chapter 4's questions from study guide
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Government & Media – Structure vs Agency: Authoritarian Government | structure dominate, state-owned media; propaganda + government sanctioned ideas. structure limits the amount of agency that could be accomplished. |
| Government & Media – Structure vs Agency: Democratic | Democracies provide better protection for freedom to produce and circulate accurate news and information than countries where human rights are flouted. |
| State Regulation & Censorship in China [including assigned clips]: How China censors the internet | Gov maintains tight control of internet freedom/ censorship -Laws rules that ban content -Technology that blocks unwanted content and international sites -Armies of censorship workers -“Big brother is watching closely” |
| Living with China's social media censorship | -Business censor content (self-censorship) out of fear of gov -People don’t want any type of attention from the government -People living in fear of using sensitive words that anger the gov |
| Getting around censorship: China | - Emojis - Using different but not exactly accurate words to convey a message |
| Chinese media censors Hong Kong protest video | -Mainland China Gov blackout media coverage of protests over Hong Kong -Brainwashed citizens -Images are just powerful/dangerous as text -Ensure nothing threatens the party’s grip on power |
| Regulation v De-Regulation: Approaches/Perspective – Differences -- Political associations of each | Conservatives favor deregulation; Democrats favor regulation |
| 3 Periods of Regulation & De-Regulation: When (periods/contexts)? Why did each favor de/regulation? | 1. Pre-WWII – deregulation favored because of the history of America and freedom of speech 2.WWII-1980’s -regulation favored because of propoganda 3. 1980’s-Now- moving towards less regulation |
| 3 Periods of Regulation & De-Regulation: How – specific examples/developments? | Reagan Era |
| Public Good vs Public Interest | Regulation = public good = public interest. focused on the well being of citizenry as a whole. first seen in radio broadcasting. |
| FCC | Federal Communications Commission; regulatory piece of government for the media. est. 1934 and are the watch dogs for media content. |
| Print; Broadcast; Common Carriers | Print - Consolidation spurred by ads (not regulated) Broadcast - ABC, NBC, CBS (regulated) Common Carriers – Walt Disney, Comcast, Viacom, AT&T, FOX (Monopolies) (regulated |
| Regulating Ownership: Telecommunications Act | - Promoted competition and reduced regulation, included internet for the first time - Encouraged conglomeration/ monopolization |
| Regulating Ownership: Copyright - Fair Use | a doctrine in United States law that permits limited use of copyrighted material without having to first acquire permission from the copyright holder Legal: Education, Quotation commentary (citing) |
| Sampling | the exemption to copyright (using quotations, educational purposes, commentary), music sampling is not protected in fair use |
| Regulating Content: Diversity - Fairness Doctrine | -Must give equal time in a broadcast to both sides of an argument -Fairness of opinions/perspectives -Ended in 1987 |
| Advertising | regulation against fraudulent/deceptive advertising by different agencies |
| Obscenity | obscene materials (it is NOT the SAME as pornography and indecent material because this is legal) |
| Self Regulation: Production Code | A code to regulate the content in film that was in place from 1934-1968 that set limits on moral standards |
| PCA Production Code Administration | Enforced the production code |
| How does the Production Code Administration Work | It censors content by setting up specific guidelines on things such as sex and violence that film makers have to follow if they want their film shown in theaters owned by the PCA |
| PCA: What is censored (specific content) (esp: Sex & Violence)? | Violent crime cannot be shown in detail, crime must be brought to justice in some way. Adultery should be shown as little as possible, sex perversion, miscegenation, and white slavery are forbidden, child birth is also forbidden. |
| PCA: Consequences | Film makers cannot revolve movies around certain topics because the showing of them is forbidden (ex. Movies surrounding child birth or sex workers) |
| MPAA Ratings System | Ratings system that uses a scale of ratings to determine the content in a film, put in place in 1968, modified in 1990 to introduce NC-17 |
| More about the MPAA Ratings System | Favors studios Don’t know who the raters are Can provide feedback, then resubmit Based on parents and individual choice Language/drugs/sex/violence Not actual policy: "protecting parents with children under 18" |
| MPAA: How does it compare to the production code? | Doesn’t say "This content is unacceptable" it gives the film a rating and leaves consumers to choose whether to watch it Guidelines and instruction on how to get your movie a lower rating |
| MPAA: Regulation of Sex and/versus violence – policies, content, & social consequences | The MPAA uses a rating system to determine what type of content would be ok for that age group to see They ask parents with kids below 18 questions if they would be ok with their kid watching a certain scenes |
| Fin- Syn Rules | sought to prevent the big three television networks (ABC, NBC, CBS) from monopolizing the broadcast landscape by preventing them from owning any of the programming that they aired in prime time. |
| Regulating Access: Net Neutrality | the principle that internet service providers should enable access to all content and applications regardless of the source, and without favoring or blocking particular products or websites. |
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zoeyvanolinda
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