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JMS TEST 1: Chp. 3
chapter 3's questions from study guide
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Industry: Structure | anything that structures your choices or options, limits, patterns |
| Industry: Agency | actions free, without constraints… freedom, choice, independent control |
| Programs | media content we watch, read, and listen to. (e.g., movies, original journalism, music recordings) |
| Platforms | sites/services that users can access and communicate through (e.g., Instagram) |
| Pipes | invisible infrastructure which own and control distribution. (e.g., Internet) |
| Concentration | a media industry that is owned/operated by small number of large corporations |
| Conglomeration | a corporate parent owning many smaller companies |
| Hollywood Studio System - 5 "Majors" | WB (Warner Brothers), Paramount, ARKO, MGM, 20th Century Fox - dominated production and owned theatres |
| Vertical Integration | The process by which one owner acquires all aspects of production and distribution of a single type of media product (e.g., a company owning production studio (WDS), talent agencies, platforms (Disney +), parks (Disney World) |
| Horizontal Integration | The process by which one company buys different kind of media concentrating ownership across several types of media rather than up and down through one industry (e.g., conglomerate might assemble a portfolio, across film, tv, books, record labels) |
| Disney – how does it represent these ownership structures/patterns | Disney is vert int. in ways to produce and distribute film and television media through, Walt Disney Pictures, etc. Disney is hor int. in the way that the company now has bought and has ownership of companies such as Marvel Studios, Pixar, etc.) |
| Mickey Mouse Monopoly: Consequences of Concentration | The consequence of big companies like Disney taking over the media is the image they put out. Since Disney owns everything, they can put their own agenda out into the media, and you can’t escape it. |
| Conglomeration | Disney is a primetime example of being a multi-media conglomerate as its ownership spreads across many companies such as ESPN, FX, and Hulu. |
| Mickey Mouse Monopoly: Content & Social Consequences | Synergy- Different pieces of media working together to promote the same or similar ideas/ the interests of a particular group or company. Homogeneity- Lack of diversity in media. EX: Disney owning marvel = an abundance of hero movies in media now |
| Mickey mouse Monopoly: Race, Gender, and Consumerism consequences | Homogeneity becomes harmful to the perception of society, especially children, as their consumption of certain standards and ideals increases-- e.g. Stereotypes in Disney Film |
| Synergy | elements work together- create, promote content across all forms (e.g., iron man toy, iron man movie, iron man book) |
| Homogenization | all the content produced in an industry is about the same subject and does not change because there is little to no competition |
| Profit-Motives, Advertising, Product Placement, and Branded Entertainment | “to lure and expose” - Advertising causes news to be less objective and more likable/entertaining |
| Political Office & Influence – Berlusconi | owning a source of media allows the leaders of big businesses to achieve political power because they could spread information that is only positive towards them - 3-time Italian Prime Minister who owns TV, Radio, and Publishing = increase coverage |
| Sinclair Broadcasting Group | largest owner of local TV stations; produce conservative content; have must run shows that must be aired by all stations; gives immense amount of power to them in the social world |
| Concentration & Conglomeration in news: Print & TV | News industry (example news tv are now a substantial profit) (News programs competition 24/7 from cable new channels like Fox, CNN… + online news. Print journalism (affected for conglomeration) -ads - subscribers |
| Profit-Motives & Advertising impact news: Print & TV | now attracts & entertain consumers (clickbait), rather than informing Print clickbaits |
| British and US papers, 19th Century | Smaller papers that were radical did not survive in England because ads were not supporting because audience is not as valuable anymore Objectivity is a construct (US was explicitly partisan). LOOK IN TEXTBOOK |
| Murdoch (1990s) | OWNER OF FOX - only shows pro conservative content; allows him to promote candidates that support his political agenda |
| Profit Motives & Advertising impact news - print & tv: Consequences | produces a homogenized message; stops different views from being seen by certain people LOOK IN POWERPOINT last slide. |
| Ownership Patterns Changing | Companies begin merging (Media + Tech Merging), economy crashed then they began to break apart, but now they're starting to merge again but different companies. |
| NBC and GE Electric Merger | Led to conflict of the meaning of news and advertisements |
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