Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
ITP 1
Overview
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| to be objective in describing humans | pyschology |
| scientific study of behavior (overt) and mental processes (covert) | psychology |
| overt-observable; such as the way we talk, reactions, mannerisms, eye contact, body language | behavior |
| the emphasis is on the individual person and how the person's mental processes and behavior are affected by internal, relational and social factors | psychology |
| covert-inside; such as thoughts, remembering, memories, problem solving | mental processes |
| aimed at uncovering the mysteries of human behavior | Goals of Psychology |
| Description, explanation, prediction and control | Goals of Psychology |
| What is happening? | description |
| observing a behavior and noting everything about it | description |
| what is happening, where it happens, to whom it happens and under what circumstances it seems to happen | description |
| why is it happening? | explanation |
| very important step in the process of forming theories of behavior | explanation |
| a general explanation of a set of observations or facts | explanation |
| when it will happen again? | prediction |
| determining what will happen in the future | prediction |
| how can it be changed? | control |
| modification of some behavior such as changing behavior from an undesirable one to a desirable one | control |
| psychology is a relatively new field in the realm of science, approximately how many years old? | 135 years old |
| the first ones who tried to understand end explain the human mind | Plato, aristotle, descartes, medical doctors, and physiologists |
| Psychology has rooted in several disciplines and has developed through several perspectives, what are these disciplines? | medicine, philosophy, physiology |
| notable figures in the development of Psychology | Gustav Fechner and Hermann von Helmholtz |
| considered as Father of Psychology due to his breakthroughs in the phenomena of human behavior | Wilhelm Wundt |
| where was Wundt's breakthroughs started? | Leipzig, Germany |
| a physiologist who attempted to bring objectivity and measurement to psychology | Wilhelm Wundt |
| process of objectively examining and measuring one's own thoughts and mental activities | Objective introspection |
| considered as the 1st attempt by anyone to bring objectivity and measurement to the concept of psychology | objective introspection |
| emphasized the study of the structure of the mind | Structuralism |
| believed that every experience could be broken down into individual emotions and sensations | Edward Titchener |
| inspired by Wundt's introspection | Structuralism |
| a dominant force in the early days of psychology but died in the 1990s | structuralism |
| applied introspection to thoughts as well as physical sensations | Edward Titchener |
| importance of consciousness in everyday life rather than its analysis | Functionalisms |
| coined the term functionalism | William James |
| influenced by Darwin's ideas of natural selection; focused on how the mind allows people to function in the real world | Functionalism |
| interested in how behavioral traits could aid in survival | Functionalism |
| how people work, play and adapt to their surroundings | functionalism |
| "The whole is greater than the sum of its parts" | Max Wertheimer |
| believed that psychological events such as perceiving and sensing could not be broken down into any smaller elements and still be properly understood | Max Wertheimer |
| believed that people naturally seek out patterns (wholes) in the sensory information available to them | Max Wertheimer |
| an organized whole/ configuration | gestalt |
| studying of whole patterns rather than small patterns of them | gestalt psychology |
| influential in psychological therapy and the basis of therapeutic technique called gestalt therapy | gestalt psychology |
| an austrian neurologist | Sigmund Freud |
| stressed the importance of early childhood experiences | Sigmund Freud |
| believed that personality was formed in the first 6 years of life | Sigmund Freud |
| followers of Psychoanalysis by Sigmund Freud | Alfred Adler, Carl Jung, Anna Freud |
| has been the basis of much modern psychotheraphy | psychoanalysis |
| a process in which a trained psychological professional helps a person gain insight into and changed his or her behavior | psychotherapy |
| reflex (an involuntary reaction) could be caused to occur in response to formerly unrelated stimulus | Ivan Pavlov |
| conditioning in dogs | Behaviorism |
| challenged the structuralist, functionalist as well as psychoanalytic viewpoints with his own "science of behavior" or behaviorism | John B. Watson |
| aware of Freud's works and his views on unconscious repressions | John B. Watson |
| What is phobia for Freud? | a symptom of underlying repressed conflict |
| What is phobia for Watson | are learned though conditioning |
| irrational fear | phobia |
| Little Albert | John B. Watson |
| Modern Perspectives of Psychology | Psychodynamic, Behavioral. Humanistic, Cognitive, Sociocultural, Biopsychological, Evolutionary |
| focuses on the role of the unconscious mind and its influence on conscious behavior, early childhood experiences, development of sense of self, and other motivations | Psychodynamic |
| based on John B. Watson and BF Skinner's works | Behavioral |
| focuses on how behavioral responses are learned through classical or operant conditioning | Behavioral |
| from Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers | Humanistic |
| focuses on how potential, free will and possibility of self actualization | Humanistic |
| focuses on the strength of human being | humanistic |
| based on Gestalt psychology | Cognitive |
| memory intelligence, perception, thought process, problem solving, language and learning | Cognitive |
| behavior of the individual as a result of the presence (real/imagined) of other individuals as part of groups or as part of larger culture | Sociocultural |
| influence of hormones, brain structures, and chemicals, disease | Biopsychological |
| human and animal behavior is seen as direct results of events in the body | Biopsychological |
| biological bases of universal mental characteristics | evolutionary |
| why we lie, how attractiveness affect how we view others, why we enjoy music and dance | evolutionary |
| licensed mental health professional that tests development, administration, interpretation to measure intelligence and personality | psychometrician |
| licensed mental health professional that counsels, psychotherapy, psychological interventions and psychological assessment | psychologist |
| licensed medical doctors that do diagnosis, treatment of medical disorders, may treat mental disorders primarily with the use of medications and psychotherapy | psychiatrist |
| why psychology is considered a science? | scientific method is a system for reducing bias in the measurement of data |
| 5 steps of scientific method | perceiving the question, forming of hypothesis, testing the hypothesis, drawing conclusions, report your results |
| descriptive methods | naturalistic observation, laboratory observation, case studies, survey |
| allows researchers to get a realistic behavior occurs because they are actually watching that behavior in its natural setting | naturalistic observation |
| *observer effect *observer bias | naturalistic observation |
| advantage- provides a degree of control to the observer | laboratory observation |
| disadvantage- artificial behavior , both animals and people react differently in the lab than they would in the real world | laboratory observation |
| individual is studied in great detail | case studies |
| researchers try to learn everything they can about the individual | case studies |
| advantage-tremendous amount of detail it provides | case studies |
| researchers cant really apply the results to other people | case studies |
| researchers will ask a series of questions about the topic they are studying | surveys |
| conducted in the form of interviews or on the telephone, internet or with a questionnaire | surveys |
| advantage- ability to gather a tremendous amount of data on a very large group | surveys |
| disadvantage- people are not always going to give researchers accurate answers | surveys |
Created by:
therexe
Popular Psychology sets