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ITP 1

Overview

QuestionAnswer
to be objective in describing humans pyschology
scientific study of behavior (overt) and mental processes (covert) psychology
overt-observable; such as the way we talk, reactions, mannerisms, eye contact, body language behavior
the emphasis is on the individual person and how the person's mental processes and behavior are affected by internal, relational and social factors psychology
covert-inside; such as thoughts, remembering, memories, problem solving mental processes
aimed at uncovering the mysteries of human behavior Goals of Psychology
Description, explanation, prediction and control Goals of Psychology
What is happening? description
observing a behavior and noting everything about it description
what is happening, where it happens, to whom it happens and under what circumstances it seems to happen description
why is it happening? explanation
very important step in the process of forming theories of behavior explanation
a general explanation of a set of observations or facts explanation
when it will happen again? prediction
determining what will happen in the future prediction
how can it be changed? control
modification of some behavior such as changing behavior from an undesirable one to a desirable one control
psychology is a relatively new field in the realm of science, approximately how many years old? 135 years old
the first ones who tried to understand end explain the human mind Plato, aristotle, descartes, medical doctors, and physiologists
Psychology has rooted in several disciplines and has developed through several perspectives, what are these disciplines? medicine, philosophy, physiology
notable figures in the development of Psychology Gustav Fechner and Hermann von Helmholtz
considered as Father of Psychology due to his breakthroughs in the phenomena of human behavior Wilhelm Wundt
where was Wundt's breakthroughs started? Leipzig, Germany
a physiologist who attempted to bring objectivity and measurement to psychology Wilhelm Wundt
process of objectively examining and measuring one's own thoughts and mental activities Objective introspection
considered as the 1st attempt by anyone to bring objectivity and measurement to the concept of psychology objective introspection
emphasized the study of the structure of the mind Structuralism
believed that every experience could be broken down into individual emotions and sensations Edward Titchener
inspired by Wundt's introspection Structuralism
a dominant force in the early days of psychology but died in the 1990s structuralism
applied introspection to thoughts as well as physical sensations Edward Titchener
importance of consciousness in everyday life rather than its analysis Functionalisms
coined the term functionalism William James
influenced by Darwin's ideas of natural selection; focused on how the mind allows people to function in the real world Functionalism
interested in how behavioral traits could aid in survival Functionalism
how people work, play and adapt to their surroundings functionalism
"The whole is greater than the sum of its parts" Max Wertheimer
believed that psychological events such as perceiving and sensing could not be broken down into any smaller elements and still be properly understood Max Wertheimer
believed that people naturally seek out patterns (wholes) in the sensory information available to them Max Wertheimer
an organized whole/ configuration gestalt
studying of whole patterns rather than small patterns of them gestalt psychology
influential in psychological therapy and the basis of therapeutic technique called gestalt therapy gestalt psychology
an austrian neurologist Sigmund Freud
stressed the importance of early childhood experiences Sigmund Freud
believed that personality was formed in the first 6 years of life Sigmund Freud
followers of Psychoanalysis by Sigmund Freud Alfred Adler, Carl Jung, Anna Freud
has been the basis of much modern psychotheraphy psychoanalysis
a process in which a trained psychological professional helps a person gain insight into and changed his or her behavior psychotherapy
reflex (an involuntary reaction) could be caused to occur in response to formerly unrelated stimulus Ivan Pavlov
conditioning in dogs Behaviorism
challenged the structuralist, functionalist as well as psychoanalytic viewpoints with his own "science of behavior" or behaviorism John B. Watson
aware of Freud's works and his views on unconscious repressions John B. Watson
What is phobia for Freud? a symptom of underlying repressed conflict
What is phobia for Watson are learned though conditioning
irrational fear phobia
Little Albert John B. Watson
Modern Perspectives of Psychology Psychodynamic, Behavioral. Humanistic, Cognitive, Sociocultural, Biopsychological, Evolutionary
focuses on the role of the unconscious mind and its influence on conscious behavior, early childhood experiences, development of sense of self, and other motivations Psychodynamic
based on John B. Watson and BF Skinner's works Behavioral
focuses on how behavioral responses are learned through classical or operant conditioning Behavioral
from Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers Humanistic
focuses on how potential, free will and possibility of self actualization Humanistic
focuses on the strength of human being humanistic
based on Gestalt psychology Cognitive
memory intelligence, perception, thought process, problem solving, language and learning Cognitive
behavior of the individual as a result of the presence (real/imagined) of other individuals as part of groups or as part of larger culture Sociocultural
influence of hormones, brain structures, and chemicals, disease Biopsychological
human and animal behavior is seen as direct results of events in the body Biopsychological
biological bases of universal mental characteristics evolutionary
why we lie, how attractiveness affect how we view others, why we enjoy music and dance evolutionary
licensed mental health professional that tests development, administration, interpretation to measure intelligence and personality psychometrician
licensed mental health professional that counsels, psychotherapy, psychological interventions and psychological assessment psychologist
licensed medical doctors that do diagnosis, treatment of medical disorders, may treat mental disorders primarily with the use of medications and psychotherapy psychiatrist
why psychology is considered a science? scientific method is a system for reducing bias in the measurement of data
5 steps of scientific method perceiving the question, forming of hypothesis, testing the hypothesis, drawing conclusions, report your results
descriptive methods naturalistic observation, laboratory observation, case studies, survey
allows researchers to get a realistic behavior occurs because they are actually watching that behavior in its natural setting naturalistic observation
*observer effect *observer bias naturalistic observation
advantage- provides a degree of control to the observer laboratory observation
disadvantage- artificial behavior , both animals and people react differently in the lab than they would in the real world laboratory observation
individual is studied in great detail case studies
researchers try to learn everything they can about the individual case studies
advantage-tremendous amount of detail it provides case studies
researchers cant really apply the results to other people case studies
researchers will ask a series of questions about the topic they are studying surveys
conducted in the form of interviews or on the telephone, internet or with a questionnaire surveys
advantage- ability to gather a tremendous amount of data on a very large group surveys
disadvantage- people are not always going to give researchers accurate answers surveys
Created by: therexe
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