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Midterm 2

Heterochromatin-Cancer

QuestionAnswer
What is constitutive heterochromatin? transcriptionally inactive; bound by HP-1; associated with centromeres and telomeres
What is constitutive heterochromatin's methyl? H3K9
What is constitutive heterochromatin's writer? Clr4
What is constitutive heterochromatin's reader? HP1/Swi6
What is constitutive heterochromatin's RNA? small siRNA
What is constitutive heterochromatin's variant? H3cen at the centromere
What is facultative heterochromatin's methyl? H3K27
What is facultative heterochromatin's writer? PRC2
What is facultative heterochromatin's reader? PRC1
What is facultative heterochromatin's RNA? short ncRNA
What is X-inactivation heterochromatin's methyl? H3K27
What is X-inactivation heterochromatin's writer? PRC2
What is X-inactivation heterochromatin's reader? PRC1
What is X-inactivation heterochromatin's RNA? Xist
What is X-inactivation heterochromatin's variant? macroH2A
What is establishment of methyl mark? new placement of a mark where none has existed
What is maintenance of methyl mark? spreading or stability of a mark through cell division
Where does constitutive (HP1-dependent) heterochromatin occur? telomere or centromere
Where does facultative (polycomb or x-inact) heterochromatin occur? pericentromeric region
Draw the types of chromatin around the centromere and label haha, bum.
Why is DNA methylation potentially dangerous? 5mc is like thymine and can get deaminated, becoming thymine. this doesn't get recognized as the "wrong" residue, resulting in mutation
What is passive demethylation? the loss of DNA methylation after successive rounds of replication due to the absence of functioning DNA methylation maintenance machinery
Why do CpG islands exist? they're a methylation region that tends to cluster around genes that need to be regulated via silencing. crucial for gene expression; UNMETHYLATED
What keeps CenpA localized? HJURP
What does H2AZ do? it is involved in gene expression and creates a barrier to heterochromatin (chromosome segregation); its nucleosomes disassemble more easily
What does CenpA do? required for kinetochore assembly, but not independent; its flexibility allows CenpA chromatin to orient itself toward one face of the chromosome and make contact with the spindle
What portion of the centromere does Swi6 bind? pericentromeric heterochromatin
What is the function of pericentromeric heterochromatin? provides structural rigidity and cohesion, promotes kinetochore orientation; H3K9me
What is the function of intervening CEN chromatin? normal H3; provides further structure, helps orient CenpA toward kinetochore
What is the function of active chromatin? H3K4 methylation, hyper acetylated at H3 and H4; consistent with gene activation
Created by: javaughnr
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