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Rhet. Terms/Strat.
Rhetorical Terms and Strategies PT2
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Diction | the choice of words in a work of literature and an element of style important to the work's effectiveness |
| Doublespeak | language used to distort and manipulate rather than to communicate language used to distort and manipulate rather than to communicate |
| Downplaying/Intensifying | methods of drawing attention and diversion to the work's effectiveness |
| Ellipsis | the omission of a word or words for complete construction, but understood in the context. |
| Emotional Appeal (Pathos) | the exploitation of an audience's feelings of pity or fear to make a case. |
| Ethical Appeal (Ethos) | an appeal to the audience to respect the authority and credibility of the speaker |
| Ethnocentricity | the belief in the inherent superiority of one's own group and culture |
| Euphemism | a mild or indirect word or expression substituted for one considered to be too harsh or blunt when referring to something unpleasant or embarrassing. (private parts or passed away) |
| Exigence | an issue, problem, or situation that causes or prompts someone to write or speak |
| Exposition | writing that seeks to clarify, explain, or inform using one or several of the following methods: process analysis, definition, classification and division, comparison and contrast, and cause and effect analysis. |
| Figurative Language | Use of words outside their literal or usual meanings |
| Hyperbole | exaggerated statements or claims not meant to be taken literally. |
| Imagery | conveys sensory experience, most often through pictorial images through figurative language |
| Idiom | an expression that cannot be translated literally |
| Irony | the use of words to convey a meaning that is the opposite of its literal meaning |
| Jargon | special words or expressions that are used by a particular profession or group and are difficult for others to understand. |
| Juxtapose | to place 2 ideas side by side |
| Lending Credence | In arguing her point, a writer or speaker should always give the opponent some credit for his / her ideas. |
| Litotes | A form of understatement that involves making an affirmative point by denying its opposite. (Ex. "She was not unmindful" or "Not least" |
| Logical Fallacies | methods of pseudo-reasoning that may occur accidentally or may be intentionally contrived to lend plausibility to an unsound argument. (Ex. begging the question, false analogy, non sequitur, slippery slope, red herring, and more) |
| Logical Reasoning (Logos) | the idea that there are principles governing correct or reliable inferences. (Ex. facts, reasons, and expert opinion) |
| Loose Sentence | A sentence grammatically complete at some point (or points) before the end; opposite of a periodic sentence. Consists of an independent clause followed by a dependent clause. |
| Lyrical Drama | a term used for a dramatic poem in which the form of drama is used to express lyric themes (author's own emotions or ideas of life) instead of relying on a story as the bases of the action. |
| Metaphor | A comparison without using like or as |
| Metonymy | substituting the name of one object for another object closely associated with it. (Ex. referring to the king as "the crown") |
| Mood | overall atmosphere of a work |
| Motif | in literature, recurrent images, words, objects, phrases, or actions that tend to unify the work |
| Narration | narration is the story of events and/or experiences that tell what happened |
| Onomatopoeia | The use of words that by their sound suggest their meaning. Examples include hiss, buzz, sizzle, whir, etc. Poets use is more subtle, here's an example "The moan of doves in immemorial elms, And the murmuring of innumerable bees" |
| Oxymoron | A self contradictory combination of words or smaller verbal units. Examples are jumbo shrimp, pretty ugly, military intelligence etc. |
| Paradox | A phrase or statement that while seemingly is contradictory or absurd may actually be well-founded or true. Paradox is a rhetorical device used to secure attention attention and secure emphasis. |
| Parallelism | the arrangement of parts of a sentence, sentences, paragraphs, and larger units of composition that one element of equal importance with another is similarly developed and phrased. |
| Periodic Sentence | A sentence that is not grammatically correct before its end; the opposite of a loose sentence. Characteristics of this are that its construction is such as to constantly throw the mind foreword to the idea that will complete the meaning. |
| Personification | Attribution of a lifelike quality to an inanimate object or an idea. Ex, "The poor desk hurt himself" |
| Point of View | Describe way in which the reader is presented with the materials of the story. So which vantage point the author presents the story from. Ex, 1st, 2nd, 3rd person |
| Polysyndeton | The repetition of conjunctions in close succession for rhetorical effect. Ex "Here AND there AND everywhere" |
| Process Analysis | a method of clarifying the nature of something by explaining how it works in separate, easy-to-understand steps. |
| Rhetorical Question | A question asked solely to produce and effect and not to elicit a reply. Ex, "When will genetic engineering fulfill its promise?" |
| Rhetorical Strategies | Have 2 meanings, if the prompt directs the students to mention rhetorical strategies AND literary devices AND imagery in analyzing a piece, then the term rhetorical strategies means compare/contrast, process analysis, etc. |
| Satire | Technique that ridicules both people and societal institutions using iron wit and exaggeration |
| Simile | Comparison using like or as |
| Simple Sentence | Complete sentence that is neither compound nor complex |
Created by:
MeganS.
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