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AP Psych Unit 1

TermDefinition
Wilhelm Wundt Establishes 1st psych lab
Edward Tichner Introduced structuralism
Charles Darwin Father of natural selection and biological psychology
William James Introduced functionalism
Mary Wilton Calkins 1st female president of the APA
B.F Skinner & John Watson Behaviorists
Sigmund Freud Father of psychoanalysis
Abraham Maslow & Carol Rogers Humanists
Behavioral Psychology How we learn observable responses
Biological Psychology How the brain and body enable emotions, memories, and sensory experiences
Cognitive Psychology How we encode, process, store, and retrieve info
Evolutionary Psychology How natural selection of traits has promoted the survival of genes
Humanistic Psychology How we achieve personal growth and self-fulfillment
Psychodynamic Psychology How behavior comes from unconscious drives and conflicts
Social-Cultural Psychology How behavior and thinking varies by society/culture
Developmental Psychology Studies physical, cognitive, and social changes throughout life span
Educational Psychology The study of how psychological processes affect and can enhance teaching and learning
Personality Psychology The study of individuals' characteristic patterns of thinking, feeling, and acting
Social Psychology The study of how we think about, influence, and relate to one another
Industrial-Organizational Psychology The application of psychological concepts and methods to optimize human behavior in workplaces
Human Factors Psychology Explores how people and machines interact
Counseling Psychology Assists people with problems in living and in achieving greater well-being
Clinical Psychology Studies, assesses, and treats people with psychological disorders
Psychiatry A branch of medicine dealing with psychological disorders
Community Psychology Studies how people interact with their social environments and how social institutions affect individuals and groups
Structuralism Identifying the elements of thought & mind
Introspection Looking inward to directly observe your psychological processes
Functionalism Structures of consciousness must serve a function
Case Study One individual or group is studied in depth over a period of time
Naturalistic Observation Observing & recording behavior in naturally occurring situations without manipulating the situation
Hindsight Bias Tendency to believe after learning an outcome that one would have foreseen it
Placebo Effect The mind can trick us into seeing what we want to see
Regression Towards the Mean One extreme or unusual score offsets the other data
Descriptive Statistics Used to measure & describe characteristics of groups
Histogram Bar graph
Inferential Statistics Generalize from sample data the probability of something being true of a population
Mean Average
Median Middle number
Mode The number that occurs most often
Self-Actualization The realization or fulfillment of one's talents and potentialities
Dorothea Dix Created the first generation of American mental asylums
Informed Consent A patient must have sufficient information and understanding
Correlation A mutual relationship or connection between two or more things
Scatter Plot Displays values for typically two variables for a set of data
Confounding Variable A factor other than the one being studied that is associated both with the dependent variable and with the independent variable
Validity A concept is true
Double-Blind Study One in which neither the participants nor the experimenters know who is receiving a particular treatment
Positive/Negative Skew When data favors positively or negatively
Reliability When a result can be trusted to be accurate
Created by: nataliastornello
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