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PTAS 203 Exam 2
Study Guide PTAS 203 Exam 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Superficial burn | Cell trauma and injury to the outer dermis without injury to the dermal tissue |
| Superficial partial thickness burn | Damage to the epidermis into the papillary layer of the dermis; very painful |
| Deep partial thickness burn | Destruction of the epidermis and severe damage of the dermal layer into the reticular layer; grafting usually not needed - not as painful |
| Full thickness burn | All layers of the epidermis and dermis are destroyed - fat layer might be destroyed; grafting required |
| Subdermal burn | Destruction of all tissue from epidermis down to and including bone tissue; usually from electrical burn |
| Burn complications | Infections, inhalation injuries, electrolyte imbalance, cardiac dysfunction, hetertopic bone formation, neuropathy, psychological distress |
| Autograft | patient's own skin |
| Allograft | skin from same species |
| Xeno or heterograft | skin from another species |
| Psoriasis | Chronic, inherited recurrent inflammaory dermatosis where skin is replaced at abnormally fast rate |
| Herpes Zoster | "Shingles" caused by reactivation of the chicken pox virus |
| Cellulitis | Infection (staph, strep) that caused inflammation of the dermis and subcutaneous tissues |
| Urticaria | "Hives" - histamine release with local inflammation, vasodilation and edema |
| Basal cell CA | Slow growing skin cancer; not fatal |
| Malignant melanoma | Serious form of skin cancer |
| Osteoarthritis | Degenerative joint disease - progressive destruction of joint cartilage and formation of bone at the joint margins |
| Gout | Familial disorder of purine metabolism resulting in abnormal amounts of urates in the blood |
| Hyperuricemia | Excessive accumulation of uric acid in the blood |
| Tophus | nodular deposit of sodium acid urate crystals |
| Spondyloysis | Bony defect(fracture)of the pars interarticularis of the posterior elements of the spine |
| Spondylolisthesis | Forward displacement of the 4th or 5th lumbar vertebrae and spinal column on vertebrae or sacrum |
| Anklyosing spondylitis | Ossification of the ligaments of the spine (like RA) |
| Spinal stenosis | Narrowing of the spinal canal |
| Spondylosis | Degenerative joint disease of the spine |
| Osteoporosis | Disorder of bone metabolism in which bone mass is decreased |
| Scoliosis | Abnormal lateral curvature of the spine |
| Scoliosis curves less than 25' | Conservative treatment |
| Scoliosis curves 25 to 45' | CTLSO for curve apex T8 above; TLSO for curve apex lower than T 9 |
| Scoliosis curves 45' | Surgery (Harrington rods; Dwyer procedure) |
| Strain | Overuse, overstretching of muscle or tendon(1 less severe, 3 possible tearing) |
| Sprain | Acute partial tear of ligament (1 less severe, 3 complete tear) |
| Fibromyalgia | Chronic muscle pain and soft tissues diagnosed by revealing 11 out of 18 tender points |
| Polymyositis | Painful, progressive disease that causes inflammation of muscles (usually of shoulder and pelvis) that may disappear |
| Lyme Disease | Infection disease caused by a tick bite |
| Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis | Form of RA that affects children |
| Osteomyletis | Infection of the bone and bone marrow usually caused by a staph infection |
| Paget's Disease | Chronic disease of normal bone maintenance where new bone is produced faster than old bone is broken down |
| Osteomalacia | Loss of bone mineralization usually caused by Vit D deficiency |
| Rickets | Loss of bone mineralization usually caused by Vit D deficiency in children |
| Herniated intervertebral disk | Nucleus polposis leakd through the walls of the disk and may press on the spinal cord |
| Plantar fasciitis | Heel spur syndrome; inflammatory response of calcaneus |
| Open or compound fracture | Break over the skin at the site of the fracture |
| Closed fracture | Ucomplicated fracture with intact skin over the fracture site |
| Complete fracture | Fracture line extends through the entire bone; periosteum is displaced on both sides |
| Incomplete fracture | Fracture line extends part way through the bone; Willow, green-stick or hickory-stick |
| Impacted fracture | One bone fragment is forcibly driven into another |
| Displaced fracture | Bone fractures are separated at the fracture line |
| Colles fracture | Distal radial fracture |
| Potts fracture | Distal fibula fracture |
| Stress fracture | Fracture that occurs in bones subject to stress |
| Pathological fracture | Fracture in diseased bones |
| Ecchymosis | Internal brusing |
| Stages of fracture healing | Hematoma, granulation, callus, ossification, consolidation & remodeling |
| Bone union if no surgical intervention | 4-6 weeks in children, 6-8 weeks in adolescents, 10-18 weeks in adults |
| Arthroplasty | Surgical formation of a joint |
| Hemiarthroplasty | Half joint replacement |
| Synovectomy | Removal of joint synovia |
| Athrodesis | Surgical ankylosis or joint fusion |
| Osteotomy | Bone alignment by removing a wedge of bone |
| Autogenous bone graft | Bone from patient |
| Homogenous bone graft | Bone from another person |
| Hetergenous bone graft | Bone from another animal (or synthetic material) |
| Iliazarov | Procedure to lengthen bone |
| Kyphoplasty | Realignment of vertebra using glue |
| Chronic Renal Failure | Loss of kidney function (80-90%) resulting in patient's requiring dialysis or kidney transplant |
| Stress incontinence | Urinary leakage during physical activity. Kegel exercise helps to alleviate symptoms |
| Osteopenia | Precursor to osteoporosis where there is lessening of bone density |
| Patella femoral syndrome | Aanterior knee pain form irritation of undersurface of patella due to improper patella tracking |
| Graves Disease | Primary hyperthyroidism where patients may exhibit tacycardia, insomnia due to increased metabolism |
| COPD | Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; refers to a category of respiratory diseases. |
| Hypoxia | Low oxygen level |
| Bronchial asthma | Inflammatoryn condition with secondary bronchospasm with attacks of dypnea and wheezing |
| Cyanosis | Lack of oxygen noted by decreased circulation of fingers and lips |
| Chronic bronchitis | Productive cough lasting for at least 3 months over a 2 year period |
| Emphysema | Pathological accumulation of air in tissues especially lungs with destruction of alveoli |
| Cystic fibrosis | Genetic often fatal disease of the exocrine glands that may include respiratory, hepatic, digestive and male reproductive system (s) |
| Cor pulmonale | Pulmonary heart disease where there is enlargement of the R ventricle but inefficient use of the heart |
| Restrictive lung disease | Structural changes in the thorax that cause in imbalance in pulmonary function ; there is no damage to lung function |
| Pneumonia | Acute inflammation of lung tissue |
| Pulmonary TB | Bacterial lung infection characterized by progressive necrosis of lung tissue |
Created by:
woblevalenski
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