Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Psych History
History & Research Methods of Psychology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Psychoanalysis | Unconscious experiences, urges, and desires motivate human behavior. |
| Free association | Sigmund Freuds idea. Allowing people to speak as things came to their mind and then analyzing it. Revealed the unconscious mind. |
| Sigmund Freud | Father of Psychoanalysis |
| Behavioral | Behavior was the result of learning. Observable behavior. The mind is like a black box |
| Ivan Pavlov | Dog meat fork guy - behavioral |
| Dog experiment | Condition dogs to salivate at bell through conditioning. |
| John B. Watson | Argued that behavioral psychology is only scientific |
| B.F Skinner | Introduced reinforcement |
| Humanistic | Human ability's to grow and change. Humans are not controlled by environment or subconscious. Mental thought process is why we do what we do. |
| Abraham Maslow | Humanistic dude |
| Cognitive | Focus on how we process, store, retrieve, and uses information, and how this influences our thinking, language and problem solving |
| Cognitivists | Jean Piaget, Noam Chomsky, and Leon Festinger |
| Biological | Focus on the biological aspect of psychology (brain chemicals, hormones, nervous system) |
| Evolutionary psychology | Within the biological view is the theory of evolutionary psychology. This theory arises from the ideas of Charles Darwin. - Survival of the fittest. |
| Sociocultural | Newest approach Sociocultural psychologists study the attitudes, values, beliefs, and social norms of various racial and ethnic groups. |
| Scientific Method | Scientific way of gathering data and making conclusion |
| Psychology's Main Goal | Explain what we do and why we do it |
| Clever Hans | Smart horse |
| Hypothesis | A statement predicting the outcome of a scientific study or describing the relationship among variables in a study |
| All Hypothesis's much be | testable and feasible |
| operational definition | An operational definition is a specific description of the concepts involving the conditions of the scientific study. |
| Performing a controlled test | A hypothesis must undergo rigorous tests before it will be accepted as a legitimate theory. |
| Independent Variable | What you change |
| Gathering objective data | getting information by direct observation that relies only on the independent variable and not on the experimenter’s hopes. This data is called the dependent variable. |
| Dependent variable | The results |
| Analyzing the results | This step consists of looking at the data collected and seeing if it supports or disproves the hypothesis. |
| Publishing, criticizing and replicating the results | The last step of the scientific method is to have the results withstand the criticism and scrutiny of the science community. |
| Replicate | To do a study over to see if the same results are obtained. To control for bias, the replication is most often done by someone other than the original researcher. |
| Experimental Method | experiments |
| Placebo | Sometimes placebos will have a positive impact on the subject, an impact that can not be attributed to the placebo’s own properties. Therefore the positive impact is thought to be a byproduct of the subject’s belief in the treatment. |
| Confounding Variables | Variables that have unwanted influence on the outcome of an experiment. |
| Random Sample | A sample group of subjects selected by chance, or without biased selection techniques. |
| Random Selection | Each subject of the sample has an equal likelihood of being chosen for the experimental group. |
| Representative Sample | A sample obtained in such a way that it reflects the distribution of important variables in the larger population in which the researcher are interested-variables such as age, SES, ethnicity, education…. |
| Non-Experimental Designs | Sometimes we are unable to do experiments for ethical or practical reasons. In this case we must do another kind of research. |
| Ex post facto | Research in which we choose subjects based on a pre-existing condition. |
| Case Study | Case studies are in-depth investigations of a single person, group, event or community. |
| Correlation Studies | A correlation study is one where researchers try to show the relationship (or correlation) between two variables. |
| Surveys | A survey is a research method where questions are asked to subjects who report their own answers. |
| Naturalistic observations | are a method where subjects are observed in their natural environment. |
| Longitudinal Study | In a longitudinal study, one group or subject is studied for an extended period of time to observe changes in the long term. |
| Cross-sectional studies | Look at a cross section of the population and studies them at one point in time (random sample across age groups) |
| Personal Bias | When the researcher allows his or her personal beliefs to affect the outcome of the study. |
| Expectancy Bias | When the researcher allows his or her expectations to affect the outcome of the study. |
| Double Blind Study | An experiment where both subject and the person administering the experiment do not know the nature of the independent variable being administered. |
Created by:
RedFlyingThing
Popular Psychology sets