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Psychology Ch.1-3
Psychology terms, important people, and types of psychology
| question/answer | term/definition |
|---|---|
| What is Psychology? | the study of mind and behavior |
| Who developed the first theory and psychology? | Hippocrates |
| What was Hippocrates' theory? | the four humors |
| What is Charles Darwin known for? | Evolution, survival of the fittest, and darwinism |
| Charles Darwin's book? | Origin of Species |
| First Experiment | lag time between ball dropping |
| Who completed the experiment? | Wilhelm Wundt |
| Wilhelm Wundt's theory? | introspection "internal perception" |
| who created functionalism? | William James |
| William James accepted who's beliefs? | Charles Darwin |
| Who developed the psychoanalytic theory? | Sigmund Freud |
| what did freud study? | the unconscious |
| what percent of the brain is conscious and unconscious? | 10% conscious 90% unconscious |
| what began with three germans that escaped nazi germany? | Gestalt Principles |
| what does gestalt mean? | “WHOLE” AS THEY FOCUS ON THE WHOLE THING NOT PARTS |
| who developed behaviorism? | JOHN WATSON, IVAN PAXLOV AND EXPANDED UPON BY BF SKINNER |
| examples of behaviorism? | CLASSICAL CONDITIONING, OPERANT CONDITIONING,REWARD, & PUNISHMENTS |
| who developed humanism? | DEVELOPED IN THE 20TH CENTURY WITH ABRAHAM MASLOW & CARL ROGERS |
| what is cognitive? | brain and thinking |
| FIRST WOMAN TO GET A DOCTORAL DEGREE IN PSYCHOLOGY IN 1894? | MARGARET FLOY WASHBURN |
| DENIED PhD FROM HARVARD IN THE 1890’S BECAUSE SHE WAS FEMALE EVEN THOUGH SHE FINISHED ALL THE COURSE WORK | mary whitton cauckens |
| 1962- FIRST LATINA WOMEN TO DOCTORAL DEGREE IN PSYCHOLOGY | martha bernal |
| 1933- FIRST AFRICAN AMERICAN WOMEN TO A PhD PSYCHOLOGY | INEZ BEVERLY PROSSER |
| what percent of people will hurt people just because they are told to? | ⅔ OF PEOPLE WILL HURT PEOPLE JUST BC THEY ARE TOLD TO |
| multicultural? | STUDY OF DIFFERENT CULTURES IN THE COUNTRY |
| cross cultural? | STUDY OF DIFFERENT CULTURES IN DIFFERENT COUNTRIES |
| FRANCIS CECIL SUMNER | FIRST AFRICAN AMERICAN TO RECEIVE A PhD IN THE USA STARTED A PSYCHOLOGY PROGRAM AT HOWARD UNIVERSITY |
| STUDIES WERE USED IN BROWN V. BOARD OF EDUCATION? | MAMIE PHIPPS CLARK & KENNETH CLARK |
| CONTEMPORARY PSYCHOLOGY | DIVERSE FIELD THAT IS INFLUENCED BY ALL OF THE HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVES |
| BIOPSYCHOLOGY & EVOLUTIONARY PSYCHOLOGY | EXPLORE HOW OUR GENES & BIOLOGICAL ASPECTS PLAY A ROLE IN OUR BEHAVIOR AND NERVOUS SYSTEM FUNCTION ADAPT AND CHANGE IN OUR ENVIRONMENT |
| PERSONALITY PSYCHOLOGY | FOCUSES ON HOW OUR THOUGHTS & BEHAVIORS MAKE US UNIQUE |
| SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY | HOW WE INTERACT AND RELATE TO OTHERS STANLEY MILGRIM STUDY |
| INDUSTRIAL ORGANIZATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY | A SUBFIELD OF PSYCHOLOGY THAT APPLIES PSYCH THEORIES TO INDUSTRIAL & ORGANIZATIONAL SETTINGS |
| SPORT & EXERCISE PSYCHOLOGY & HEALTH PSYCHOLOGY | FOCUSES ON PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF SPORTS PERFORMANCE AND OUR HEALTH |
| CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY | FOCUSES DIAGNOSING MENTAL HEALTH DISORDERS |
| FORENSIC PSYCHOLOGY | PSYCHOLOGY IN THE JUSTICE SYSTEM HELP PICK JURIES |
| DEDUCTIVE REASONING | IDEAS THAT TEST THE REAL WORLD |
| INDUCTIVE REASONING | REAL WORLD OBSERVATIONS THAT LEAD TO NEW IDEAS |
| CLINICAL OR CASE STUDIES | STUDIED ONE THING THAT IS STRANGE AND DOESN'T NORMALLY HAPPEN |
| SURVEYS | LIST OF QUESTIONS THAT ARE ASKED ORALLY OR IN WRITING TO GAIN INFORMATION |
| TYPES OF OBSERVATION | NATURALISTIC (BETTER)AND STRUCTURED |
| ARCHIVAL RESEARCH | RELIES ON LOOKING AT PAST RESEARCH AND INFORMATION |
| LONGITUDINAL AND CROSS SECTIONAL | TESTING SAME PEOPLE OVER A LONG PERIOD OF TIME OR OF DIFFERENT AGES |
| CORRELATION COEFFICIENT | THERE IS A RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TO VARIABLES BUT THIS RELATIONSHIP DOES NOT ALWAYS MEAN CAUSATION |
| EXPERIMENTER BIAS | WHEN YOU HAVE TO BE CAREFUL WHEN PUTTING YOUR BIAS IN THE EXPERIMENT |
| THE EXPERIMENT GROUP VS. CONTROL GROUP | THEY SHOULD BE EXACTLY THE SAME EXCEPT FOR ONE VARIABLE |
| SINGLE BLIND STUDY | PARTICIPANTS ARE UNAWARE OF WHICH GROUP THEY ARE IN, BUT THE RESEARCHER/EXPERIMENTER KNOWS |
| DOUBLE BLIND STUDY | BETTER) NEITHER THE PARTICIPANTS NOR THE RESEARCHER/EXPERIMENTER KNOW WHICH GROUP MEMBERS ARE IN ,IN THE STUDY |
| INDEPENDENT VARIABLE | CONTROL/MANIPULATION (CAUSE) GROUP |
| DEPENDANT VARIABLE | (EFFECT) WHAT THE RESEARCHER ARE MEASURING TO SEE HOW IT AFFECTS THE INDEPENDENT VARIABLE |
| ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS | (IRB) INSTITUTIONAL REVIEW BOARD |
| IRB RULES | 1. INFORMED CONSENT- PARTICIPANTS HAVE TO KNOW WHAT THEY ARE DOING 2. NO DECEPTION UNLESS NECESSARY- CAN'T INTENTIONALLY LIE TO THEM 3. NO HARM - CAN’T INTENTIONALLY HARM SOMEBODY 4. KEEP RESULTS CONFIDENTIAL- KEEP INDIVIDUAL DETAILS SECRET |
| BIOPSYCHOLOGY | EXPLORES BIOLOGICAL MECHANISMS THAT UNDERLIE BEHAVIOR. |
| HOW MANY PAIRS OF CHROMOSOMES DO WE HAVE? | 23 PAIRS OF CHROMOSOMES |
| AUTOSOMES | control the inheritance of all an organism's characteristics |
| SEX CHROMOSOMES | CONTROL IF FETUS IS MALE OR FEMALE |
| GENOTYPE | REFERS TO THE GENETIC MAKEUP BASED ON GENETIC MATERIAL |
| PHENOTYPE | DESCRIBES OUTSIDE APPEARANCE- HAIR, EYES DOMINANT- WILL ALWAYS RESULT IN EXPRESSION OF THAT |
| RECESSIVE | WILL ONLY BE EXPRESSED IF GIVEN FROM BOTH PARENTS (LOWERCASE LETTERS) |
| DOMINANT | WILL ALWAYS RESULT IN EXPRESSION OF THAT PHENOTYPE (CAPITAL LETTERS) |
| HETEROZYGOUS | TWO DIFFERENT ALLELES |
| HOMOZYGOUS | TWO SAME ALLELES |
Created by:
ctapley
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