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Unit 14 Vocab Quiz 1

AP Psychology: Social Psychology

TermDefinition
Social Psychology The scientific study of how we think about influence and relate to one another.
Attribution Theory The theory that we explain someone's behavior by crediting either the situation or the person's disposition (personality).
Fundamental Attribution Error The tendency of observers, when analyzing others' behavior, to underestimate the impact of the situation and overestimate the impact of personal disposition (personality). Overestimate personality and underestimate situation.
Attitude Feelings, often influenced by our beliefs, that predispose us to respond in a particular way to objects, people, and events.
Peripheral Route Persuasion Occurs when people are influenced by incidental cues, such as speaker's attractiveness. No facts. Influenced by advertiser.
Central route Persuasion Occurs when interested people focus on the arguments and respond with favorable thoughts. Influenced by facts.
Foot-in-the-door Phenomenon The tendency for people who have first agreed to a small request to comply later with a larger request.
Role A set of expectations (norms) about a social position, defining how those in the position ought to behave.
Cognitive Dissonance Theory The theory that we act to reduce the discomfort we feel when two of our thoughts are inconsistent. For example, when we become aware that our attitudes and our actions clash, we can reduce the resulting dissonance by changing our attitudes.
Norms Understood rules for accepted and expected behavior. Norms prescribe "proper" behavior.
Conformity Adjusting our behavior or thinking to coincide with a group standard.
Normative Social Influence Influence resulting from a person's desire to gain approval or avoid disapproval.
Informative Social Influence Influence resulting from one's willingness to accept others' opinions about reality.
Social Facilitation Improved performance on simple or well-learned tasks in the presence of others.
Social Loafing The tendency for people in a group to exert less effort when pooling their efforts toward attaining a common goal than when individually accountable.
Deindividuation The loss of self-awareness and self-restraint occurring in group situations that foster arousal and anonymity.
Group Polarization The enhancement of a group's prevailing inclinations through discussion within the group.
Groupthink The mode of thinking that occurs when the desire for harmony in a decision-making group overrides a realistic appraisal of alternatives.
Culture The enduring behaviors, ideas, attitudes, values, and traditions shared by a group of people and transmitted from one generation to the next.
Prejudice An unjustifiable (and usually negative) attitude toward a group and its members. Prejudice generally involves stereotyped beliefs, negative feelings, and a predisposition to discriminatory action.
Stereotype A generalized (sometimes accurate but often overgeneralized) belief about a group of people.
Discrimination Unjustifiable negative behavior toward a group and its members.
Just-world Phenomenon The tendency for people to believe the world is just and that people therefore get what they deserve and deserve what they get.
Philip Zimbardo Stanford prison experiment. Roles.
Leon Festinger Twisting knobs experiment. Cognitive dissonance theory.
Solomon Asch Line experiment. Conformity.
Stanley Milgram Teacher shock experiment. Obedience to authority.
John Darley & Bibb Latane Bystander effect.
Created by: Anika Culp
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