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u2 vocab
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| hindsight bias | no one could've forseen the outcome |
| critical thinking | thinking that does not blindly accept arguments and conclusions |
| theory | explanation using an integrated set of principles that organizes observations |
| hypothesis | testable prediction, implied by a theory |
| operational definition | carefully worded statement of exact procedures used in a research study |
| replication | repeating the obsence of a research study, w/ diff situations |
| case study | one individual or group is studied in depth in the hope of recalling universal principles |
| naturalistic observation | observing+recording behavior in a natural occasion w/o manipulating or controlling |
| survery | technique for obtaining behaviors of a group, by question |
| sampling bias | flawed sampling bias that produces unrepresentative sample |
| population | all in a group being studied |
| random sample | sample that represents a population, equal chance for inclusion |
| correlation | measure of the extent to which variables change together, how well they predict one another |
| correlation coefficent | statistical index of the relationship between two variables |
| scatterplot | graph w/ clustered dots, represents the value of two variables slope suggests the direction of the relationship |
| illusory correlation | perception of a relationship where none exists |
| experiment | research or manipulates one or more factors to observe the effect on some behavior |
| experimental group | group exposed to treatment/ change |
| control group | not exposed to the treatment- comparison |
| random assignment | assigning people based on chance, minimizing pre-existing differences between groups |
| double-blind procedure | both patients and staff are ignorant with who recieved the placebo |
| placebo | effect experimental results caused by expectations alone |
| independent variable | factor that is manipulated |
| dependent variable | outcome factor, may change in response to manipulations of independent variable |
| confounding variable | might also produce an effect outcome factor |
| validity | extent to which a test or experiment measures what/ predicts what it is supposed to |
| descriptive statistics | numerical data used to measure and describe characteristics of groups |
| histogram | bar graph depicting a frequency distribution |
| mode | most frequent |
| median | middle score |
| mean | average |
| skewed distribution | representation of scores that lack symmetry around their avg. values |
| range | diff. between highest and lowest scores |
| standard deviation | computed measure of how much scores vary around the mean score |
| normal curve | symmetrical, bell-shaped curve that describes the distribution of data, 68% |
| inferential statistics | numerical data that allow one to generalize/ infer probability |
| statistical significance | statistical statement of how likely it is an obtained result occured by chance |
| culture | enduring behaviors, ideas, attitudes, and traditions |
| informed consent | ethical principle that participants are aware of |
| debriefing | post-experimental explanation of a study, including it's purpose and deceptions |
Created by:
_emilyyyoung_
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