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Unit 1 Vocabulary

Unit 1 Cell Structure Vocabulary Review

TermDefinition
Organelle "Small organs" of the cell that carry out specific functions
Nucleus "Brain" of the cell, control center; Contains DNA (genetic material)
Mitochondria "Powerhouse" or "Energy producer"; makes ATP that allows cells to burn energy; in both plants and animal cells
Vacuole "warehouse," stores food, water, waste; larger in plant cells
Lysosome Enzyme vesicle. Breaks down larger food molecules into smaller molecules; digests old cell parts
Cell Wall Gives support and protection to cell; made of cellulose in plants.
Cell Membrane "security guard", controls what comes in and out of the cell; maintains homeostasis
Chloroplasts Where photosynthesis occurs; in plant cells only
Large, Central vacuole Plant cells have large one to store water.
Cytoplasm Jelly-like substance the cell organelles float in
Nucleolus manufactures ribosomes inside the nucleus
How to identify a plant cell cell wall visible, large central vacuole that is larger than the nucleus, and chloroplast present
Eukaryotic cells Larger, complex, nucleus present, and has membrane bound organelles
Prokaryotic cells An organism whose cells do not have an enclosed nucleus, such as bacteria.
Virus A tiny, nonliving pathogenic particle that invades and then reproduces using a living, host cell.
3 parts of a virus nucleic acid, capsid, and glycoprotein (projections)
endosymbiotic theory theory that eukaryotic cells formed from a symbiosis among several different prokaryotic organisms
lytic cycle a viral reproductive cycle in which copies of a virus are made within a host cell, which then bursts open, releasing new viruses; takes days or a couple of weeks before symptoms show up
lysogenic cycle a viral reproductive cycle in which the viral DNA is added to the host cell's DNA and is copied along with the host cell's DNA; months or years can pass with no symptoms shown
Atom the basic unit of matter
Molecule Groups of atoms; smallest unit found in most chemical compounds.
Biomolecule large molecules that act as the building blocks for all living things. Includes Nucleic acids (DNA & RNA), Carbohydrates, Lipids and Proteins.
Organelle specialized structure that performs important cellular functions within a eukaryotic cell.
Cell Smallest functional unit of life
Unicellular organism made up of one cell
Tissue a group of similar cells that perform a particular function
Organ a group of tissues that work together to perform closely related functions.
Organ system a group of organs that work together to perform a specific function.
Organism an individual living thing made of many cells
Population Group of organisms of one type that live together in a defined area.
Community Populations that live together in a defined area
Ecosystem Community (All living organisms) and its nonliving surroundings
Biosphere The part of the earth that contains all ecosystems
Biomolecules are the tiny parts that make up all living things Bio= life Molecule= Grouped of 2 or more atoms held together by a chemical bond
Carbohydrates provide quick energy
Lipids store up energy for later use; long term energy storage
Nucleic Acids provides genetic material
Proteins provide structural support, regulate body processes
Carbohydrate elements Carbon (C), Hydrogen (H), and Oxygen (O)
Lipid elements Carbon (C), Hydrogen (H), and Oxygen (O)
Protein elements Carbon (C), Hydrogen (H), Oxygen (O), and Nitrogen (N)
Nucleic Acid elements Carbon (C), Hydrogen (H), Oxygen (O), Nitrogen (N), and Phosphorus (P)
Carbohydrate examples sugars, starches, cellulose, and glycogen
Lipid examples fats, waxes, oils, and steroids (cholesterol)
Protein examples enzymes and muscles
Nucleic acid examples DNA or RNA
Monomer a single unit that makes up larger polymers
Polymer made by linking together many monomers
All biomolecules contain... carbon, hydrogen, oxygen
Created by: jose.nino
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