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PTAS 105
Patho
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| gross level | organ or system level |
| microscopic level | celluar level |
| biopsy | excision of small amounts of living tissue |
| autospy | examination of the body and organs after death |
| diagnois | indication of a specific disease |
| cause | causative factors in a particular diesase |
| perdisposing factos- genetics factors that play in | tendencies that promote the development of a disease in an individual |
| pathogenesis- how the disease develops | the development of the disease |
| infarction | area of dead cells as a result of oxygen deprication |
| gangrene | area of necrotic tissue that has been invaded by bacteria |
| liquefaction necrosis | dead cells liquefy becuase of release of cell enzymes |
| coagulative cecrosis | cell proteins are alted or denatured-coagulation |
| fat necrosis | fatty tissue broken down into fatty acids |
| gaseous necrosis | form of coagulation necrosis; thick, yellowish "cheesy" substance forms |
| microorganism | bacteria and viruses , for example |
| abnormal metabolites | genetic disorders, inborn errors of metabolism, altered metabolism |
| apoptosis | refers programmed cell death a normal occurrence in the body |
| ischemia | reduced blood supply caiseomg nutritional deficit in the tissue which causes the cells to die |
| hypoxia | reduced oxygen in the the tissue |
| physical damage | excessive heat or cold, radiation exposure |
| mechanical damage | pressure or tearing of tissue |
| chemical toxins | exogenous;from enviroment (outside of the body) exdengous; from inside the body |
| Causes of Cell damages | -apoptosis -physical damage -ischemia -mechanical damage -hypoxia -chemical toxins -microorganisms -abnormal metabolites -nurtitional deficits -imbalace of fluids or electrolytes |
| metaplasia | mature cell tpye is replace by a different type of mature cell type |
| dysplasia | cells vary in size and shaple within a tissue |
| anaplasia | undifferentiated cells, with variable nuclear and cell structures |
| neoplasia | new growth commonly called tumor |
| atrophy | decrease in the size of cells ; results in loss/less/ decrease of tissue mass |
| hypertrophy | increase in cell size; results in enlarged tissue mass |
| hyperplasia | increased number of cells; results in inlarged/ tissue mass increase in number of cells |
| communicable diseases | infection that can spread from one person to another |
| notifiable or reportable diseases | diseases that must be reported by the physician to certain designated authorities |
| autopsy or postmortem examination | performed after death to determine th e exa g cuase of death |
| occurrence of disease | tracked by incidence and prevalence |
| incidence | number of new cases in a given population within a specified time period |
| pervalence | number of new and old cases in a specific population within a specicied time period |
| epidemics | occur when a higher than expected number of cases of an infectious disease occur within a given area |
| pandemics | involve a higher number of cases in many regions of the globe |
| epidiology scientist who study diease | science of indentifying the causative factors and tracking the pattern or occurrence of disease |
| morbidity | indicates the number of cases or instances within a group |
| mortablity | indicates the number of deaths resulting from a particular disease within a group |
| sequelae | unwanted outcomes of primary conditon |
| convalescene | period or recovery |
| prognosis | prbability for recovery or for other cutcome |
| rehabilitation | maximizing the function of diseased tissues |
| remissions | manifestations of the disease subside or are absent |
| precipitating factor- like asthma | condition that triggers as acute episode |
| complications | new secondary or additonal problems |
| therapy | treatmetn meaures to promote recovery or slow the reogress or a disease |
| incubation period | time between to a microorganism and onset of signs and symptoms |
| prodromal peroid | early/ process development of a disease, signs nonspecific or absent |
| manifestations | clinical evidence of disease |
| sydrome | a collection of sign and symptoms; often affects more than one organ |
| acute disease | develops quickly, marked signs, short term |
| chronic disease | often milder, develops gradually, persists for a very long time does greater damage to the tissues, subclinical state, pathologic charges, no obvious manifestations |
| latent state nor clinical changes | collection of symptoms or clinical signs edivent |
| diagnosis | indication of a specific disease |
| cuase | causative factors in a particular disease |
| predispsing factors-genetics factors that play in | the development of the disease |
| health indicators adjustment can be cuased by | age gender genetic enviroment activity level |
| What are the seven steps to health | -be a non smoker & aviod second-hand smoke, -healthy eating,-phsyical activity on a regular basis,-protection form the sun follow cancer screening guidelines,-doctor or dentist vistit if any chages in the normal state of health- follow health & safety for |
| pathophysiology | functional physiologic changes in the body as a result from disease, includes aspects of pathology, which describes structurial changes in body tissues caused by disease |
| disease prevention | has become a primary focus in health care maintaining routine vaccination programs, participation in screening programs, community healht programs, community health programs, regular routine doctos visits |
| medical history | current and prior illnesses, allergies, hospitalizations, treatment, specific difficulties, any tpye of therapy or drugs, presscription, nonprescription, herbal items, including food supplements |
| anaerobic | without oxygen |
| endogenous | originating from within the body |
| exogenous | originating from outside the body |
| homeostasis | a relatively stable or constant environment in the body, including BP, Temperature, and pH, maintained by the various control mechanisms |
| iatrogenic | caused by a treatment, procedure, or error |
| idiopathic | no known cause |
| inflammation | the response to tissue damage, indicated by redness swelling, warmth, and pain |
| lysis | destruction of a cell |
| morphologic | the physical size, form structure, and shape of cells or organs |
| necrosis | death or destruction of tissue |
| probability | the likelihood or change of occurrence |
| pyroptosis | results in lysis ( destruction of a cell) or dissolution of the cell, releasing destructive lysosomal(inflammation) enzymes into the tissue |
| what triggers pyroptosis? | various pathological stimuli like heart attack, stroke, cancer, microbial infections |
| lysosomal enzymes | cause inflammation ( redness, swelling, pain) |
| what are some ways to prevent disease | primary focus in Health Care routine vaccinations participation in screening programs community health programs regular routine DR visits |
| What does Health refer to? | physical, mental and social well- being |
| What is a deviation from the normal state of homeostasis? | Disease |
| Disease | deviation from the normal state of homeostasis |
| what causes adjustment to health indicators | age, gender, genetic, environment, activity level |
| what are health indicators | normal values that occurs within a range of values and may vary depending on the technology used for measurement |
| What are the Seven steps to health? | non smoker, avoid 2nd hand smoke, healthy eating, regular physical activity, sun protection, cancer screenings, visit DR or dentist if any changes in the normal state of health, following health & safety guidelines for hazardous materials |
| healthy eating includes | eating 5-10 servings or vegetable and fruit a day choosing high-fiber foods lower fatty foods limit alcohol intake |
| what is pathophysiology? | pathophysiology refers to a functional physiologic changes that occur in the body as a result from disease |
| Does pathophysiology use basic Anatomy and Physiology? | yes/ true |
| does aspects of pathology desribe structruial changes in the body tissue that has been caused by disease | yes/ true |
| subclinical state | a disease that has no recognizable clincial findings some common diseases that are not recogniziable include diabetes, hypothyroidism and rheumatoid arthritis |
| clinical state | a disease that has signs and symptoms that can be recognized |
| pathogensis | how the disease develops the development of the disease |
| new development and trends | constant updating of info and knowledge- as things change, improved diangostic test, development of more effective drugs, new technologies, extensive research in efforts to prevent, control or cure many disorders- more research |
| pathophysiology includes? | cause and effect relationships, defined by signs and symptoms, gudie the the study of a specific disease |
| medical history |
Created by:
Rainze
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