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Exam1-Psychology 161

QuestionAnswer
Active child theme Activity of fetus contributes to development. Normal prenatal development depends on fetal behavior, from squirming in the womb to making breathing motions to secreting hormones.
epigenesis Emergence of new structures and functions during development. Aristotle favored this idea.
embryology The study of prenatal development
gametes Germ cells. Unique in function and contain only half of DNA.
conception The union of the sperm and the egg
zygote Fertilized egg containing full genetic material (1/2 from father, 1/2 from mother)
First process of development Cell division. Within 12 hours of fertilization, the zygote divides. It continues to divide over the course of 38 weeks.
Second process of development Cell migration. The movement of newly formed cells from their point of origin in the embryo to somewhere else. I.e. Many cells that migrate are the neurons in the cortex
Cortex The outer layer of the brain.
Third process of development Cell differentiation. Initially the embryonic cells are interchangeable. After several divisions, they begin to specialize, becoming different in terms of function and structure.
Embryonic cells Stem cells.
Fourth stage of development Death. The selective death of cells help to create the body structure. I.e. the human hand. The formation of fingers relies upon the death of the cells in between the ridges in the hand plate.
Apoptosis Cell suicide.
Identical Twins Result from the splitting of the inner cell mass (the arrangement of cells in a hollow sphere), and thus have the exact same genetic make-up.
Fraternal Twins Results when two eggs are released from the ovary into the fallopian tube and are both fertilized. No more genetically alike then regular siblings.
Neural Tube A groove formed in the top layer of differentiated cells in the embryo that eventually becomes the brain and spinal cord
Placenta A support organ for the fetus. Keeps the circulatory systems of the fetus and the mother separate, but as a semipermeable membrane permits the exchange of some materials between them (O2 and nutrients from mother to fetus and CO2 and waste vice versa)
Umbilical Cord A tube containing the membrane that surrounds and protects the fetus.
Cephalocaudal Development the pattern of growth in which areas near the head develop earlier than areas farther from the head.
Fetal Behavior: Movement Prenatal-Postnatal continuity. The fetus moves legs and arms, wiggles fingers, moves head and eyes, grasps umbilical cord, yawns, and complete changes in position (backward somersault).
Fetal Behavior: Swallowing Drinks amniotic fluid which benefits tongue movement associated with drinking and swallowing, creating the development of a normal palate.
Sight and Touch Visual experience is N/A. Though, a fetus experiences tactile simulations as a result of its own activity. Hands come into contact with parts of the body and as it grows larger the walls of the uterus.
Taste Amniotic fluid contains several different tastes. Fetus has a sweet tooth. Fetus can detect flavors and determine the extent of its liking.
Smell Through fetal breathing , amniotic fluid comes in contact with the odor receptors, thus scientists conclude that the fetus has olfactory experience.
Hearing Both internal and external sounds can be heard inside of the womb. A fetus can hear its mothers voice as well as her heartbeat, breathing, swallowing, and other various 'rude' noises her body makes.
Habituation A simple form of learning that involves a decrease in response to repeated or continued simulation.
Created by: 1562190166
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