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Fitness components.
Fitness comps, Activity analysis, fitness assessment
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Aerobic power definition | The maximal rate of energy release from aerobic respiration. |
| Factors affecting aerobic power | CVS - The greater blood volume, cardiac output and blood flow to the working muscles increases aerobic power. Fibre type - The greater % of slow twitch fibres will increase aerobic respiration. |
| Examples of aerobic power | Long distance running/ cycling etc. |
| Body Composition definition | The relative proportions of bone, muscle and fat within the body. |
| Factors affecting body composition | Genetic makeup - You will have a similar genetic makeup compared to your parents. Diet and physical activity levels - Energy output should be greater than energy input to avoid an increase in body fat. |
| Examples of body composition | Sumo Wrestling and a jockey. |
| Flexibility definition | The capacity of a joint to move through its full range of motion. Static flexibility is the range of motion possible when not moving, whereas dynamic flexibility refers to the resistance to motion in a joint when moving. |
| Factors affecting flexibility | Joint Structure - The type of joint can determine the amount of movement allowed Muscle Temperature - Increased muscle temp increases flexibility. |
| Examples of flexibility | Gymnastics, tennis, rock climbing. |
| Muscular endurance definition | Muscular endurance relates to an individual’s ability to continue repeated muscle movements, or to maintain an isometric contraction, for an extended period of time. |
| Factors affecting muscular endurance | Fatigue - Increased ability to resist fatigue due to increased lactate tolerance leads to an increase in muscular endurance. Fibre Type - Greater % of slow twitch within muscles is greater, therefore greater resistance to fatigue. |
| Examples of muscular endurance | Running, cycling or rowing. |
| Muscular strength definition | The maximal force that can be generated by a muscle or muscle group in one maximal effort. |
| Factors affecting muscular strength | Speed of contraction - The slower the speed of contraction, the more force produced. Cross-sectional area of the muscle - The larger the cross-sectional area of muscle, the greater the force produced |
| Examples of muscular strength | Weightlifting - 1 RM |
| Agility definition | The ability to change direction with maximal speed and control. |
| Factors affecting agility | Flexibility - Greater flexibility allows for changing direction at greater speeds leading to an increase in agility Centre of gravity - A lower centre of gravity allows for greater stability therefore enhancing agility. |
| Examples of agility | Changing direction quickly in sports |
| Balance definition | The ability of the body to remain in a state of equilibrium while performing a desired task. |
| Factors affecting balance | Centre of gravity - A lower centre of gravity corresponds with greater balance. Base of support - Having a wider base of support allows for greater balance. |
| Examples of balance | Gymnastics |
| Anaerobic capacity definition | The total amount of energy obtainable from the anaerobic energy systems. |
| Factors affecting anaerobic capacity | Fibre type- Greater % of fast twitch fibres = increased anaerobic capacity. Lactate tolerance - The more met by-products that can be tolerated the greater anaerobic capacity. |
| Examples of anaerobic capacity | Sprinting |
| Coordination definition | The ability to use body parts in a sequence to execute motor skills smoothly and accurately. |
| Factors affecting coordination | Poor hearing/vision - Impaired senses will affect coordination Stage of development - The stage of learning will affect the performers coordination |
| Examples of coordination | Triple jump |
| Muscular power definition | The ability to exert a force rapidly, over a short period of time |
| Factors affecting muscular power | Muscular strength - Muscular strength allows for a greater force to be produced hence increasing muscular power. Fibre type - Fast twitch fibres are capable of greater strength output therefore greater power |
| Examples of muscular power | Jumping explosively off the ground |
| Reaction time definition | The time between a stimulus and the first response. |
| Factors affecting reaction time | Anticipation of cue occurring - If the cue is predictable then reaction time is reduced. Number of responses - If there is only one possible response, the response is fastest. |
| Examples of reacting time | Intercepting a ball |
| Speed definition | The ability to move the whole body or parts of the body from one place to another in the shortest time possible. |
| Factors affecting speed | Fibre type - Athletes with a higher percentage of fast twitch fibres will have greater speed. Lactate tolerance - Increased ability to resist fatigue when working at high intensities. |
| Examples of speed | 100m sprint. |
| Relevant fitness tests for aerobic power | Yo-Yo intermittent recovery test VO2 max test. Coopers 12 minute run. |
| Relevant fitness tests for flexibility | Shoulder rotation test Groin flexibility test |
| Relevant fitness tests for muscular strength | Grip strength test 1RM bench press |
| Relevant fitness tests for muscular power | Vertical jump test Magaria Kalamen power test |
| Relevant fitness tests for muscular endurance | Pull up test 60 second push up test |
| Relevant fitness tests for anaerobic capacity | Repco peak power test. 30 second Wingate test |
| Relevant fitness tests for agility | 5-0-5 agility test SEMO agility test Illinois agility test |
| Relevant fitness tests for speed | Sprint tests, different distances to suit sport. |
| Relevant fitness tests for body composition | Skinfold test. BMI test. |
| Purpose of an activity analysis | - Identifying energy system contribution - Identify fitness component. - Intensity levels - Major muscle groups. |
| Physiological Data | Skill frequencies. Movement patterns Intensity/heart rate charts. Work:Rest ratios |
| Data collection methods | Direct observation, direct observation and statistical recording, digital record, mobile apps, GPS, Heart rate monitoring, aerial sports technology. |
| Purpose of fitness assessment | -To determine strengths and weaknesses - To establish a baseline to make comparisons with future results - Improve motivation - Predicting future results. |
| Physiological considerations of fitness testing | - The individuals current fitness levels. - Previous health issues. -Physiological requirements of the sport. - Whether the conditions are safe/suitable for fitness testing |
| Purpose of PAR-Q | To identify known health conditions and current previous injuries, or those who may be at a higher risk during physical activity or exercise, and therefore efficiently determine an individual’s readiness for fitness testing or an exercise program. |
| Sociocultural considerations of fitness testing | - Whether it is culturally acceptable. - Whether mixed gender groups are appropriate - Make sure it is most age appropriate. - Whether SES can affect an individuals performance. |
| Testing protocols (IVAR) | -Ensure participant has a clear understanding of the testing process. - Clarify risks. - Undertake IVAR to ensure this Informed consent, validity, accuracy and reliability |
| Informed consent | Participant must give their consent to participant before undertaking the program. Include risks. Complete PAR-Q. If under 18, parental consent is required. |
| Validity | Whether the test measures what it is claimed to measure. |
| Accuracy | The ability for the test to produce correct results. Lab testing is more accurate however less practical as there is a trade off. |
| Reliability | The test must be able to be repeated with consistency, the only variable that should change is the participant. |
| Reliability factors that should be made constant | -The same order of fitness tests -The performer's health status should be unchanged -The same warm-up should be done prior to testing - Individual should use the same equipment, clothing and footwear |
| Lab testing | In-Lab tests are those that are carried out under controlled sports science laboratory conditions. |
| Field testing | Field tests are tests that are carried out in team training or class activity settings. |
| Direct testing | Gives an exact value of the test. Eg. Vo2 max gives an exact value in L/min/ |
| Indirect testing | Completing a test where you are given a score, which will give an estimation of what the test measures.It is an estimation. Eg. 20m shuttle runs score estimates your Vo2 max. |
Created by:
Campbell_McClounan
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