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Pharm-Antibiotics
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What rx are aminoglycosides? | Amikan, Gentamicin, Streptomycin, Tobramycin |
| Peak and trough of Tobramycin? | Trough 1-2, Peak 5-10 |
| What are the effects of aminoglycosides? | Muscle paralysis, otoxic hearing loss (perm/temp), cirrhosis, nephrotoxic |
| What should you monitor aminoglycosides for? | Superinfection, cdiff, thrush, vaginal discharge |
| What are penicillins? | Amoxicillin, Augmentin, Pipercillin |
| What are penicillin effects? | angiodema (swollen lips+tongue), SJS |
| What does penicillin increase the effectiveness of? | Coumadin |
| Is penicillin safe in pregnancy? | Yes. |
| What rx are cephalosporins? | Ceftaroline, Rocephin, Ancef, Keflex |
| What is the most commonly used cephalosporins? | Ancef, Keflex |
| What are the effects of cephalosporins? | SJS |
| Can you take cephalosporins if you are allergic to penicillin? | No |
| What should you avoid when taking cephalosporins? | Alcohol, OTC - to avoid Antabuse like reaction |
| What are carbapenem rx? | Primaxin, Azactam (most common) |
| What are the effects of carbapenems? | Decreases valproic acid levels, decreases hemoglobin and hematocrit levels |
| What should you monitor carbapenems for? | Cdiff, superinfection, vitamin K |
| What drinks should you avoid taking carbapenems with? | fruit juice. carbonated beverages |
| What are fluroquinolones/quinolones rx? | Cipro, Levaquin |
| What are the effects of fluroquinolones/quinolones? | crystalluria, SJS, tendon rupture, redman |
| What do test do you need prior to taking fluroquinolones/quinolones? | Culture & Sensitivity |
| What do fluroquinolones/quinolones do? | Inhibit intracellular enzyme, essential for duplication, transcription, repair of bacteria DNA |
| What side effect can fluroquinolones/quinolones have? | Super infection |
| What are cyclic lipopeptide rx? | Zyvox |
| What are lipopeptides used to treat? | MRSA, VRE |
| What are effects of lipopeptides? | Cdiff, vein irritation, insomnia, optic neuropathy, alteration in taste, blurry vision |
| What will lipopeptides decrease? | Glucose level |
| What should you monitor for when taking lipopeptides? | Thigh and calf pain (lactic acidosis) |
| What should you monitor for when taking lipopeptides when pts are taking MAOI, SSRI, TCA? | Serotonin Syndrome |
| What are sulfonamides rx? | Bactrim, Septra |
| What should you wear when taking sulfonamides? | Sunscreen (even on cloudy days) |
| What are effects of sulfonamides? | SJS, stomatitis (mouth, lip, tongue inflammation) |
| What should you monitor for while taking sulfonamides? | Jaundice |
| What does sulfonamides increase? | Dilantin levels (treats seizures, normal Dilantin level 10-20) |
| What is an effect of sulfonamides? | Leukopenia – fever, sore throat, fatigue, cough (may be confused for a cold) |
| What is the topical application for sulfonamides? | Silverdine |
| What platelet count is affected when taking sulfonamides? | Thrombocytopenia – platelet count less than 100,000 |
| What are tetracyclines rx? | Tetracycline (do NOT give to renal disease pts), Doxycycline (okay for renal pts) |
| What does tetracycline treat? | Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever, Lyme disease, acene (adults & children) |
| What are the effects of tetracycline? | Vertigo, thrombophlebitis, photosensitivity |
| When should you administer tetracycline? | 1 hour before or 2 hours after meal |
| What drink should you avoid taking tetracycline with? | Do not give with dairy products, iron supplements, MVIs, calcium supplements, antacid, laxatives (binds to it and won’t absorb) |
| Who should NOT be prescribed tetracycline? | Do not give to anyone under the age of 8 due to teeth discoloration - Must be avoided in pregnant (causes fetal teeth development, and brittle bones) and nursing women |
| What does tetracycline increase the risk of? | effect of oral anticoagulants (increase blood cloths, thicker blood) |
| What does tetracycline decrease the risk of? | effects of oral contraceptives (blocks contraceptive, gets pregnant) |
| What are macrolide rx? | Erythromycin, Zithromax (Azithromycin), Biaxin (Clarithromycin) |
| What are effects of macrolides? | GI bleed (Bright red bleed= Active bleed, Coffee Brown= Old bleed), Tinnitus (Ringing in the ear) |
| What culture should be done prior to taking macrolides? | Culture and sensitivity prior to starting when given IV |
| What medications does macrolides increase the effectiveness and levels of? | Tegretol (aka Carbamazepine) Digoxin, Coumadin and Theophylline |
| What are lincosamide rx? | Lincocin, Clindamycin (Cleocin) Most common |
| What are the effects of lincosamides? | Blood dyscrasias (Abnormal material in the blood), Decreased leukocytes, eosinophils and platelets, vertigo, hypotension, Pseudomembranous colitis (antibiotic associated colitis, Cdiff |
| What should you consider when taking lincosamides? | Avoid alcohol-based products and areas with open flames, wait 30 minutes after bathing and shaving to apply topically |
| What is glycopeptide rx? | Vancomycin IV ONLY (Range 15-20, every 12hrs) |
| What does rapid infusion of glycopeptide (Vancomycin) cause? | RMS (Redman) |
| What are effects of glycopeptide? | Redman, nephrotoxicity, neutropenia, deafness (reversible) |
| What is glycopeptide used to treat? | multi-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections and enterococcal infections, which are resistant to beta-lactams and other antibiotics. |
| What are antifungal rx? | Amphotericin B, Diflucan, Monistat, Nizoral, Mycostatin |
| What pts should not take antifungals? | Renal disease pts |
| What are the effects of antifungals? | Malaise (Tired), lack of appetite, dyspepsia (heart burn), facial edema, hepatoxicity, nephrotoxicity |
| Where should you store antifungals? | Away from sunlight, cover package/tubing |
| What pts should use caution taking antifungals? | Pts using steriods |
| What method should pts use with antifungals? | Swish and Swallow (good hand hygiene) |
| What should pts avoid using while on antifungals? | Toothpicks (increase bleeding of gums) |
| What should you monitor while taking antifungals? | Fever & chills after IV administration |
| What are antihelmintics rx? | Provan, Vermox, Albendazole, Praziquantel |
| What do antihelmintics treat? | amebiasis, roundworms, hookworms and pinworm |
| What are effects of antihelmintics? | Abnormal bloating, anorexia |
| What kind of sample is done for antihelmintics? | Stool, blood, urine, sputum or tissue from infected host for ova/larva |
| What should a pt on antihelmintics practice? | Handwashing (stop spread) |
| What actions should be taken for a pt on antihelmintics? | Treat entire family, wash utensils in hottest water |
| When is Vermox (antihelmintics) most effective? | When chewed and taken with fatty meals |
| What are Antimalarials/Antiprotozoals rx? | Plaquenil (hydroxychloroquine), Quinine (qualaquin) |
| What do Antimalarials/Antiprotozoals treat? | Prevention and/or treatment of malaria |
| What are effects of Antimalarials/Antiprotozoals? | Tinnitus, orthostatic hypotension, increased thirst, leg cramps |
| What test is given to African Americans/Mediterraneans prior to starting Antimalarials/Antiprotozoals? | G6PD |
| When should Antimalarials/Antiprotozoals be taken? | Same day, same time |
| What are antiparasitic rx? | Lindane, RID, NIX |
| What do antiparasitic treat? | Hair lice, pubic lice, body lice and scabies |
| What effects of antiparasitic? | Buring application on skin, dizziness |
| What should your skin be when applying antiparasitic? | Skin must be cool & dry |
| What are antiviral rx? | Zovirax, Adefovir, Famvir, Valtrex (wear gloves applying) |
| What do antivirals treat? | Shingles, Chicken pox, herpes |
| What are effects of antivirals? | Anorexia, orthostatic hypotension |
| What should be avoided while taking antivirals? | Unprotected sex |
| What are Antiretrovirals rx? | PI (protease inhibitor) – Kaletra, Crixivan, Ritonavir RTI (reverse transcriptase inhibitor)– Combivir, Sustiva |
| What do antiretrovirals treat? | HIV/AIDS |
| What does HAART stand for? | Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy, using multiple agents at the same time |
| What are effects of anitiretrovirals? | Insulin resistance, spontaneous joint bleeding, anemia, insomnia, paresthesia, body fat redistribution |
| What is the viral load in antiretrovirals? | Viral load over 200 you have aids |
| What are Anti-tubercula rx? | Isoniazid (INH) is the only drug recommended for prophylactic treatment, recommended duration of 1 year |
| What laws have been passed if you have TB? | You can't be sent to prison/jail until you have completed TB therapy |
| What are effects of Antitubercula/INH? | NVD, hepatitis, slurred speech, hallucinations, peripheral neuropathy |
| What should you avoid while taking antitubercula/INH? | NO bananas, alcohol or aged cheese |
Created by:
linfra7480
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