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Gender is the biological characteristics of being a female or a male
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Sex is sociologically constructed and can be changed
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GAD
Area Exam 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Gender is the biological characteristics of being a female or a male | False |
| Sex is sociologically constructed and can be changed | False |
| Gender sensitivity is the presence of programs, projects and processes that systematically address gender concerns and issues | False |
| Gender and Development is a development perspective and process adopted by the national government in 1970s | False |
| Gender issues are gender linked beliefs, systems and processes, conditions and situations that block an individual’s attainment of full potentials and satisfying life | True |
| Gender role stereotyping and consequent subordination of women to men is a deterrent to development | True |
| Because of these, women and men are boxed into situations which constrain their… capacity to do and to be … and hinder their potential to attain a full and satisfying life | True |
| - difficulties that women and men experience as a result of cultural biases - biases define what women and men should be, how they would act, what they would do, what they are entitled to | Gender Issues |
| Women are in the invisible and marginalized sector or the so-called “non-money economy” - bearing and raising children - domestic and unpaid economic labor - subsistence agriculture | True |
| Women are already in the “money economy” - informal sector - wage employment - trading | True |
| roles and insights to share in order to attain development objectives: - sustaining the environment - managing population growth - imparting values that have profound impacts on human progress and economic development | True |
| - it reflects a change in focus from women and their exclusion from development initiatives - is a development perspective that recognizes the different roles of women and men - in the processes of developing programs particularly in government agencies | Gender and Development |
| - It defines the forms of discrimination against women and sets up an agenda for national action - Comprehensively addresses women’s human rights - Focused on ending all forms of discrimination against women and girls | International Bill of Rights for Women |
| was explicitly endorsed as a strategy to ensure that a gender perspective is reflected in all policies and programs | Gender mainstreaming |
| - It recognizes the role of women in nation-building and ensures the fundamental equality before the law of women and men (Consti. Article 2 Section 14) | National Mandates |
| - RA 9710 or the Magna Carta of Women (MCW) and the General Appropriations Act mandate the national agencies as well as the local government units to prepare an annual GAD Plan and Budget (GPB). | National Mandates |
| - Section 36: All government agencies shall adopt Gender Mainstreaming as a strategy to promote and fulfill women’s human rights and eliminate gender discrimination | National Mandates |
| - to eliminate discrimination through recognition of the rights of Filipino women - all women shall be protected from all forms of violence as provided for in existing laws - give priority to the defense and protection of women | Magna Carta of Women (RA 9710) |
| - how you see/identify yourself | Gender Identity |
| - whom you are attracted to | Sexual Orientation |
| - physical attribute, biological characteristics, reproductive system | Sex |
| - how you express your personhood | Gender expression |
| - are socially coded behaviors and practices often related to a person’s reproductive capacities | Sex roles |
| - set of qualities, differentiated roles or responsibilities, attitudes, and values | Gender |
| - the way people experience and express themselves sexually | Human sexuality |
| SOGIE + SC Model | Sexual Orientation (SO) Gender Identity (GI) Gender Expression (E) Sexual Characteristic (SC) |
| Kung kanino ka nagkakagusto o naakit | Puso |
| Pagkakakilanlan mo sa iyong sarili kung ikaw ay babae o lalake, halong babae at lalake, o wala sa dalawa | Utak |
| Panlabas na kaanyuan, pananamit, galat at itsura na maaring umaakma sa mga kalalakihan, kababaihan, magkahalo, o wala sa dalawa | Anyo |
| Pisikal na katangian sa katawan kagaya ng pribadong ari, reproductive system, etc | Ari |
| Gender Roles and Expectations are learned | True |
| - process of learning and internalizing culturally approved ways of thinking, feeling, and behaving according to one’s gender | Gender Role Socialization |
| 4 Process of Socialization | 1. Manipulation 2. Canalization 3. Verbal Appellations 4. Activity Exposures |
| - way where parents deter or encourage behavior on the basis of appropriateness in regards to gender | Manipulation |
| - way in which parents channel the child's interests in activities in conjunction with gender as deemed appropriate | Canalization |
| - use of language to label children in a way that reinforces appropriate gender identification | Verbal Appellations |
| - activities conformity to norms and practices that reinforces appropriate gender identification | Activity exposures |
| - the assigning of different roles and responsibilities to women and men according to what is considered socially and culturally appropriate | Gender Division of Labor |
| Social institutions that perpetuates gender biases | - Family - School - Language - Church - Media - Workplace - State |
| Sexism, Gender Discrimination = reproduced, perpetuated | True |
| Sexist Prejudice = hostile sexism, benevolent sexism | True |
| - derogatory depiction of women and negative feelings toward them in order to justify male power, traditional gender roles, and men’s consideration of women as sexual objects | Hostile Sexism |
| - more subtle form of prejudice toward women because it sees them as pure, kind, gentle, and in need of men’s protection, therefore justifying male dominance and women’s subordinate role | Benevolent Sexism |
| Types of Verbal Abuse | -Abuse disguised as a joke -Blocking and diverting -Trivializing -Name calling -Judging and criticizing |
| - jokes told at your expense that make you feel helpless/humiliated | Abuse disguised as a joke |
| - abuser does not let you get your point across usually because the abuser diverts the topic to something else | Blocking and diverting |
| - takes away from your accomplishment, actions or ideas | Trivializing |
| - the only example of verbal abuse people understands to be abusive | Name calling |
| - the perpetrator puts you down without trying to hide it - the abuser will judge and criticize whether you’re alone or with other people | Judging and criticizing |
| Situations where we see gender differences | -Social -Political -Educational -Economic |
| – different perceptions of women’s and men’s social roles | Social |
| – differences in the ways in which women and men assume/share power and authority | Political |
| – differences in educational opportunities & expectations of girls and boys | Educational |
| – differences in women’s and men’s access to credit and loans, land ownership | Economic |
| Manifestation of Gender Bias | -Gender Stereotyping -Marginalization (Economic) -Subordination -Multiple Burden -Violence against women |
| - The process of attributing a set of characteristics, roles and traits, favorable or unfavorable to all members of a social group based on sex | Gender stereotyping |
| - The process which forces women out into the periphery of economic and social life | Marginalization (Economic) |
| - One sex is inferior to the other; gender subordination is the institutionalized domination by men of women | Subordination |
| - Involvement in the three spheres of work: reproductive, productive and community work | Multiple Burden |
| - Acts of instilling fear and inflicting pain with the aim to injure or abuse a person, usually women - May be verbal, psychological or physical in nature | Violence against women |
| - Involves changing policies and institutions to actively promote gender equality - Inclusion of a gender perspective in the design and implementation of plans and programs to carry out agency mandates | GAD Mainstreaming |
| - Allocating adequate logistics for the conduct of gender-responsive activities in the regular programs of the organization - The annual GAD Plan and Budget is the tool used to ensure that these are carried out by agencies and LGUs | GAD Mainstreaming |
| The Philippine Gender Mainstreaming (GM) Strategy | Gender Equality & Women’s Empowerment |
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