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RADT 312
Units 5, 6, 7
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Menu Screens: Study Data or Patient Data screens include: | Identification, demographic, and study information |
| Menu Screens: Submit Study | Sends patient’s entire file to the PAC system for storage |
| Menu Screens: Image Review screen | Windowing adjustments, presentation of histogram and exposure indicator |
| Menu Screens: To increase brightness you: | Hold down mouse button and move cursor to the right |
| Menu Screens: To reduce contrast you: | Move the cursor down - may reverse image (black on white) |
| Menu Screens: A magnifying glass icon | “Zooms” in or out of the image |
| Menu Screens: An assign or stamp view button | Dedicates the image to a particular study or series |
| Menu Screens: An accept image or deliver button | Sends to PACS |
| Menu Screens: The select destination button | You can print images with or without being sent to PACS (c-arm printer |
| Speed Class expresses: | Speed class expresses its sensitivity to radiation |
| Who determines the speed class used? | Department management and QC techs (Work with Radiologists in department) |
| The lower the speed class the ________ (higher/lower) needed exposure | Higher |
| The lower the speed class the ________ (higher/lower) patient dose | Higher |
| Nearly all modern CR and DR systems can be operated at a speed class of: | 300, 350, or 400 |
| With a 400 speed – we need _____ as much exposure as compared to 200 speed | half |
| For each image in the PACS, the exposure indicator is to be permanently stored as part of the _________. | DICOM Header |
| Insufficient techniques resulting in low exposure indicators will produce _________. | Mottle noise in the image |
| High exposure indicators reflect ________ (high/low) exposure to the patient: | High |
| To achieve exposure indicators within the correct recommended range use _____ (high/low kVp) and ______ (high/low mAs): | High kVp and low mAs |
| _________ is likely to appear in the computerized image any time the Exposure Indicator is low | Mottle |
| The standardized EI is based on actual exposure to the image detector measured in: | Microgray |
| The ____ is to be permanently stored as part of the DICOM header for each image in the PACS | EI |
| DI stands for: | Deviation Index |
| DI measures: | The difference of how many photons should be reaching the IR and how many actually do |
| It takes __________ times the normal exposure to reach saturation | 8-10 |
| Saturation is: | Something that interferes with brightness of image (overexposure) |
| True saturation presents a ____________ area with absolutely no details present | Flat black |
| T/F: Anything which can lead to histogram analysis errors can cause the exposure indicator to be corrupted | True |
| T/F: saving changes in PACS permanently erases some image data (limit Radiologists viewing adjustments) | True (remember save a copy of the original image) |
| __________ suppresses image noise (mottle) with a slight decrease in contrast throughout the image | Smoothing |
| ____________ reverses blank areas around the image to black border | Dark Masking (always recommended) |
| ____________ reverses image to “black-on-white” (white background) | Image Reversal (Black Bone) - produces subjective visual changes |
| ___________ zooms or reduces/expands features re-map image onto a smaller or larger matrix | Resizing |
| _________________ software accurately aligns the resulting images, using the grid, to form a single body-length image | Image stitching (Scoliosis Series) |
| For Spatial Resolution, we want at least ____ LP/mm for static images | 8 |
| For Spatial Resolution, we want at least ____ LP/mm for digital fluoroscopy | 6 |
| Spatial Resolution is dependent upon: | Geometrical factors, digital processing, vertical and horizontal resolution of the display monitor, zoom (magnification) level |
| Geometric Magnification (Size Distortion) is primarily controlled by the ________ ratio | SID/SOD |
| Increase SID results in ______ (more/less) intensity and a needed _______ (increase/decrease) technique | Increase SID = less intensity = increase technique |
| The 4-centimeter rule for body part thickness states that: | For every 4cm of added part thickens, you double exposure (increase kVp 15% or double mAs). Or, for every 4cm reduced part thickness, you half your exposure (decrease kVp 15% or half your mAs) |
| For wet plaster casts you need to use ______ times your original exposure. | 3-4 times |
| For dry plaster casts you need to use ______ times your original exposure. | 2 times |
| For pure fiberglass / air splint you need to use _____ | No change in exposure |
| To bring out the maximum number of details or the most visible information is called its __________. | resolution |
| __________ is the electronic information acquired at the image receptor that is not yet processed to form a fully visible image. | The Latent Image |
| Know all of the variables that affect the level of exposure at the image receptor. | Ch. 25 lecture slide |
| Know all of the variables that affect subject contrast at the image receptor. | Ch. 25 lecture slide |
| Know all of the variables that affect image noise | Ch. 25 lecture slide |
| Know all of the variables that affect sharpness of recorded detail in the image. | Ch. 25 lecture slide |
| Know all of the variables that affect magnification and that affect shape distortion in the image. | Ch. 25 lecture slide |
| For the Exposure Trace Diagram, the thicker the shaded area, the _______ (greater/less) the exposure. | Greater |
| For the Exposure Trace Diagram, the thicker the shaded area, the slope represents: | The amount of penumbra (blur) – (the steeper the slope the sharper image) |
| Define Image Resolution: | The ability to distinguish the individual parts of an object or closely adjacent images |
| Two most important qualities of Image Resolution are the: | Image contrast from the visibility functions, and Sharpness from the recognizability functions. |
| What is Spatial Resolution is measured in? | LP/mm (line pairs / mm) |
| The ____________ is the last set of lines resolved before this blur point is reached | Spatial frequency |
| T/F: We need at least two pixels need to be covered (x-rayed) to produce any image | True |
| ______ is what is used to measure contrast resolution | MTF (modulation transfer function) |
| Spatial resolution is limited by ____________ no matter digital, CR or film. | Focal spot size |
| T/F: Small FS = higher special resolution (less than 300 mA) | True |
Created by:
rdwilliams
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