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Vocabulary
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Absorbed dose | Amount of energy (x rays) absorbed by irradiated tissue |
| Air kerma | Measurement of radiation intensity in the air |
| Kerma | Kinetic energy released in matter |
| Atelectasis | Lung collapse |
| Atlas | C1 Ring-like structure with no vertebral body and very short spinous process |
| Atomic number | Number of protons in the nucleus of an atom |
| Attenuation | Absorption of the x-ray beam in matter (human body) |
| Automatic Exposure Control (AEC) | Circuit in the x-ray machine that automatically terminates the exposure time when a predetermined quantity of x-rays has been detected |
| Axis | C2 vertebra on which the atlas rotates to turn the head from side to side |
| Blow-out fracture | opening between the orbital floor and maxillary sinus. Usually caused by a blow to the eye |
| Bremsstrahlung radiation | Created when an electron enters the tungsten anode of the x-ray tube, misses the tungsten electrons and gets very near the nucleus. The electron slows down and deviates. Loss of energy creates an x-ray photon |
| Brightness | Density. Describes the overall radiographic image appearance on the display monitor |
| Cardiophrenic angles | Inferior medial corners of the lungs |
| Characteristic radiation | Created when an electron enters the tungsten anode of the x-ray tube and knocks out a K-shell electron. Interaction produces an x-ray photon |
| Compton effect | Interaction of radiation with the human body tissues. x-ray photon is scattered from the body rather than going directly through to expose the film. Effect is undesirable |
| Contrast resolution | Ability to distinguish anatomic structures of similar subject contrast such as liver-spleen and gray matter-white matter |
| Costophrenic angles | Inferior lateral corners of the lungs |
| Densitometer | Device that measures optical density on a film |
| Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) | Universally accepted standard for the storage, transmission and display of medical images |
| Diode | Electronic device that permits current to flow in one direction |
| Dynamic range | Number of gray shades that an imaging system can produce |
| Effective dose (EfD) | Used to calculate the upper limits of occupational exposure permissible |
| Equivalent dose (EqD) | Absorbed dose multiplied by a radiation weighting factor. |
| Fat pad sign | Radiographic evidence of displacement of the fat pad in the joint region of the elbow that indicates fracture involving elbow joint |
| Gonion | The angle of the mandible |
| Gray (Gy) | The SI unit of measure for radiation absorbed dose. Subdivided into air exposure (Gy-a) and tissue exposure (Gy-t) |
| Inverse square law | Law that states that x-ray intensity is inversely proportional to the square of the distance from the source |
| Ionizing radiation | Radiation that, when passing through the body tissues, produces positively or negatively charges particles |
| Joint effusion | Increased fluid in the joint capsule |
| Latent image | Image contained in the film before it is processed |
| Latitude | Term used to describe the range of densities that can be recorded on an x-ray film |
| Picture Archival and Communications System (PACS) | System used in the radiology department to transmit images to remote locations and to store images for long-term use |
| Photoelectric effect | Interaction of radiation in the body tissues. X-ray photon is totally absorbed in the body tissues |
| Potential difference (Volt) | Force or strength of the electrons flowing within an electrical circuit |
| Prime factors of exposure | Milliamperage (mA), Exposure time (S), Kilovoltage (kVp), and Source-image receptor (SID) |
| Quantum mottle | Grainy or mottled appearance of the image. Usually caused by insufficient radiation exposure for the body part. |
| Rectification | Process of changing alternating current into direct current to produce x-rays |
| Recorded detail | Sharpness of the structures in the image. Detail, sharpness and resolution are sometimes used |
| Remnant radiation | Radiation that exits or leaves the body and exposes the film |
| Roentgen | Unit measuring the amount of radiation intensity in the air. The amount of radiation measured before it is absorbed in the body |
| Sievert (Sv) | Unit measuring the effective radiation dose to a patient |
| Signal-to-noise ratio | Ability of the digital system to convert x-ray input electrical signal into useful radiographic image |
| Smoothing | Result of averaging each pixel's frequency with surrounding pixel values to remove high-frequency noise |
| Spatial resolution | Ability to distinguish between adjacent structures. Amount of detail or sharpness of an image |
| Thermionic emmision | Process by which electrons are "boiled off" from the tungsten filament in the x-ray tube. Filament is heated during exposure. Electrons are then forced into the anode, creates x-rays |
| Window level | Adjustment of the brightness or density of a digital image |
| Window width | Adjustment of the contrast of a digital image |
Created by:
Pixiegirl73
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