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Chloramphenicol

QuestionAnswer
Mode of action Bacteriostatic . Potent inhibitor of microbial protein synthesis . Binds irreversibly to 50s subunit and inhibits the peptidyl transferase step of protein synthesis..
Antimicrobial activity Wide spectrum . Active against both aerobic and anaerobic gram + and - organisms. Bactericidal to certain drugs H.influenzae, N. Meningitis , streptococcus pneumoniae
Pharmacokinetics Half life 5 hours. Available as oral, Parentaral and topical preparations. Widely distributed in body fluids and tissues.
Excretion Kidneys
Adverse effects Nausea , vomiting , diarrhea . Oral and vaginal candidiasis . Haematological effects.
Toxicity to neonates Grey baby syndrome
Drug interactions Irreversibly inhibits hepatic microsomal cytochrome p450 system . Enzyme induction due to phenobarbital and rifampicin ahortens the half life of chloramphenicol.
Therapeutic uses Bacterial meningitis, Typhoid fever, Rickettsial disease, Topical application
Fusidic acid Acts by inhibiting protein synthesis
Antimicrobial activity Narrow spectrum steroid antibiotic. Active mainly against gram +. Used against beta lactamase producing staphylococcus.
Pharmacokinetics Half life 5 hours. Widely distributed in body. Excretd in urine.
Adverse effects Mild gi disturbances. Reversible jaundice. Rarely rashes and blood disorders.
Uses In osteomyelitis, Staphylococcal endocarditis .
Topical preparations used for Staphylococcal skin infections, Eradication of staphylococcal nasal carriers, Staphylococcal conjunctivitis
Created by: Angel thili
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