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MED104
Medical terminology review! :)
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| arthr/o | joint |
| cardi/o, coron/o | heart |
| enter/o | small intestine |
| gastr/o | stomach |
| hepat/o, hepatic/o | liver |
| neur/o | nerve |
| hem/o, hemat/o | blood |
| my/o, muscul/o | muscle |
| angi/o, vas/o, vascul/o | vessel (most commonly refers to blood vessel, but can also refer to other types of vessels as well) |
| derm/o, dermat/o, cutane/o | skin |
| pneum/o, pneumat/o, pneumon/o, pulmon/o | air, lung |
| gen/o | creation, cause |
| hydr/o | water |
| morph/o | change |
| myc/o | fungus |
| necr/o | death |
| orth/o | straight |
| path/o | suffering, disease |
| phag/o | eat |
| plas/o | formation |
| py/o | pus |
| scler/o | hard |
| sten/o | narrowing |
| troph/o | nourishment, development |
| xen/o | foreign |
| -ac, -al, -ar, -ary, -eal, -ic, -tic, -ous | pertaining to These suffixes turn the root into an adjective. |
| -ia, -ism | condition These suffixes turn the root into a noun. |
| -ium | tissue, structure This suffix turns the root into a noun. |
| -y | condition, procedure This suffix turns the root into a noun. |
| -icle, ole, ule, ula | small These suffixes transform a term's meaning to a smaller version of the root. |
| -iatrics, iatry | medical science |
| -iatrist, | specialist in medicine of |
| -ist | specialist |
| -logist | specialist in the study of |
| -logy | study of |
| -algia, dynia | pain |
| -cele | hernia (a bulging tissue into an area where it doesn't belong) |
| -emia | blood condition |
| -iasis | presence of |
| -itis | inflammation |
| -malacia | abnormal softening |
| -megaly | enlargement |
| -oid | resembling |
| -oma | tumor |
| -osis | condition |
| -pathy | disease |
| -penia | deficiency |
| -ptosis | drooping |
| -rrhage, -rrhagia | excessive flow |
| -rrhea | flow |
| -rrhexis | rupture |
| -spasm | involuntary contraction |
| -centesis | puncture |
| -gram | written record |
| -graph | instrument used to produce a record |
| -graphy | writing procedure |
| -meter | instrument used to measure |
| -metry | process of measuring |
| -scope | instrument used to look |
| -scopy | process of looking |
| -desis | binding, fixation |
| -ectomy | removal |
| -pexy | surgical fixation |
| -plasty | reconstruction |
| -rraphy | suture |
| -stomy | creation of an opening |
| -tomy | incision |
| -a (singular) | -ae (plural) |
| -ax (singular) | -aces (plural) |
| -ix (singular) | -ices (plural) |
| -is (singular) | -es (plural) |
| -ma (singular) | -mata (plural) |
| -on (singular) , um (singular) | -a (plural) |
| -us (singular) | -i (plural) |
| -y (singular) | -ies (plural) |
| a-, an- | not |
| anti-, contra- | against |
| de- | down, away from |
| ante-, pre- | before |
| pro- | before, on behalf of |
| brady- | slow |
| tachy- | fast |
| post- | after |
| re- | again |
| ab- | away |
| ad- | towards |
| circum-, peri- | around |
| e-, ec-, ex- | out |
| ecto-, exo-, extra | outside |
| en-, endo-, intra- | in, inside |
| epi- | upon |
| sub- | beneath |
| inter- | between |
| bi- | two |
| hemi-, semi- | half |
| hyper- | over |
| hypo- | under |
| macro- | large |
| micro- | small |
| mono-, uni- | one |
| oligo- | few |
| pan- | all |
| poly-, multi- | many |
| con-, syn-, sym- | with, together |
| dys- | bad |
| eu- | good |
| acute | it just started recently or is a sharp, severe symptom |
| chronic | it has been going for a while now |
| exacerbation | it has been getting worse |
| abrupt | all of a sudden |
| febrile | to have a fever |
| afebrile | to not have a fever |
| malaise | not feeling well |
| progressive | more and more each day |
| symptom | something a patient feels |
| noncontributory | not related to the specific problem |
| lethargic | a decrease in level of consciousness; in a medical record, this is generally an indication that a patient is really sick |
| genetic/hereditary | it runs in the family |
| alert | able to answer questions; responsive; interactive |
| oriented | being aware of who he or she is, where he or she is, and the current time; a patient who is aware of three is "oriented x 3" |
| marked | it really stands out |
| unremarkable | another way of saying normal |
| ausculation | to listen |
| percussion | to hit something and listen to the resulting sound or feel for the resulting vibration; drums are a percussion instrument |
| palpation | to feel |
| impression | another way of saying assessment |
| diagnosis | what the healthcare professional thinks the patient has |
| differential diagnosis | a list of conditions the patient may have based on the symptoms exhibited and the results of the exam |
| benign | safe |
| malignant | dangerous; a problem |
| degeneration | to be getting worse |
| etiology | the cause |
| remission | to get better or improve; most often used when discussing cancer; remission does not mean cure |
| idiopathic | no known specific cause; it just happens |
| localized | stays in a certain part of the body |
| systemic/generalized | all over the body (or most of it) |
| morbidity | the risk of being sick |
| mortality | the risk for dying |
| prognosis | the chances for things getting better or worse |
| occult | hidden |
| pathogen | the organism that causes the problem |
| lesion | diseased tissue |
| recurrent | to have again |
| sequelae | problems resulting from a disease or injury |
| pending | waiting for |
| disposition | what happened to the patient at the end of the visit; often used at the end of ED notes to reference where the patient went after the visit (home, the ICU, normal hospital bed) |
| discharge | literally, to unload; it has two meanings: 1. to send home (to unload the patient from the health care setting to home) 2. fluid coming out of a part of the body (your body unloading a fluid) |
| prophylaxis | preventative treatment |
| palliative | treating the symptoms, but not actually getting rid of the cause |
| observation | watch, keep an eye on |
| reassurance | to tell the patient the problem is not serious or dangerous |
| supportive care | to treat the symptoms and make the patient feel better |
| sterile | extremely clean, germ-free conditions; especially important during medical procedures and surgery |
| proximal | closer in to the center |
| distal | farther away from the center |
| lateral | out to the side |
| medial | toward the middle |
| ventral/antral/anterior | the front |
| dorsal/posterior | the back |
| cranial | towards the top |
| caudal | towards the bottom |
| superior | above |
| inferior | below |
| prone | lying down on belly |
| supine | lying down on back |
| contralateral | opposite side |
| ipsilateral | same side |
| unilateral | one side |
| bilateral | both sides |
| dorsum | the top of the hand or foot |
| plantar | sole of the foot |
| palmar | the palm of the hand |
| sagittal | divides the body in slices right to left |
| coronal | divides the body in slices from front to back |
| transverse | divies the body from top to bottom |
| physician | a skill healthcare provider who attended and graduated medical school |
| pediatrician | a physician with special training in caring for children |
| surgeon | a physician qualified to treat patients surgically, that is, by means of operation or invasive procedure |
| anesthesiologist | a physician with special training in pain sedation and pain control |
| physician assistant (PA) | a midlevel healthcare provider who works under the license of a supervising physician; requires postgraduate training |
| nurse practitioner (NP) | a nurse with postgraduate training that serves as a midlevel healthcare provider; works under the license of a supervising physician |
| emergency medical technician (EMT) | specially trained in the emergency care of a patient before and/or during transport to a medical facility |
| speech therapist | specially trained in evaluating and treating problems with speech and/or swallowing |
| occupational therapist | specially trained in evaluating and treating problems with performing daily activities at home, work, or school |
| physical therapist | specially trained in evaluating and treating physical impairments including disabilities or recovery from an injury |
| respiratory therapist | specially trained in treating patients' respiratory issues under the guidance of a healthcare provider |
| dietician | specially trained in evaluating the nutritional status of a patient and developing an appropriate diet plan |
| licensed practical nurse (LPN) licensed vocational nurse (LVN) | trained and certified to provide basic care to a patient |
| registered nurse (RN) | an advanced level nurse who has completed an associate's or bachelor's degree; often assists with patient care planning and patient education |
| medical assistant | trained to carry out basic administrative and clinical tasks under the guidance of a healthcare provider |
| pathologist | a physician with special training in both evaluating the causes and effects of disease and in laboratory medicine |
| medical laboratory technician | trained in performing laboratory testing on bodily fluids |
| phlebotomist | trained in the removal of blood from the body for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes |
| radiologist | a physician specially trained in evaluating images of the body to diagnose illness or injury |
| radiology technician | trained to perform radiologic testing or administer radiation therapy under the direction of a healthcare provider |
| ultrasonographer | trained in performing ultrasound imaging on a patient |
| pharmacist | trained and licensed in preparing and dispensing medicine |
| pharmacy technician | trained to assist a pharmacist with pharmacy-related tasks |
| patient service coordinator | handles administrative tasks and coordinates patient care |
| medical transcriptionist | trained in converting the voice-recorded dictation of health care providers into text format |
| chief complaint (CC) | the main reason for the patient's visit |
| history of present illness (HPI) | the story of the patient's problem |
| review of systems (ROS) | description of individual body systems in order to discover any symptoms not directly related to the main problem |
| past medical history (PMHx) | other significant past illnesses, such as high blood pressure (HTN), asthma, or diabetes (DM) |
| past surgical history (PSHx) | any of the patient's past surgeries |
| family history (FHx) | any significant illnesses that run in the patient's family |
| social history (SHx) | a record of habits like smoking, drinking, drug abuse, and sexual practices that can impact health |
| CCU | coronary care unit |
| ECU | emergency care unit |
| ER | emergency room |
| ED | emergency department |
| ICU | intensive care unit |
| PICU | pediatric intensive care unit |
| NICU | neonatal intensive care unit |
| SICU | surgical intensive care unit |
| PACU | post anesthesia care unit |
| L&D | labor and delivery |
| OR | operating room |
| post-op | after surgery |
| pre-op | before surgery |
| (R) | right |
| (L) | left |
| ♂ | male |
| ♀ | female |
| (B) | both sides |
| ↑ | increased |
| ↓ | decreased |
| VS | vital signs |
| T | temperature |
| BP | blood pressure |
| HR | heart rate |
| RR | respiratory rate |
| Ht | height |
| Wt | weight |
| BMI | body mass index (measurement of body fat based on height and weight) |
| I/O | intake/output: the amount of fluids a patient has taken in (by IV or mouth) and produced (usually just urine output) |
| Dx | diagnosis |
| DDx | differential diagnosis |
| Tx | treatment |
| Rx | prescription |
| H&P | history and physical |
| CC | chief complaint (the main reason for the visit) |
| HPI | history of present illness (the story of the symptoms) |
| ROS | review of systems (anything else not directly related to the chief complaint) |
| PMHx | past medical history |
| FHx | family history |
| NKDA | no known drug allergies |
| PE | physical exam |
| Pt | patient |
| y/o | years old |
| h/o | history of |
| PCP | primary care provider |
| f/u | follow up |
| SOB | shortness of breath |
| HEENT | head, eyes, ears, nose, throat |
| PERRLA | pupils are equal, round, reaction to light and accomodation |
| NAD | no acute distress |
| CV | cardiovascular |
| RRR | regular rate and rhythm (description of a normal heart on exam) |
| CTA | clear to auscultation (description of normal sounding lungs) |
| WDWN | well developed, well nourished (the patient is growing or has grown appropriately and does not appear to be malnourished) |
| A&O | alert and oriented (the patient can answer questions and is aware of what's going on |
| WNL | within normal limits |
| NOS | not otherwise specified |
| NEC | not elsewhere specified |
| PO | per os (by mouth) |
| NPO | nil per os (nothing by mouth) |
| PR | per rectum (anal) |
| IM | intramuscular |
| SC | subcutaneous (under the skin) |
| IV | intravenous |
| CVL | central venous line |
| PICC | peripherally inserted central catheter |
| Sig | instructions short for signa, from Latin, for "label" |
| BID | twice daily, from the Latin phrase bis in die, which means "two in a day" |
| TID | three times daily, from the Latin phrase ter in die, which means "three in a day" |
| Q | every x, example Q4hr would mean every 4 hours or Q3 days would be every 3 days. |
| QD* (prohibited in many healthcare settings) | daily, from the Latin phrase quaque die, which means "each day" |
| QID* (prohibited in many healthcare settings) | four times daily, from the Latin phrase quater in die, which means "four in a day" |
| QHS | at night, from the Latin phrase quaque hora somni, which means "each night at the hour of sleep" |
| AC | before meals, from the Latin phrase ante cibum, which means "before food" |
| PC | after meals, from the Latin phrase post cibum, which means "after food" |
| PRN | as needed, from the Latin phrase per re nata, which means "as the need arises" |
| ad lib | as desired |
| adip/o, lip/o, steat/o | fat |
| cutane/o, derm/o, dermat/o | skin |
| pil/o, trich/o | hair |
| hidr/o | sweat |
| squam/o | scale |
| onych/o, ungu/o | nail |
| seb/o, sebace/o | oil |
| crypt/o | hidden |
| ichthy/o | scaly |
| kerat/o | hard, horny |
| pachy/o | thick |
| xer/o | dry |
| rhytid/o | wrinkle |
| xanth/o | yellow |
| erythr/o | red |
| leuk/o, alb/o | white |
| melan/o | black |
| abrasion | scraping away of skin |
| albinism | lack of pigment in skin causing patient to look white |
| albino | a person afflicted with albinism |
| alopecia | baldness |
| anhidrosis | lack of sweating |
| comedo | a hair follicle that is plugged with sebum (black head, white head) |
| cyanidrosis | blue sweat |
| depigmentation | loss of pigmentation |
| dermatalgia | skin pain |
| dermatodynia | skin pain |
| dermatolysis | loose skin |
| erythema | redness |
| erythroderma | red skin |
| hemathidrosis | sweating blood |
| hidropoiesis | the formation of sweat |
| hyperhidrosis | excessive sweating |
| hyperkerotesis | excessive growth of horny skin |
| hypermelanosis | excessive melanin in the skin |
| hyperpigmentation | excessive pigment in the skin |
| hypohidrosis | diminished sweating |
| hypomelanosis | diminished melanin in the skin |
| hypopigmentation | diminished pigment in the skin |
| leukoderma | white skin |
| macerate | to soften the skin |
| onychophagia | eating or biting the nails |
| pruritus | itching |
| rhytidermia | wrinkled skin |
| sebopoiesis | formation of oil |
| seborrhea | discharge of oil |
| trichomegaly | abnormally thick hair |
| urticaria | swollen, raised itchy areas of the skin |
| xanthoderma | yellow skin |
| xeroderma | dry skin |
| xerosis | condition of dryness |
| macule, macula (freckle) | small, flat, discolored area |
| patch (vitiligo) | larger, flat, discolored area |
| papule | a small solid mass |
| plaque | a solid mass on the surface of the skin |
| nodule | a solid mass that extends deeper into the skin |
| tumor | a larger solid mass |
| vesicle | a small blister |
| bulla | a smaller blister |
| pustule | a pus-filled blister |
| abscess | a localized collection of pus in the body |
| erosion | the loss of skin |
| ulcer | a sore |
| excoriation | a scratch |
| fissure | a crack in the skin |
| scale | skin flaking off |
| crust | a dried substance |
| vascular lesion | wounds related to blood vessels |
| cherry angioma | a small blood vessel tumor |
| teleangiectasia (spider angioma) | the overexpansion of the end of a blood vessel; sometimes called a spider angioma because of how it looks on the skin |
| petechia | a small bruise |
| ecchymosis | a larger bruise |
| cicatrix | scar |
| keloid | overgrowth of scar tissue |
| epidermal tumors | tumors on the skin |
| nevus | mole |
| dysplastic nevus | a mole with bad changes/formations |
| verruca | wart |
| culture & sensitivity (C&S) | growing microorganisms in isolation in order to determine which drugs they might respond tto |
| biopsy (Bx) | removal of tissue in order to examine it (with your own two eyes) |
| excisional biopsy | removal of an entire lesion for examination (to cut it out) |
| incisional biopsy | removal of a portion of a lesion for examination (to cut into it) |
| dermatoscope | instrument use to look at the skin |
| dermoscopy | procedure for looking at the skin |
| adipocele | a hernia filled with fatty tissue |
| dermatofibroma | a fibrous skin tumor |
| erythrocyanosis | a red and/or blue discoloration of the skin |
| keratogenic | causing horny tissue development |
| keratosis | horny tissue condition |
| necrosis | tissue death |
| onychia | a nail condition |
| onychocryptosis | an ingrown nail |
| onycholysis | the loss of a nail |
| onychomalacia | abnormal softening of a nail |
| onychopathy | nail disease |
| onychophagia | eating (biting) the nail |
| pachyderma | tough skin |
| paronychia | a condition of tissue around a nail |
| steatoma | a fatty tumor |
| xanthoma | a yellow tumor |
| decubitous ulcer | bed sore |
| dermatosis | skin condition |
| dermopathy | skin disease |
| atopic dermatitis | a chronic dry inflammatory disease characterized by itching |
| hypertrichosis | excessive growth of hair |
| ichthyosis | a condition in the skin is dry and scaly resembling fish scales |
| postpartum alopecia | baldness experienced by women after pregnancy |
| psoriasis | a skin condition characterized by patches of itchy, red ,scaly skin |
| sclerodermatitis | inflammation of the skin accompanied by thickening and hardening |
| scleronychia | thickening and hardening of nails |
| xanthosis | yellowing of the skin |
| actinic keratosis | horny skin condition caused by sun exposure |
| basal cell carcinoma | cancerous tumor of basal skin cells |
| hidradenoma | tumor of the sweat gland |
| malignant cutaneous neoplasm | a harmful new formation of skin tissue (i.e. skin cancer) |
| malignant melanoma | a harmful tumor of melanin cells |
| squamous cell carcinoma | cancerous tumor of squamous skin cells |
| acne vulgaris | inflammation of the skin follicles |
| dermatomycosis | a fungal skin condition |
| hidradenitis | inflammation of sweat glands |
| impetigo | a highly contagious bacterial infection of the skin |
| mycodermatisis | inflammation of the skin caused by fungus |
| mycosis | a fungal condition |
| onychodystrophy | poor nourishment (and development) of the nail |
| onychomycosis | a fungal condition of the nail |
| tinea | a fungal condition often called "ringworm" due to its circular appearance |
| trichomycosis | a fungal condition of the hair |
| actinic dermatisis | inflammation of the skin caused by sun exposure |
| dermatitis | inflammation of the skin |
| seborrheic dermatitis | inflammation of the skin caused by the discharge of oil |
| steatis | inflammation of the fat tissue |
| first-degree burn | burn affecting only the epidermis or superficial layer of skin |
| second-degree burn | deeper burn affecting both the epidermis and dermis |
| third-degree burn | deep burn affecting the epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous layer |
| fourth-degree burn | deep burn affecting not just all layers of the skin (epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous layers) but also underlying tissues like muscle, fascia, or bone |
| -physis | growth |
| oste/o | bone |
| crani/o | head, skull |
| cervic/o | neck |
| spondyl/o | vertebra |
| lumb/o | loin, lower back |
| brachi/o | arm |
| dactyl/o | finger |
| carp/o | wrist |
| cost/o | rib |
| femor/o | femur |
| tibi/o | tibia |
| tars/o | ankle |
| chondr/o | cartilage |
| arthr/o | joint |
| burs/o | bursa |
| ten/o, tend/o, tendin/o | tendon |
| muscul/o, my/o, myos/o | muscle |
| fasci/o | fascia |
| ton/o | tone, tension |
| kinesi/o | movement, motion |
| tax/o | arrangement, order, coordination |
| ankyl/o | stiff, bent |
| costalgia | rib pain |
| metatarsalgia | pain in the bones of the foot |
| ostalgia | bone pain |
| osteodynia | bone pain |
| spondylodynia | vertebra pain |
| tibialgia | tibia (shin) pain |
| ankylosis | joint stiffness |
| arthralgia | joint pain |
| arthrodynia | joint pain |
| cervicodynia | neck pain |
| crepitation | a crackling sound heard in the joints |
| genu valgum | knock-kneed |
| genu varum | bowlegged |
| bradykinesia | slow movement |
| dyskinesia | inability to control movement |
| dystaxia | poor coordination |
| dystonia | poor muscle tone |
| graphospasm | writer's cramp |
| hyperkinesia | increase in muscle movement or activity |
| hypokinesia | decrease in muscle movement or activity |
| hypotonia | decrease in muscle tone or tightness |
| hypertonia | increase in muscle tone or tightness |
| myalgia | muscle pain |
| myasthenia | muscle weakness |
| myodynia | muscle pain |
| myospasm | involuntary contraction of the muscles |
| tenalgia | tendon pain |
| arthrocentesis | puncture of a joint |
| arthroscope | instrument for looking into a joint |
| arthroscopy | procedure of looking into a joint |
| electromyogram | a record of electrical activity of a muscle |
| electromyography | procedure for measuring the electrical activity of a muscle |
| myography | procedure for studying muscles |
| arthrogram | visual record of a joint |
| arthrography | procedure used to examine a joint |
| computed axial tomography (CAT, or CT) | imaging procedure using a computer to produce cross sections along an axis |
| kyphosis | humped back, abnormal forward curvature of the upper spine |
| lordosis | sway back; abnormal forward curvature of the lower spine |
| scoliosis | crooked back; abnormal lateral curvature of the spine |
| carpitis | wrist inflammation |
| craniomalacia | softening of the skull |
| exostosis | an abnormal growth of bone out of another bone |
| fracture | a bone break |
| osteodystrophy | poor bone development |
| ostelysis | bone loss |
| osteonecrosis | death of bone |
| osteosclerosis | abnormal hardening of bone |
| polydactyly | having more than the normal number of fingers or toes |
| sponylitis | vertebra inflammation |
| spondylomalacia | softening of the vertebra |
| syndactyly | fusion (sometimes called webbing) of fingers or toes |
| tarsoptosis | flat feet |
| bursolith | a stone in a bursa |
| effusion | fluid buildup |
| hemarthrosis | blood in a joint |
| hydrarthrosis | water (fluid) in a joint |
| pyarthrosis | pus in a joint |
| atrophy | underdevelopment, decrease, or loss of muscle tissue |
| hypertrophy | overdevelopment of muscle tissue |
| myocele | hernia of muscle tissue |
| myolysis | loss of muscle tissue |
| myomalacia | softening of a muscle |
| myosclerosis | hardening of a muscle |
| myotasis | stretching of a muscle |
| myotonia | muscle tone |
| ankylosing spondylitis | a stiffening inflammation of the vertebrae |
| chondro-osteodystrophy | poor development of bones and cartilage |
| craniosynostosis | the premature fusing of the skull bones |
| dactylitis | finger inflammation |
| hypertrophic spondylitis | overdevelopment of vertebra causing inflammation |
| osteitis | bone inflammation |
| osteochondritis | inflammation of bone and cartilage |
| osteogenesis imperfecta | a disease in which bones do not develop correctly, also known as brittle bone disease |
| osteomalacia | softening of the bone |
| osteomyelitis | inflammation of the bone and bone marrow |
| osteopathy | bone disease |
| osteopenia | reduction in bone volume |
| osteoporosis | loss of bone density, the condition of holes in the bone |
| spinal stenosis | abnormal narrowing of the spine |
| spondyloarthropathy | joint disease of the vertebrae |
| spondylolisthesis | the slipping or dislocation of vertebra |
| spondylolysis | loss of vertebra structure |
| spondylosis | vertebra condition |
| arthritis | join inflammation |
| rheumatoid arthritis | inflammation of the joints; it is called rheumatoid because its symptoms resemble those of rheumatic fever |
| septic arthritis | inflammation of the joints caused by infection |
| osteoarthritis | inflammation of the joints, specifically those that bear weight |
| arthrocele | hernia of a joint |
| arthrodysplasia | abnormal joint development |
| arthropathy | joint disease |
| arthrosclerosis | hardening of the joints |
| buristis | inflammation of the bursa |
| bursopathy | disease in the bursa |
| subluxation | partial dislocation of a joint |
| achondroplasia | a defect in the formation of cartilage |
| chondromalacia | softening of cartilage |
| costochondritis | inflammation of the cartilage of the rib |
| fasciitis | inflammation of the fascia |
| muscular dystrophy | disorder characterized by poor muscle development |
| myoclonus | violent muscle contraction |
| myopathy | muscle disease |
| myofasciitis | inflammation of muscle and fascia |
| myositis | muscle inflammation |
| necrotizing fasciitis | inflammation of the fascia, causing the death of tissue |
| polymyositis | inflammation of multiple muscles |
| tardive dyskinesia | condition characterized by the loss of muscle control |
| tendinitis, tendonitis | tendon inflammation |
| chondroma | a tumorlike growth of cartilage tissue |
| myoma | muscle tumor |
| myosarcoma | a cancerous muscle tumor |
| osteocarinoma | bone cancer tumor |
| osteochondroma | a tumor made up of bone and cartilage, also known as an exostosis made up of cartilage |
| osteosarcoma | cancerous tumor arising out of bone cells |
| cerebr/o, encephal/o | brain |
| cerebell/o | cerebellum |
| lob/o | lobe |
| cephal/o | head |
| crani/o | head, skull |
| mening/o, meningi/o | meninges (membrane surrounding the brain and spinal cord) |
| dur/o | dura (tough outer membrane surrounding the brain and spinal cord) |
| gangli/o | nerve bundle |
| myel/o | spinal cord, bone marrow |
| esthesio/o | feeling, sensation |
| phas/o | speech |
| phren/o, psych/o (phren can also mean diaphragm) | mind |
| somn/o, somn/i, hypn/o | sleep |
| gnosi/o | know |
| -mania | excessive desire |
| -phobia | excessive fear or sensitivity |
| -paresis | slight or partial paralysis |
| tax/o | arrangement, order, coordination |
| -plegia | paralysis |
| -asthenia | weakness |
| aphasia | inability to speak |
| ataxia | lack of coordination |
| catatonia | condition characterized by reduced muscle tone |
| delirium | brief loss of mental function |
| dementia | loss/decline in mental function |
| dyskinesia | difficulty moving |
| dyslexia | difficulty reading |
| dysphasia | difficulty speaking |
| dystonia | condition characterized by involuntary muscle movements |
| insomnia | inability to sleep |
| myoclonus | muscle twitching |
| myospasm | involuntary muscle spasm |
| neurasthenia | nerve weakness |
| somnambulism | sleep walking |
| syncope | fainting; losing consciousness due to temporary loss of blood flow to brain |
| cephalgia | head pain |
| cephalodynia | head pain |
| encephalagia | brain pain |
| neuralgia | nerve pain |
| neurodynia | nerve pain |
| hemiparesis | partial paralysis on half of the body |
| hemiplegia | paralysis on half of the body |
| monoparesis | partial paralysis of one limb |
| monoplegia | paralysis of one limb |
| paralysis | complete loss of sensation and motor function |
| paresis | partial paralysis characterized by varying degrees of sensation and motor function |
| causalgia | painful sensation of burning |
| dysesthesia | bad feeling |
| hyperesthesia | increased sensation |
| paresthesia | abnormal sensation (usually numbness or tingling in the skin) |
| pseudethesia | false sensation |
| synesthesia | condition where one sensation is experienced as another |
| acrophobia | fear of heights |
| agoraphobia | fear of outdoor spaces |
| hydrophobia | fear of water |
| kleptomania | desire to steal |
| photophobia | excessive sensitivity to light |
| pyromania | desire to set fire |
| echoencephalography | procedure used to examine the brain using sound waves |
| electroencephalography | procedure used to examine the electrical activity of the brain |
| lumbar puncture | inserting a needle into the lumbar region of the spine in order to collect spinal fluid, commonly called a spinal tap |
| cerebral angiography | procedure used to examine blood vessels |
| myelogram | image of the spinal cord, usually done using x-ray |
| positron emission topography (PET) scan | an imaging procedure that uses radiation (positrons) to produce cross sections of the brain |
| transcranial Doppler sonography | an imaging technique that produces an image of the brain using sound waves sent through the skull |
| cerebellitis | inflammation of the cerebellum |
| cerebral atrophy | wasting away of brain tissue |
| duritis | inflammation of the dura |
| encephalocele | hernia of the brain (normally through a defect in the skull) |
| hematoma | a tumorlike mass made up of blood |
| cranial hematoma | a hematoma beneath the skull |
| epidural hematoma | a hematoma located on top of the dura |
| intracerebral hematoma | a hematoma located inside the brain |
| subdural hematoma | a hematoma located beneath the dura |
| macrocephaly | abnormally large head |
| microcephaly | abnormally small head |
| meningocele | a hernia of the meninges |
| myelocele | a hernia of the spinal cord |
| myelomalacia | abnormal softening of the spinal cord |
| myelomeningocele | a hernia of the spina cord and meninges |
| neuritis | nerve inflammation |
| neuroma | a nerve tumor |
| neurosclerosis | hardening of nerves |
| polyneuritis | inflammation of multiple nerves |
| agnosia | inability to comprehend |
| apathy | lack of emotion |
| hyperkinesia | increase in muscle movement or activity |
| neurasthenia | nerve weakness |
| neuroglycopenia | deficiency of sugar that interferes with normal brain activity |
| nystagmus | involuntary back and forth eye movements |
| prosopagnosia | inability to recognize faces |
| afferent nerve | a nerve that carries impulses towards the central nervous system |
| efferent nerve | a nerve that carried impulses away from the central nervous system |
| neurogenic | originating from/created by nerves |
| psychiatrist | doctor who specializes in the treatment of the mind |
| psychiatry | branch of medicine that focuses on the study of the mind |
| psychogenic | originating in/created by the mind |
| psychologist | doctor who specializes in the study of the mind |
| psychosomatic | pertaining to the relationship between the body and the mind |
| idiopathic | having no known cause or origin |
| interictal | time between seizures |
| postictal | time after a seizure |
| preictal | time before a seizure |
| tonic | pertaining to muscle tone (normally weak or unresponsive) |
| clonus | muscle spasm or twitching |
| tonic-clonic seizure | a seizure characterized by both a tonic and a clonic phase |
| cerebrovascular accident (CVA) | an accident involving the blood vessels of the brain; a stroke |
| stroke | loss of brain function caused by interruption of blood flow/supply to the brain |
| hemorrhagic stroke | a stroke where the blood loss is caused by the rupture of a blood vessel |
| ischemic stroke | a stroke where the blood loss is caused by a blockage |
| transient ischemic attack (TIA) | a "mini-stroke" caused by the blockage of a blood vessel, which resolves (goes away) within 24 hours |
| cerebrovascular disease | a disease of the blood vessels of the brain |
| cerebral aneurysm | the widening or abnormal dilation of a blood vessel in the brain |
| cerebral atherosclerosis | the hardening of the artery in the brain caused by the buildup of fatty plaque |
| cerebral embolism | the blockage of a blood vessel in the brain caused by a foreign object (embolus) such as fat or bacteria |
| cerebral thrombosis | the blockage of a blood vessel in the brain caused by a blood clot |
| craniomalacia | abnormal softening of the skull |
| craniosclerosis | abnormal hardening of the skull |
| craniostenosis | abnormal narrowing of the skull |
| craniosynostosis | premature fusing of the skull bones |
| hydrocephaly | abnormal accumulation of spinal fluid in the brain |
| astrocytoma | a tumor arising from astrocyte glial cells |
| ganglioma | ganglion tumor |
| glioblastoma | a brain tumor arising from glioblast cells |
| meningioma | tumor of the meninges |
| cerebromeningitis | inflammation of the brain and meninges |
| encephalitis | inflammation of the brain |
| encephalomyelitis | inflammation of the brain and spinal cord |
| encephalomyeloneuropathy | disease of the brain, spinal cord, and nerves |
| encephalopathy | disease of the brain |
| encephalopyosis | a pus-filled abscess in the brain |
| gangliitis | inflammation of a ganglion |
| intracerebral hemorrhage | excessive bleeding inside the brain |
| meningopathy | disease |
| meningitis | inflammation of the meninges |
| meningoencephalitis | inflammation of the meninges and brain |
| myelitis | inflammation of the spinal cord |
| myelodysplasia | defective formation of the spinal cord |
| myelopathy | disease of the spinal cord |
| neuroarthropathy | disease of the joint associated with nerves |
| neuroencephalomyelopathy | disease of the nerves, brain, and spinal cord |
| neuropathy | disease of the nervous system |
| poliomyelitis | inflammation of the gray matter of the spinal cord |
| polyneuropathy | disease affecting multiple nerves |
| amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) | a degenerative disease of the central nervous system causing loss of muscle control. Literally, the hardening (sclerosis) of the nerve cells on the sides (lateral) of the spine leading to the loss of muscle tissue from disuse |
| anorexia | an eating disorder characterized by the patient's refusal to eat |
| autism | a psychiatric disorder characterized by withdrawal from communication with others; the patient is focused only on the self |
| bullimia | an eating disorder characterized by overeating usually followed by forced vomiting |
| cerebral palsy | paralysis caused by damage to the area of the brain responsible for movement |
| dysphoria | a negative emotional state |
| epilepsy | a disease marked by seizures |
| euphoria | a positive emotional state |
| hypomania | a mental state just below mania |
| manic depression (bipolar) | a psychiatric disorder characterized by alternating bouts of excitement and depression |
| narcolepsy | a disease characterized by sudden, uncontrolled sleepiness |
| neurosis | a nerve condition |
| psychosis | a mind condition |
| psychopathy | a mental illness |
| schizophrenia | a mental illness characterized by delusions, hallucinations, and disordered speech |
| ocul/o, ophthalm/o, opt/o | eye |
| lacrim/o, dacry/o | tear |
| -opia, -opsia | vision condition |
| blephar/o | eyelid |
| corne/o, kerat/o | cornea |
| conjunctiv/o | conjunctiva |
| scler/o | sclera (the white of the eye) |
| vitre/o | vitreous liquid (also called vitreous humor) |
| cycl/o | ciliary body |
| retin/o | retina |
| ir/o, irid/o | iris |
| phac/o, phak/o | lens |
| aur/o, ot/o | ear |
| acous/o, audi/o | sound, hearing |
| -acusis | hearing condition |
| cerumin/o | ear wax |
| salping/o | eustachian tube |
| tympan/o, myring/o | eardrum |
| mastoid/o | mastoid process |
| labyrinth/o | labyrinth |
| vestibul/o | vestibule |
| cochle/o | cochlea |
| akinetopsia | inability to see objects in motion |
| ambiopia | double vision |
| amblyopia | decreased vision; when it occurs in one eye, it is referred to as lazy eye |
| asthenopia | weak vision |
| diplopia | double vision |
| hemianopsia | blindness in half the visual field |
| hyperopia | farsightedness |
| myopia | nearsightedness |
| presbyopia | decreased vision by old age |
| scotopia | adjustment of the eye to seeing in darkness |
| blepharoplegia | paralysis of the eyelid |
| blepharospasm | involuntary contraction of the eyelid |
| dacryoadenalgia | pain in the tear gland |
| dacryocystalgia | pain in the tear sac |
| dacryohemorrhea | blood in the tears |
| ophthalmalgia | eye pain |
| ophthalmoplegia | eye paralysis |
| xerophthalmia | dry eyes |
| astigmatism | a vision problem caused by the fact that light rays entering the eyes aren't focused on a single point in the back of the eye |
| corneal xerosis | dryness of the cornea |
| keratalgia | pain in the cornea |
| cyclopegia | paralysis of the ciliary body |
| iridalgia | pain in the iris |
| miosis | abnormal contraction of the pupil |
| mydriasis | abnormal dilation of the pupil |
| scotoma | dark spot in the visual field |
| hyperacusis | excessively sensitive hearing |
| hypoacusis | excessively insensitive hearing |
| osteoacusis | hearing through bone |
| presbycusis | loss of hearing in old age |
| mastoidalgia | pain in the mastoid |
| otalgia | ear pain |
| otodynia | ear pain |
| otorrhea | discharge from the ear |
| tinnitus | ringing in the ears |
| vertigo | sensation of moving through space (while stationary) |
| ophthalmoscope | instrument for looking at the eye |
| optomyometer | device used to determine the strength of eye muscles |
| phacoscope | instrument for looking at the lens |
| retinoscope | instrument for looking at the retina |
| tonometer | instrument for measuring tension or pressure in the eye (intraocular pressure) |
| binocular | pertaining to both eyes |
| iridokenesis | the movement of the iris |
| lacrimation | formation of tears (crying) |
| nasolacrimal | pertaining to the nose and tear system |
| ophthalmic | pertaining to the eye |
| ophthalmologist | eye specialist |
| optic | pertaining to the eye |
| optokinetic | pertaining to eye movement |
| optometrist | specialist in eye measuring |
| retinal | pertaining to the retina |
| blepharedema | eyelid swelling |
| blepharoptosis | drooping eyelid |
| blepharopyorrhea | discharge of pus from the eyelid |
| dacryolith | hard formation (stone) in the tear system |
| dacryopyorrhea | discharge of pus in the tears |
| ectropion | outward turning of the eyelid, away from the eye |
| entropion | inward turning of the eyelid, toward the eye |
| exopthalmus | protrusion of the eyes out of the eye socket |
| nystagmus | involuntary back and forth movement of the eyes |
| strabismus | condition where the eyes deviate when looking at the same object |
| esotropia | inward turning of the eye, toward the nose |
| exotropia | outward turning of the eye, away from the nose |
| keratomalacia | abnormal softening of the cornea |
| pterygium | winglike growth of conjunctival tissue extending to the cornea |
| scleromalacia | abnormal softening of the sclera |
| papilledema | swelling of the topic nerve where it enters the retina |
| phacomalacia | abnormal softening of the lens |
| phacosclerosis | abnormal hardening of the lens |
| audiogram | record produced by an audiometer |
| audiometer | instrument for measuring hearing |
| audiometry | procedure for measuring hearing |
| otoscope | procedure for examining the ear |
| pneumatic otoscopy | procedure for examining the ear using air |
| salpingoscope | instrument for examining eustachian tubes |
| tympanometry | procedure for measuring the eardrum |
| audiologist | hearing specialist |
| aural | pertaining to the ear |
| otolaryngologist | specialist in the ear and throat |
| otoneurologist | specialist in the nerve connections between the ear and brain |
| otorhinolaryngologist | specialist in the ear, nose, and throat |
| otosteal | pertaining to the bones of the ear |
| salpingopharyngeal | pertaining to the eustachian tubes and the throat |
| ceruminoma | benign tumor of the cerumen-secreting glands of the ear |
| ceruminosis | excessive formation of ear wax |
| macrotia | abnormally large ears |
| microtia | abnormally small ears |
| otopyorrhea | discharge of pus from the ears |
| otosclerosis | hearing loss caused by the hardening of the bones of the middle ear |
| tympanic perforation | tear or hole in the eardrum |
| tympanosclerosis | hardening of the eardrum |
| belpharitis | inflammation of the eyelid |
| blepharconjunctivitis | inflammation of the eyelid and the conjunctiva |
| dacryocystitis | inflammation of the tear sac |
| dacryoadenitis | inflammation of the tear gland |
| dacryohemorrhea | discharge of blood in tears |
| dacryolithiasis | presence of hard formations (stones) in the tear system |
| dacryostenosis | narrowing of the tear duct |
| glaucoma | eye disease that causes vision loss by damaging the optic nerve |
| oculomycosis | fungal eye condition |
| oculopathy | eye disease |
| ophthalmatrophy | atrophy (wasting away) of the eye |
| ophthalmitis | inflammation of the eye |
| ophthalmomycosis | fungal eye condition |
| ophthalmomyitis | inflammation of the eye muscles |
| ophthalmopathy | eye disease |
| trichiasis | condition caused by eyelashes growing backward and coming in contact with the eye |
| conjunctivitis | inflammation of the conjunctiva (also known as pink eye) |
| keratitis | inflammation of the cornea |
| keratopathy | disease of the cornea |
| sclerectasia | overexpansion of the sclera |
| scleroiritis | inflammation of the sclera and iris |
| sclerokeratitis | inflammation of the sclera and cornea |
| sclerokeratoiritis | inflammation of the sclera, cornea, and iris |
| aniridia | absence of an iris |
| aphakia | absence of a lens |
| cataract | opacity (cloudiness) of the lens of the eye |
| corneal abrasion | scratch on the cornea |
| cyclokeratitis | inflammation of the ciliary body and cornea |
| endophthalmitis | inflammation of the inside of the eye (often a complication of intraocular surgery) |
| iridemia | bleeding from the iris |
| iridocyclitis | inflammation of the iris and ciliary body |
| iridokeratitis | inflammation of the iris and cornea |
| iridopathy | disease of the iris |
| iritis | inflammation of the iris |
| optic neuritis | inflammation of the optic nerve |
| phakitis | inflammation of the lens |
| retinitis | inflammation of the retina |
| retinopathy | disease of the retina |
| retinosis | retinal condition |
| cerumen impaction | buildup of ear wax blocking ear canal |
| mastoiditis | inflammation of the mastoid |
| otitis externa | inflammation of the outer ear |
| otomycosis | fungal ear condition |
| aerotitis | inflammation of the ear caused by air |
| conductive hear loss | hearing loss caused by sound not getting to the middle/inner ear (due to blockages) |
| myringitis | inflammation of the ear drum |
| myringodermatitis | inflammation of the eardrum and surrounding skin |
| myringomycosis | fungal condition of the eardrum |
| otitis media | inflammation of the middle ear |
| otosclerosis | hearing loss caused by the hardening of the bones of the middle ear |
| rhinosalpingitis | inflammation of the nose and eustachian tubes |
| acoustic neuroma | tumor on the acoustic nerve |
| cochleitis | inflammation of the cochlea |
| labyrinthitis | inflammation of the labyrinth |
| sensorineural hearing loss | hearing loss caused by sound not being transmitted from the inner ear to the brain (due to problems with the sensory organs or nerves) |
| vestibular neuritis | inflammation of the vestibular nerve |
| vestibulitis | inflammation of the vestibule |
| aden/o | gland |
| adren/o, adrenal/o | adrenal gland |
| cortic/o | outer surface |
| gonad/o | gonads (sex organs) |
| pancreat/o | pancreas |
| pituitar/o, hypophys/o | pituitary gland |
| thym/o | thymus |
| thyr/o, thyroid/o | thyroid |
| gluc/o, glucos/o, glyc/o | sugar |
| crin/o | to secrete |
| hormon/o | hormone |
| ket/o | ketone body |
| -tropin | stimulating hormone |
| -uria | urine condition |
| adenalgia | gland pain |
| adrenal virilism | development of male secondary characteristics caused by excessive secretion of the adrenal gland |
| adrenarche | beginning of adrenal secretion (at puberty) |
| hirsutism | excessive growth of facial and body hair in women |
| amenorrhea | lack of menstrual flow |
| gyenecomastia | development of breast tissue in males |
| hypergonadism | condition in which there is excessive secretion of the sex glands |
| hypogonadism | condition in which there is undersecretion of the sex glands |
| menarche | beginning or first menstruation |
| thelarche | beginning of breast development |
| hypoglycemic | pertaining to low blood sugar |
| pancreatalgia | pain in the pancreas |
| polydipsia | excessive thirst |
| polyphagia | excessive eating |
| polyuria | excessive urination |
| acromegaly | abnormal enlargement of the extremities |
| galactorrhea | discharge of milk |
| pituitary dwarfism | abnormally short height caused by undersecretion of growth hormone from the pituitary gland |
| pituitary gigantism | abnormally tall height caused by oversecretion of growth hormone from the pituitary gland |
| exophthalmos | protrusion of the eyes out of the eye socket |
| goiter | swollen thyroid gland |
| thyrocele | another name for goiter |
| thyromegaly | enlargement of the thyroid |
| thyroptosis | downward displacement (drooping) of the thyroid |
| acidemia | abnormal acidity of the blood |
| alkalemia | abnormal alkalinity (opposite of acidity) of the blood |
| calciuria | calcium in the urine |
| chloremia | increased chloride in the blood |
| euglycemia | good blood sugar |
| glucosuria | sugar in the urine |
| hypercalcemia | excessive calcium in the blood |
| hypercholesterolemia | excessive cholesterol in the blood |
| hyperglycemia | excessive sugar in the blood |
| hyperkalemia | excessive potassium in the blood |
| hyperlipidemia | excessive fat in the blood |
| hypernatremia | excessive sodium in the blood |
| ketonuria | ketone bodies in the urine |
| uremia | presence of urinary waste in the blood |
| adrenaline | hormone secreted by the adrenal gland |
| epinephrine | hormone secreted by the adrenal gland |
| adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) | hormone secreted by the pituitary gland that stimulated the cortex of the adrenal gland |
| corticotropin | shorter name for adrenocorticotropic hormone |
| glucagon | hormone secreted by the pancreas that stimulates the liver to increase blood sugar levels |
| glucocorticoid | hormone produced by the adrenal cortex with a role in carbohydrate metabolism |
| gonadotropin | hormone that stimulates gonads |
| insulin | hormone secreted by the pancreas that controls the metabolism and update of sugar and fats |
| thyrotropin | hormone that stimulates the thyroid |
| adenomegaly | abnormal enlargement of a gland |
| adrenomegaly | abnormal enlargement of the adrenal gland |
| euthyroid | normal functioning thyroid |
| gluconeogenesis | formation of glucose from noncarbohydrate sources |
| glycolysis | breakdown of sugar |
| glycopenia | deficiency of sugar |
| gonadogenesis | creation/development of gonads |
| metabolism | breakdown of matter into energy |
| endocrine | to secrete internally |
| endocrinologist | specialist in internal secretions |
| exocrine | to secrete externally (through ducts to the surface of an organ, i.e. sweat glands and salivary glands) |
| glycemic index | ranking of food based on the way it affects sugar levels in the blood |
| ketogenesis | creation of ketone bodies |
| thyroid function tests | tests performed to evaluate the function of the thyroid |
| cholangiopancreatography | procedure to examine the bile ducts and pancreas |
| endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography | procedure used to examine the bile ducts and pancreas in which an endoscope is passed backward from the digestive tract into the bile duct |
| adenitis | inflammation of a gland |
| adenopathy | gland disease |
| adenosis | gland condition |
| dysmetabolic syndrome | combination of medical disorders associated with faulty metabolism |
| ketosis | condition characterized by elevated levels of ketones in the blood |
| polyadenopathy | disease involving many glands |
| adrenal insufficiency | condition in which the adrenal glands underproduce necessary hormones |
| adrenalitis | inflammation of the adrenal gland |
| adrenocortical insufficiency | condition in which the adrenal cortex underproduces necessary hormones |
| adrenocorticohyperplasia | overdevelopment of the cortex of the adrenal gland |
| congenital adrenal hyperplasia | genetic disease in which the adrenal gland is overdeveloped, resulting in a deficiency of certain hormones and an overproduction of others |
| diabetes mellitus | metabolic disease characterized by excessive urination and hyperglycemia |
| diabetic ketoacidosis | acidity of blood caused by the presence of ketone bodies produced when the body is unable to burn sugar; thus, it must burn fat for energy |
| pancreatic pseudocyst | abnormally expanded area in the pancreas resembling a cyst |
| pancreatitis | inflammation of the pancreas |
| pancreatolith | stone in the pancreas |
| pancreatolithiasis | presence of a stone in the pancreas |
| hyperpituitarism | overfunctioning of the pituitary gland |
| hypophysitis | inflammation of the pituitary gland |
| hypopituitarism | condition caused by undersecretion of the pituitary gland |
| panhypopituitarism | defect or absent function of the entire pituitary gland |
| pituitary infarction | death of the pituitary gland |
| hyperparathyroidism | overproduction by the parathyroid glands |
| hyperthyroidism | overproduction by the thyroid |
| hypoparathyroidism | underproduction of by parathyroid |
| hypothyroidism | underproduction by the thyroid |
| thyroiditis | inflammation of the thyroid |
| thyrotoxicosis | cancerous tumor of a gland |
| adenoma | glandular tumor |
| adrenal adenoma | tumor of the adrenal gland |
| insulinoma | tumor that secretes insulin (found in the insulin-producing cells in the pancreas) |
| parathyroidoma | tumor of the parathyroid |
| pituitary adenoma | tumor on the pituitary gland |
| thymoma | tumor of the thymus |
| continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion | continuous injection of insulin into the blood from a pump inserted under the skin |
| thyroidotoxin | substance poisonous to the thyroid gland |
| adenectomy | removal of a gland |
| ketogenic diet | diet that aids in the production of ketones in the body |
| thymectomy | removal of the thymus |
| adrenalectomy | removal of the adrenal gland |
| laparoscopic adrenalectomy | removal of an adrenal gland by means of a laparoscope (instrument inserted into the abdomen for viewing) |
| pancreatectomy | removal of the pancreas |
| pancreatolithectomy | removal of a stone in the pancreas |
| hypophysectomy | removal of the pituitary gland |
| parathyroidectomy | removal of the parathyroid |
| thyroidectomy | removal of the thyroid |
| thyroidotomy | incision into the thyroid |
| thyoparathyroidectomy | removal of the thyroid and parathyroid glands |
| ACTH | adrenocorticotropic hormone |
| BS | blood sugar |
| CGM | continuous glucose monitor |
| DI | diabetes insipidus |
| DM | diabetes mellitus |
| ERCP | endoscopic retrograde cholangiopanreatography |
| FBS | fasting blood sugar |
| GDM | gestational diabetes mellitus |
| GH | growth hormone |
| GTT | glucose tolerance test |
| HgA1C | hemoglobin A1C test (used by diabetes patients to monitor blood sugar levels) |
| HRT | hormone replacement therapy |
| TFT | thyroid function test |
| TSH | thyroid-stimulating hormone (also known as thyrotropin) |
| T3 | triiodothyronine (one of two primary hormones produced by the thyroid) |
| T4 | thyroxine (one of two primary hormones produced by the thyroid) |
| coagul/o | coagulation |
| thromb/o | clot |
| cyt/o | cell |
| phleb/o, ven/o | vein |
| lymph/o | lymph |
| tonsill/o | tonsils |
| splen/o | spleen |
| immun/o | immune system |
| -penia | deficiency |
| anemia | reduction of red blood cells noticed by the patient as weakness and fatigue |
| ecchymosis | large bruise |
| hematoma | mass of blood within an organ, cavity, or tissue |
| hemophilia | condition in which blood doesn't clot, thus causing excessive bleeding |
| hemorrhage | excessive blood loss |
| petechia | small bruise |
| reperfusion injury | injury to tissue that occurs after blood flow is restored |
| lymphadenopathy | any disease of the lymph gland (node); used to refer to noticeably swollen lymph nodes, especially in the neck |
| lymphedema | swelling caused by abnormal accumulation of lymph, usually in the extremities |
| splenalgia | pain in the spleen |
| splenodynia | pain in the spleen |
| anisocytosis | condition characterized by a great inequality in the size of red blood cells |
| elliptocyte | oval red blood cells |
| elliptocytosis | condition characterized by an increased number of oval-shaped red blood cells |
| embolism | blockage in a blood vessel caused by an embolus |
| embolus | mass of matter present in the blood |
| erythrocyte | red blood cell |
| erythrocytosis | abnormal incrase in the number of red blood cells |
| hematopoiesis | formation of blood cells |
| hemolysis | breakdown of blood cells |
| leukocyte | white blood cell |
| leukocytosis | increase in the number of white blood cells |
| leukopenia | deficiency in white blood cells |
| macrocytosis | condition characterized by large red blood cells |
| microcytosis | condition characterized by small red blood cells |
| myelopoiesis | formation of bone marrow |
| neutropenia | deficiency in neutrophils |
| normocyte | normal-sized red blood cell |
| oligocythemia | deficiency in the number of red blood cells |
| pancytopenia | deficiency in all cellular components of blood |
| phagocytosis | process in which phagocytes (a type of white blood cell) destroy (or eat) foreign microorganisms or cell debris |
| poikilocytosis | condition characterized by red blood cells in a variety of shapes |
| polycythemia | excess of red blood cells |
| reticulocyte | immature red blood cell, the root comes from its netlike appearance |
| spherocyte | red blood cell that assumes a spherical shape |
| thrombocyte | cell that helps blood clot; also known as a platelet |
| thrombocytopenia | deficiency in the number of platelets (clot cells) |
| thrombocytosis | increase in the number of platelets (clot cells) |
| thromboembolism | blockage of a vessel (embolism) caused by a clot that has broken off from where it formed |
| thrombogenic | capable of producing a blood clot |
| thrombosis | the formation of a blood clot |
| thrombus | blood clot |
| asplenia | absence of a spleen or of spleen function |
| hepatosplenomegaly | enlargement of the liver and spleen |
| lymphocyte | lymph cell |
| lymphopenia | abnormal deficiency in lymph |
| splenectopy | displacement of the spleen; sometimes called floating spleen |
| splenolysis | breakdown (destruction) of spleen tissue |
| splenomalacia | softening of the spleen |
| splenomegaly | enlargement of the spleen |
| splenoptosis | downward displacement (drooping) of the spleen |
| thymic hyperplasia | overdevelopment of the thymus |
| antibody | substance produced by the body in response to an antigen |
| antigen | substance that causes the body to produce antibodies |
| hematocrit | test to judge or separate the blood; it is used to determine the ratio of red blood cells to total blood volume |
| hematology | study of the blood |
| hemoglobin | iron-containing pigment in red blood cells that carry oxygen to cells |
| hypoperfusion | inadequate flow of blood |
| immunoglobin | protein that provides protection (immunity) against disease |
| immunology | study of the immune system |
| immunologist | specialist in the study of the immune system |
| lymphangiogram | record of the study of lymph vessels |
| lymphangiography | procedure to study the lymph vessels |
| perfusion | circulation of blood through tissue |
| phlebology | study of veins |
| phlebotomist | specialist in drawing blood |
| phlebotomy | incision into a vein; another name for drawing blood |
| sphygmomanometer | fancy name for the device used to measure blood pressure |
| auto immune diease | diseased caused by the body's immune system attacking the body's own healthy tissue |
| coagulopathy | any disease that deals with problems in blood coagulation |
| deep vein thrombosis | formation of a blood clot in a vein deep in the body, most commonly the leg |
| hemoglobinpathy | disease of the hemoglobin |
| hypercoagulability | increased ability of the blood to coagulate |
| immunocompromised | having an immune system incapable of responding normally and completely to a pathogen or disease |
| immunodeficiency | reduction in the activity of the body's immune system |
| ischemia | blockage of blood flow to an organ |
| phlebarteriectasia | dilation of blood vessels |
| spherocytosis | condition in which red blood cells assume a spherical shape |
| thrombophlebitis | inflammation of vein caused by clot |
| aplastic anemia | anemia caused by red blood cells not being formed in sufficient quantities |
| hemolytic anemia | anemia caused by the destruction of red blood cells |
| iron deficiency anemia | anemia caused by inadequate iron intake |
| bilirubinemia | presence of bilirubin in the blood |
| hypervolemia | increased blood volume |
| hypovolemia | decreased blood volume |
| septicemia | presence of disease-causing microorganisms in the blood |
| hepatosplenitis | inflammation of the liver and spleen |
| hypersplenism | increased spleen activity |
| lymphadenitis | inflammation of a lymph gland (node) |
| lymphangiectasia | dilation of lymph vessel, normally noticed by swelling in the extremities |
| lymphangitis | inflammation of lymph vessels |
| mononucleosis | condition characterized by an abnormally large number of mononuclear leukocytes |
| myelodysplasia | disease characterized by poor production of blood cells by the bone marrow |
| osteomyelitis | inflammation of the bone and bone marrow |
| splenitis | inflammation of the spleen |
| splenopathy | any disease of the spleen |
| splenorrhexis | rupture of the spleen |
| thymopathy | disease of the thymus |
| tonsillitis | inflammation of a tonsil |
| leukemia | cancer of the blood or bone marrow characterized by the abnormal increase in white blood cells |
| lymphoma | tumor originating in lymphocytes |
| myeloma | cancerous tumor of the bone marrow; when tumors are present in several bones, it is called multiple myeloma |
| thymoma | tumor of the thymus |
| anticoagulant | drug that prevents the coagulation of blood |
| hemostatic | drug that stops the flow of blood |
| thrombolytic | drug that breaks down blood clots |
| laparosplenectomy | surgical removal of the spleen through the abdomen |
| lymphadenectomy | surgical removal of the lymph gland (node) |
| lymphadenotomy | incision into a lymph gland (node) |
| nephresplenopexy | surgical fixation of the spleen and a kidney |
| splenectomy | surgical removal of the spleen |
| thymectomy | surgical removal of the thymus |
| tonsillectomy | surgical removal of a tonsil |
| apheresis | general term for a process, similar to dialysis, that draws out a patient's blood, removes something from it, then returns the rest of the blood to the patient's body |
| cyapharesis | to remove cellular material |
| plasmapharesis | to remove plasma |
| plateletpharesis | to remove platelets (for the purpose of donating them to patients that need platelets) |
| transfusion | infusion of blood into a patient from another source |
| AIDS | acquired immunodeficiency syndrome |
| ALL | acute lymphoblastic leukemia |
| AML | acute myeloid leukemia |
| BMT | bone marrow transplant |
| CBC | complete blood count |
| CML | chronic myeloid leukemia |
| DIC | disseminated intravascular coagulopathy |
| EBV | Epstein-Barr virus |
| ESR | erythrocyte sedimentation rate |
| Hct | hematocrit |
| Hgb | hemoglobin |
| HIV | human immunodeficiency virus |
| HSM | hepatosplenomegaly |
| HUS | hemolytic uremic syndrome |
| INR | international normalized ratio |
| ITP | idiopathy thrombocytopenic purpura |
| IV | intravenous |
| IVIG | intravenous immunoglobin |
| LAD | lymphadenopathy |
| PLT | platelet count |
| PT | prothrombin time |
| PTT | partial thromboplastin time |
| RBC | red blood count; red blood cell |
| TTP | thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura |
| WBC | white blood count; white blood cell |
| valvul/o | valve |
| atri/o | atrium (upper chamber) |
| sept/o | septum (plural: septa) |
| ventricul/o | ventricle (lower chamber) |
| aort/o | aorta |
| arteri/o | artery |
| ather/o | fatty plaque |
| angina pectoris | oppressive pain in the chest caused by irregular blood flow to the heart |
| arrhythmia | irregular heartbeat |
| dysrhythmia | irregular heartbeat (arrhythmia is more common) |
| palpitation | rapid or irregular beating of the heart |
| pectoralgia | chest pain |
| aortalgia | pain in the aorta |
| diaphoresis | profuse sweating |
| hemorrhage | loss of blood |
| phlebalgia | pain in a vein |
| encodardium | tissue lining the inside of the heart |
| myocardium | heart muscle tissue |
| pericardium | tissue around the heart |
| bradycardia | slow heartbeat |
| cardiomegaly | enlarged heart |
| cardiotoxic | poisonous to the heart |
| cyanosis | bluish appearance to the skin - a sign that tissue isn't receiving enough oxygen |
| murmur | abnormal heart sound |
| tachycardia | fast heartbeat |
| vena cava | large-diameter vein that gathers blood from the body and returns it to the heart |
| inferior vena cava | portion of the vena cava that gathers blood from the lower portion of the body |
| superior vena cava | portion of the vena cava that gathers blood from the upper portion of the body (head and arms) |
| angiogenesis | development of blood vessels |
| angiolith | stone forming in the wall of a blood vessel |
| angiopoiesis | formation of blood vessels |
| angiosclerosis | hardening of a blood vessel |
| aortectasia | dilation of the aorta |
| aortic stenosis | narrowing of the aorta |
| aortolith | stone deposit in the wall of the aorta |
| ateriolith | stone in the artery |
| arteriorrhexis | rupture of an artery |
| arteriosclerosis | hardening of an artery |
| atherogenesis | formation of fatty plaque on the wall of an artery |
| athersclerosis | hardening of an artery due to buildup of fatty plaque |
| occlusion | closing or blockage of a passage |
| phlebosclerosis | hardening of a vein |
| thrombus | blood clut |
| varicose veins | an enlarged, dilated vein toward the surface of the skin |
| vasospasm | involuntary contraction of a blood vessel |
| venosclerosis | hardening of a vein |
| venospasm | involuntary contraction of a vein |
| venostasis | trapping of blood in an extremity due to compression |
| angiogram | record of the blood vessels |
| angiography | procedure to describe the blood vessels |
| aortogram | record of the aorta |
| arteriogram | record of an artery |
| venogram | record of a vein |
| angioscope | device for looking into a blood vessel |
| cardiac catheterization | process of inserting a tube (catheter) into the heart |
| echocardiogram | image of the heart produced using sound waves; the same procedure as an ultrasound performed on pregnant women, but instead it is performed on a heart |
| echocardiography | use of sound waves to produce an image of the heart; the same procedure |
| electrocardiogram | use of sound waves to produce an image of the heart; the same procedure as an ultrasound performed on pregnant women, but instead it is performed on a heart |
| electrocardiography | procedure for recording the electrical currents of the heart |
| sonography | use of sound waves to produce diagnostic images; also called ultrasound |
| stress electrocardiogram | records electrical signals of the heart while the patient experiences increases of exercise stress |
| transesophageal echocardiogram | record of the heart using sound waves performed by inserting the transducer into the esophagus |
| vascular endoscopy | procedure to look inside a blood vessel |
| blood pressure | the force exerted by blood on the walls of blood vessels |
| diastolic pressure | pressure exerted on blood vessels when heart is relaxed |
| systolic pressure | pressure exerted on blood vessels when heart is contracting |
| cardiologist | heart specialist |
| cardiology | branch of medicine dealing with the heart |
| cardiovascular | pertaining to the heart and blood vessels |
| circulation | moving of blood from the heart through the vessels and back to the heart |
| coronary circulation | circulation of blood from the heart to the heart muscle (the heart always feeds itself first) |
| pulmonary circulation | circulation of blood from the heart to the lungs (to oxygenate it) |
| systemic circulation | circulation of blood from the heart to the rest of the body |
| angiocarditis | inflammation of the heart vessels |
| atrial fibrillation | quivering or spontaneous contraction of muscle fibers in the heart's atrium |
| atrial septal defect (ASD) | flaw in the septum that divides the two atria of the heart |
| cardiac arrest | cessation of functional circulation |
| cardiomyopathy | disease of the heart muscle |
| congestive cardiomyopathy | heart cavity is unable to pump all the blood out of itself (congestive) and becomes stretched (dilated), which causes weak/slow pumping of blood |
| dilated cardiomyopathy | another term for congestive cardiomyopathy |
| hypertrophic cardiomyopathy | heart muscle becomes enlarged and blocks blood flow |
| restrictive cardiomyopathy | heart muscle hardens, restricting the expansion of the heart, thus limiting the amount of blood it can pump to the rest of the body |
| carditis | inflammation of the heart |
| congestive heart failure (CHF) | hear failure characterized by the heart cavity being unable to pump all the blood out of itself (congestive) |
| congenital heart defect | flaw in the structure of the heart present at birth |
| coronary thrombosis | obstruction of a coronary artery by a clot |
| endocarditis | inflammation of the tissue lining the inside of the heart |
| myocardial infarction | death of heart muscle tissue |
| myocardial inschemia | blockage of blood to the heart muscle |
| myocarditis | inflammation of the heart muscle |
| pericardial effusion | fluid pouring out into the tissue around the heart |
| pericarditis | inflammation of the tissue around the heart |
| valvulitis | inflammation of a heart valve |
| ventricular septal defect (VSD) | flaw in the septum that divides the two ventricles of the heart |
| aneurysm | bulge in a blood vessel |
| angioedema | swelling of blood vessels |
| angioma | blood vessel tumor |
| aortic aneurysm | flow of blood backward from the aorta into the heart; caused by a weak heart valve |
| aortitis | inflammation o the aorta |
| arteriopathy | disease of the arteries |
| arteritis | inflammation of the arteries |
| deep vein thrombosis | formation of a blood clot in a vein deep in the body, most commonly the leg |
| hypertension | high blood pressure |
| hypotension | low blood pressure |
| normotension | normal blood pressure |
| phlebitis | inflammation of the veins |
| thrombophlebitis | inflammation of vein caused by clot |
| vasculitis | inflammation of blood vessels |
| AAA | abdominal aortic aneurysm |
| A-fib | atrial fibrillation |
| ASD | atrial septum defect |
| BP | blood pressure |
| CABG | coronary artery bypass graft |
| CAD | coronary artery disease |
| CHF | congestive heart failure |
| CO | cardio output |
| CTA | computer tomographic angiography |
| DVT | deep vein thrombosis |
| ECHO | echocardiogram |
| EKG | electrocardiogram |
| HTN | hypertension |
| MI | myocardial infarction |
| MRA | magnetic resonance angiography |
| MVP | mitral valve prolapse |
| NSR | normal sinus rhythm |
| PCI | percutaneous coronary intervention |
| SCA | sudden cardiac arrests |
| SV | stroke volume |
| TEE | transesophageal echocardiogram |
| VSD | ventricular septal defect |
| adenoid/o | adenoid |
| tonsill/o | tonsil |
| nas/o, rhin/o | nose |
| laryng/o | larynx (voice box) |
| pharyng/o | pharynx (throat) |
| trache/o | trachea (windpipe) |
| sin/o, sinus/o | sinus |
| bronch/o, bronchi/o | bronchus |
| bronchiol/o | bronchiole |
| alveol/o | aleveolus (air sac) |
| stern/o | sternum |
| thorac/o, pector/o (also pectus), steth/o | chest |
| pleur/o | pleura |
| phren/o | diaphragm |
| ox/o | oxygen |
| spir/o, -pnea | breathing |
| capn/o | carbon dioxide |
| apnea | cessation of breathing |
| eupnea | good/normal breathing |
| tachypnea | rapid breathing |
| bradypnea | slow breathing |
| hypopnea | shallow breathing |
| hyperpnea | heavy breathing |
| dyspnea | difficulty breathing |
| orthopnea | able to breathe only in an upr |
| hyperventilation | overbreathing; the condition of having too much air flowing into and out of the lungs; leads to hypocapnia |
| hypoventilation | underbreathing; the condition of having too little air flowing into and out of the lungs; leads to hypercapnia |
| dysphonia | bad voice condition |
| epistaxis | a nosebleed |
| rhinorrhagia | excessive blood flow from the nose |
| rhinorrhea | runny nose |
| bronchospasm | involuntary contraction of the bronchus |
| phrenospasm | involuntary contraction of the diaphragm (also knows as the hiccups) |
| pleuralgia | pain in the pleura |
| pleurodynia | pain in the pleura |
| thoracalgia | chest pain |
| bronchorrhea | discharge from the bronchi |
| expectoration | coughing or spitting material out of the lungs |
| hemoptysis | coughing up blood |
| sputum | mucus discharged from the lungs by coughing |
| pectoriliquy | speaking from the chest; used as means of finding masses in the lung. Provider listening to a patient's chest asks the patient to whisper a word. The word will be audible in areas where fluid or a mass is present. Hence the chest "speaks" in those places. |
| pectus carinatum | a chest that protrudes like the keel of a ship |
| pectus excavatum | a chest that is hollowed out |
| percussion | striking the body surface |
| retraction | the sucking in of the skin around bones during inhalation, happens when someone is in respiratory distress |
| atelactasis | incomplete expansion |
| bronchioectasis | expansion of the bronchi |
| caseous necrosis | the death of tissue with a cheeselike appearance |
| chylothorax | chyle in the chest |
| empyema | pus inside the chest |
| hemothorax | blood in the chest |
| phrenoplegia | paralysis of the diaphragm |
| phrenoptosis | drooping of the diaphragm |
| pleural effusion | fluid pouring out into the pleura |
| pneumohemothorax | air and blood in the chest |
| pneumothorax | air in the chest |
| pulmonary edema | swelling in the lungs |
| pyothorax | pus in the hest |
| tracheostenosis | narrowing of the trachea |
| hypercapnia | excessive carbon dioxide |
| hypercarbia | excessive carbon dioxide |
| hypocapnia | insufficient carbon dioxide |
| hypocarbia | insufficient carbon dioxide |
| hypoxemia | insufficient oxygen in the blood |
| hypoxia | insufficient oxygen |
| computed tomography | an imaging procedure using a computer to cut |
| pulmonary angiography | an imaging procedure or recording pulmonary blood vessel activity |
| ventillation-perfusion scan (VQ scan) | a scan that tests whether a problem in the lungs is caused by airflow (ventilation) or blood flow (perfusion) |
| bronchoscopy | procedure to look inside the bronchi |
| capnography | procedure to record carbon dioxide levels |
| capnometer | instrument to measure carbon dioxide levels |
| endoscope | instrument to look inside |
| nasopharyngoscope | an instrument to look at the nose and throat |
| oximetry | procedure to measure oxygen levels |
| polysomnography | recording multiple aspects of sleep |
| pulmonary function tests (PFT) | a group of tests used to evaluate the condition and operation of the lungs |
| spirometry | procedure to measure breathing |
| thoracoscopy | examination of the chest |
| laryngitis | inflammation of the larynx |
| laryngotracheobronchitis | inflammation of the larynx, trachea, and bronchi |
| rhinitis | inflammation of the nasal passages |
| sinuitis | inflammation of the sinuses |
| sleep apnea | a condition where the patient ceases to breathe while asleep |
| tonsillitis | inflammation of the trachea |
| tracheomalacia | softening of the trachea |
| asthma | a disease causing episodic narrowing and inflammation of the airway |
| bronchiolitis | inflammation of the bronchiole |
| bronchitis | inflammation of the bronchi |
| chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) | a group of lung diseases characterized by continual blockage of lung passages |
| cystic fibrosis | a disease causing thick mucous buildup in the lungs and pancreas, named after the changes it causes to the lungs |
| diaphragmatocele | hernia of the diaphragm |
| emphysema | a disease that causes the alveoli to lose elasticity; emphysema patients can inhale but have difficulty exhaling |
| obstructive lung disorder | a lung disorder caused by a blockage |
| pleuritis | inflammation of the pleura |
| pleurisy | another word for pleuritis |
| pneumatocele | hernia of the lung |
| pnemoconiosis | a lung condition caused by dust |
| pnemonia | a lung condition |
| pneumonitis | inflammation of the lung |
| pulmonary embolism | blockage in the pulmonary blood supply |
| pulmonary neoplasm | new growth (tumor) in the lung |
| restrictive lung disorder | a lung disorder caused by the limiting of air into the lungs |
| bronchiogenic carcinoma | a cancerous tumor originating in the bronchi |
| mesothelioma | a cancerous tumor of the mesothelial cells lining the lungs |
| antitussive | a drug that prevents coughing |
| bronchodilator | a drug that expands the walls of the bronchi |
| expectorant | a drug that encourages the expulsion of material from the lungs |
| mucolytic | a drug that aids in the breakdown of mucus |
| nebulizer | a machine that administers respiratory medication by creating a "cloud" or mist that is inhaled by the patient |
| adenoidectomy | removal of the adenoids |
| intubate | to insert a breathing tube from the mouth down into the trachea, to provide breathing support |
| laryngectomy | removal of the larynx |
| palatoplasty | reconstruction of the palate |
| septoplasty | reconstruction of the septum |
| tonsillectomy | removal of the tonsils |
| tracheostomy | creating of an opening in the trachea |
| tracheotomy | incision into the trachea |
| endotracheal intubation | insertion of a tube inside the trachea |
| bronchoplasty | reconstruction of a bronchus |
| cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) | method of artificially maintaining blood flow and airflow when breathing and pulse have stopped |
| lobectomy | removal of a lobe |
| pleuroplexy | reattachment of the pleura |
| pneuomonectomy | removal of a lung |
| thoracentesis | puncture of the chest |
| thoracostomy | creating of an opening in the chest |
| thoracotomy | incision into the chest |
| ABG | arterial blood gas |
| ARDS | acute respiratory distress syndrome |
| Bx | biopsy |
| CF | cystic fibrosis |
| COPD | chronic obstructive pulmonary disease |
| CPAP | continuous positive airway pressure |
| CPR | cardiopulmonary resuscitation |
| CT | computer tomography |
| CTA | clear to auscultation |
| CXR | chest x-ray |
| DOE | dyspnea on exertion |
| ETT | endotracheal tube |
| LRTI | lower respiratory tract infection |
| LTB | laryngotracheobronchitis |
| MRI | magnetic resonance imaging |
| OSA | obstructive sleep apnea |
| PE | pulmonary embolism |
| PET | positron emission tomography |
| PFT | pulmonary function test |
| PSG | polysomnography |
| SOB | shortness of breath |
| T&A | tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy |
| TB | tuberculosis |
| URI/URTI | upper respiratory infection, upper respiratory tract infection |
| V/Q | ventilation-perfusion scan |
| or/o, stomat/o | mouth |
| gingiv/o | gums |
| dent/o, odont/o | tooth |
| gloss/o, lingu/o | tongue |
| esophag/o | esophagus |
| duoden/o | duodenum |
| jejun/o | jejunum |
| ile/o | ileum |
| col/o, colon/o | colon |
| sigmoid/o | sigmoid colon |
| an/o | anus |
| rect/o | ring |
| proct/o | anus and rectum |
| sial/o | saliva |
| bil/i, chol/e | bile (gall) |
| abdomin/o, celi/o, lapar/o | abdomen |
| cyst/o | bladder |
| doch/o | duct |
| peritone/o | peritoneum |
| aerodontalgia | tooth pain caused by exposure to air |
| aphagia | inability to eat |
| dentalgia | tooth pain |
| dyspepsia | bad digestion |
| esophagalgia | pain in the esophagus |
| eupepsia | good digestion |
| gastralgia | stomach pain |
| gastrodynia | stomach pain |
| gingivalgia | gum pain |
| gingivostomatisi | inflammation of the mouth and gums |
| hematemesis | vomiting blood |
| hyperemesis | excessive vomiting |
| odontalgia | tooth pain |
| odontodynia | tooth pain |
| stomatitis | inflammation of the mouth |
| stomatodynia | mouth pain |
| constipation | difficulty passing feces |
| diarrhea | passing fluid or unformed feces |
| dysentery | another name for diarrhea |
| enterodynia | pain in the intestines |
| hemorrhoid | inflammation of the veins surrounding the anus |
| rectalgia | rectal pain |
| cholecystalgia | pain in the gallbladder |
| jaundice | yellowing of the skin, tissue, and fluids caused by increased levels of bilirubin in the blood |
| icterus | another name for jaundice |
| sialorrhea | excessive salivation |
| gastromalacia | softening of the stomach |
| gastroparesis | partial paralysis of the stomach |
| gingivitis | inflammation of the gums |
| gingivoglossitis | inflammation of the tongue and gums |
| glossoplegia | paralysis of the tongue |
| odontoclasis | breaking of a tooth |
| stomatogastric | pertaining to the mouth and stomach |
| stomatosis | mouth condition |
| anophony | sound from the anus |
| flatus | medical term for passing gas |
| hernia | rupture or protrusion of an organ through the wall that normally contains it |
| steatorrhea | excessive fat discharged in the feces |
| ascites | retention of fluid in the peritoneum |
| biligenesis | formation of bile |
| cholelith | gallstone; literally a "stone in the bile" |
| hepatomalacia | softening of the liver |
| hepatomegaly | enlargement of the liver |
| hepatoptosis | downward displacement of the liver |
| pancreatolith | stone in the pancreas |
| sialoangiectasis | overexpansion of the salivary vessels |
| sialolith | stone in the saliva |
| sialostenosis | narrowing of the salivary glands |
| chloangiogram | record of the bile vessels (ducts) |
| choleangiography | procedure for mapping the bile vessels (ducts) |
| choleangiopancreatography | procedure for mapping the bile vessels (ducts) and pancreas |
| cholecystogram | record of the bile (gall) bladder |
| pancreatography | procedure for mapping the pancreas |
| anosigmoidoscopy | procedure for looking at the anus and sigmoid colon |
| colonoscopy | procedure for looking at the colon |
| endoscope | instrument used to look inside |
| endoscopy | procedure of looking inside |
| esophogastroduodenoscopy | procedure for looking inside the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum |
| esophagoscopy | procedure for looking inside the esophagus |
| fecal occult blood test (FOBT) | test of feces to discover blood not visibly apparent |
| gastroscope | instrument for looking at the stomach |
| gastroscopy | procedure for looking at the stomach |
| laparascope | instrument for looking inside the abdomen |
| laparascopy | procedure for looking inside the abdomen |
| nasogastric tube | tube inserted through the nose into the stomach |
| peritoneoscopy | procedure for looking at the peritoneum |
| proctoscope | instrument for looking at the anus and rectum |
| proctoscopy | procedure for looking at the anus and rectum |
| sigmoidoscope | instrument for looking at the sigmoid colon |
| sigmoidoscopy | procedure for looking at the sigmoid colon |
| bariatrics | branch of medicine dealing with weight issues |
| denifrice | toothpaste |
| dentist | specialist in teeth |
| dentistry | branch of medicine dealing with teeth |
| gastroenterologist | specialist in the stomach and intestines |
| gastroenterology | study of the stomach and intestines |
| orthodontics | branch of medicine dealing with the straightening of teeth |
| orthodontist | specialist in straightening teeth |
| proctologist | specialist in the anus, rectum, and colon |
| proctology | branch of medicine dealing with anus, rectum, and colon |
| epigastric | upper center portion of the abdomen |
| hypochondriac | upper side portions of the abdomen |
| hypogastric | lower center portion of the abdomen |
| inguinal | lower side portions of the abdomen |
| lumbar | middle side portions of the abdomen |
| umbilical | middle center portion of the abdomen |
| esophagitis | inflammation of the esophagus |
| gastritis | inflammation of the stomach |
| gastroenteritis | inflammation of the stomach and intestines |
| gastroenterocolitis | inflammation of the stomach, intestines, and colon |
| gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) | disease in which acid comes up from the stomach and damages the esophagus |
| gingival hyperplasia | overformation of gum tissue |
| glossopathy | disease of the tongue |
| glossotrichia | overdevelopment of bumps on the tongue, making the tongue appear to be hairy |
| periodontitis | inflammation of the region around the teeth |
| pyloric stenosis | narrowing of the sphincter at the base of the stomach |
| stomatomycosis | fungus condition of the mouth |
| stomatosis | mouth condition |
| colitis | inflammation of the colon |
| duodenitis | inflammation of the duodenum |
| enterocele | hernia of the intestines |
| enteropathy | disease of the intestines |
| fistula | any abnormal passageway in the body that shouldn't be there |
| anal fistula | abnormal opening between the rectum and the exterior perianal skin |
| colovaginal fistula | abnormal opening between the colon and vagina |
| diverticulitis | inflammation of the diverticula in the colon |
| diverticulosis | a condition of having diverticula in the colon |
| celiac disease | a disease of intestines due to an adverse reaction to gluten |
| ileitis | inflammation of the ileum |
| ileocolitis | inflammation of the ileum and colon |
| jejunitis | inflammation of the jejunum |
| malabsorption | incomplete or lack of absorbing nutrients from the intestine |
| proctitis | inflammation of the anus and rectum |
| proctoptosis | downward displacement of the anus and rectum |
| rectitis | inflammation of the rectum |
| ulcerative colitis | inflammation of the colon, characterized by ulcers |
| celiomyositis | inflammation of the abdominal muscles |
| celiopathy | disease of the abdomen |
| cholangitis | inflammation of the bile vessels (ducts) |
| cholecystitis | inflammation of the bile (gall) bladder |
| choledochocele | hernia of the (common) bile duct |
| choledocholithiasis | presence of a stone in the (common) bile duct |
| cholelithiasis | presence of a gallstone |
| cirrhosis | liver disease named for the change of color in the liver |
| hepatitis | inflammation of the liver |
| hepatosclerosis | hardening of the liver |
| laparocele | abdominal hernia |
| pancreatitis | inflammation of the pancreas |
| pancreatolithiasis | presence of a stone in the pancreas |
| peritonitis | inflammation of the peritoneum |
| sclerosing cholangitis | inflammation and hardening of the bile vessels (ducts) |
| sialoadenitis | inflammation of the salivary glands |
| sialoadenosis | a condition of the salivary glands |
| sialolithiasis | presence of salivary stones |
| choleangioma | tumor of the bile vessels (ducts) |
| colorectal carcinoma | cancerous tumor of the colon or rectum |
| esophageal carcinoma | cancerous tumor of the esophagus |
| hepatocarcinoma | cancerous tumor of the liver |
| hepatoma | tumor of the liver |
| antacid | agent that neutralizes acid |
| antiemetic | agent that prevents or relives nausea or vomiting |
| cathartic | agent that produces bowel movements |
| sialogogic | agent that causes salivation |
| esophagectomy | surgical removal of the esophagus |
| esophagogastroplasty | surgical reconstruction of the esophagus and stomach |
| gastrectomy | surgical removal of the stomach |
| gastroduodenostomy | creation of an opening between the stomach and duodenum |
| gastroenterostomy | creation of an opening between the stomach and intestines |
| gastrojenuostomy | creation of an opening between the stomach and jejunum |
| gastropexy | surgical fixation of the stomach |
| gingivectomy | surgical removal of gum tissue |
| gingivoplasty | surgical reconstruction of gum tissue |
| glossoplasty | surgical reconstruction of the tongue |
| glossorrhaphy | suture of the tongue |
| glossotomy | incision into the tongue |
| odontectomy | surgical removal of a tooth |
| anastomosis | creation of an opening; a surgical procedure connecting two previously unconnected hollow tubes |
| anoplasty | surgical reconstruction of the anus |
| colectomy | surgical removal of the colon |
| colostomy | creation of an opening in the colon |
| duodenectomy | surgical removal of the duodenum |
| enterectomy | surgical removal of the intestines |
| enterorrhaphy | suture of the intestines |
| enterotomy | incision into the intestines |
| hemicolectomy | surgical removal of half (a portion) of the colon |
| hemorrhoidectomy | surgical removal of hemorrhoids |
| herniorrhaphy | suture of a hernia |
| ileocolostomy | creation of an opening between the ileum and colon |
| ileorrhaphy | suture of the ileum |
| ileostomy | creation of an opening in the ileum |
| ileotomy | incision into the ileum |
| jejunonrrhaphy | suture of the jejunum |
| jejunostomy | creation of an opening in the jejunum |
| jejunotomy | incision of the jejunum |
| proctoplasty | surgical reconstruction of the anus and rectum |
| rectopexy | surgical fixation of the rectum |
| abdominocentesis | puncture of the abdomen (usually for the purpose of withdrawing fluid) |
| abdominoplasty | surgical reconstruction of the abdomen |
| celiotomy | incision into the abdomen |
| cholangiogastrostomy | creation of an opening between (common) bile duct and the intestines |
| cholecystectomy | surgical removal of the bile (gall) bladder |
| choledochoenterostomy | creation of an opening between (common) bile duct and the intestines |
| choledocholithectomy | surgical removal of a stone from the (common) bile duct |
| choledochotomy | incision into the (common) bile duct |
| cholelithotomy | incision to remove bile (gall) stones |
| cholelithotripsy | crushing of bile (gall) stones |
| hepatectomy | surgical removal of the liver |
| hepaticogastrostomy | creation of an opening between the liver and stomach |
| hepaticotomy | incision into the liver |
| hepatopexy | surgical fixation of the liver |
| laparoenterostomy | creation of an opening between the abdomen and the intestines |
| laparoscopic surgery | the use of a laparoscope to perform minimally invasive surgery |
| laparotomy | incision into the abdomen |
| pancreatectomy | surgical removal of the pancreas |
| pancreatoduodenectomy | surgical removal of the pancreas and duodenum |
| pancreatolithectomy | surgical removal of stones in the pancreas |
| sialoadenectomy | surgical removal of a salivary gland |
| sialolithotomy | incision to remove salivary stones |
| stomatoplasty | surgical reconstruction of the mouth |
| BE | barium enema |
| BM | bowel movement |
| CCE | cholecystectomy |
| EGD | esophagogastroduodenoscopy |
| ERCP | endoscopic retrograde choliangiopancreatography |
| EUS | endoscopy ultrasound |
| FOBT | fecal occult blood test |
| GERD | gastroesophageal reflux disease |
| GI | gastrointestinal |
| HAV, HBV, HCV | Hepatitis A Virus, Hepatitis B Virus, Hepatitis C Virus |
| IBD | inflammatory bowel disease |
| IBS | irritable bowel syndrome |
| LFT | liver function test |
| NGT | nasogastric tube |
| NPO | nothing by mouth (nihil per os) |
| N&V | nausea and vomiting |
| PEG | percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy |
| PEJ | percutaneous endoscopy jejunostomy |
| PUD | peptic ulcer disease |
| RLQ | right lower quadrant |
| RUQ | right upper quadrant |
| LLQ | left lower quadrant |
| LUQ | left upper quadrant |
| UGI | upper gastrointestinal |
Created by:
SEANAG0349
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