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Anatomy and Phys
Anatomy Chapter 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The body obtains materials from the environment and increases its mass in the process of | Growth |
| The characteristic of conductivity is associated with with muscle cells and | nerve cells |
| in addition to producing an entirely new individual, new cells are formed in the body for the three purposes of replacement, growth and | repair |
| The study of the body structures without the use of a microscope is known as | gross anatomy |
| for histologic anatomy, it is essential to use a | microscope |
| one of the branches of physiology is cytology, the study of | cells |
| the function of the excretory system is a major topic of a branch of physiology known as | renal |
| at its most simple level of structure, the body is composed of | atoms |
| carbohydrates, protein, lipids, and water typify the level of structure of the body in which the main components are | molecules |
| the fundamental unit of all living things, including the human body is the | cell |
| a group of cells working together to perform the same function is a | tissue |
| a type of tissue represented by the blood and bone tissue is | connective |
| the organ of the body are lined with a type of tissue known as | epithelial |
| various types of tissue work together in the human body to compose an | organ |
| the sum total of all chemical processes occuring in the body is | metabolism |
| two general types of movement in the body are voluntary and | involuntary |
| to assist the process of movement of the body, the skeletal muscles are usually attached to | bones |
| the characteristic of conductivity is associated with muscle cells and | nerve cells |
| In addition to producing an entirely new individual, new cells are formed in the body for three purposes of replacement, growth and | repair |
| the processes working to maintain the body's internal environment within normal limits is called | homeostatisis |
| Major chemical requirements of the human body for maintaining homeostasis include water, nutrients and | oxygen |
| the body is erect with eyes forward, feet together, arms at the side and palms forward is | anatomical position |
| the directional term used to describe the front of the body on the belly side is | anterior |
| in the anatomical nomenclature, the term superior refers to an aspect of the body towards the | head |
| the anatomical term referring to a side away from the midline is | lateral |
| the term proximal refers to a point close to where an extremity attaches to the body | trunk |
| two structures on the same side of the body such as the left arm and left leg are said to be | ipsilateral |
| a vertical plane dividing the body into anterior and posterior portions is a frontal plane, also known as a | sagittal plane |
| a longitudinal plane dividing the body into anterior and posterior portions is a frontal plane, also known as a | coronal plane |
| a horizontal plane divides the body into superior and inferior parts and is also known as a | transverse plane |
| a midsagittal plane divides the body into equal right and a left halves are teh | parasagittal |
| the dorsal body cavity is subdivided into the spinal cavity and the | cranial cavity |
| the large dome shaped muscle separating the abdominopelvic cavity from the thoracic cavity is the | diaphragm |
| Among the three major serous membranes of the body are the peritoneum, the pleura, and the | pericardium |
| Nearer to or at the front of the body | Anterior (ventral) Sternum is anterior to the heart |
| Nearer to or at the back of the body | Posterior (dorsal) esophagus is posterior to the trachea |
| Toward the head or the upper part of a structure; upper part of a structure generally refers to structures in the trunck | Superior (cephalic or cranial) heart is superior to the liver |
| Away from the head or toward the lower part of the structure; generally refers to structures in the trunk | Inferior (caudal) stomach is inferior to the lungs |
| Nearer to the midline of the body or a structure | Medial Ulna is on the medial side of the forearm |
| away from the midline of the body | Ipsilateral - gallbladder and ascending colon of the large intestine are ipsilateral |
| on the opposite of the body | contralateral ascending and descending colons of the large intestine are contralateral |
| nearer to the attachment of an extremeity to the trunk or structure | Proximal - femur is proximal to the tibia |
| farther from the attachment of an extremity to the trunk of a structure | distal - phalanges are distal to the carpals (wrist bones) |
| toward the surface of the body | superficial - muscles of the thoracic wall are superior to the viscera in the thoracic cavity |
| away from the surface of the body | deep - ribs are deep to the skin of the chest |
| Integumentary | Covers the body and protects it - skin, hair, nails, and sweat glands |
| Skeletal | Protects the boy and provides support for locomotion and movement - Bones, cartilage, and ligaments |
| Nervous | Receives stimuli, integrates information, and coordinates the body functions - brain, spinal cord, nerves, and sense organs |
| Endocrine | chemically coordinates and integrates the actives of the body - pituitary, adrenal, thyroid, and other ductless glands |
| Muscular | Permits body movements - skeletal muscle, smooth muscle, and cardiac muscle |
| digestive | digests food and absorbs soluble nutrients from ingested food - teeth, salivary glands, esophagus, stomach, intestines, liver, and pancreas |
| respiratory | collects oxygen and exchanges it for carbon dioxide - lungs, pharynx, trachea, and other air passageways |
| circulatory | transports cells and materials throughout the body - Heart, blood vessels, blood and lymph structure |
| immune | removes foreign chemicals and microorganisms from the bloodstream - t lymphocytes, b--lymphocytes and macrophages; lymph structures |
| urinary | removes the metabolic wastes from the blood stream - kidney, bladder, and associated ducts |
| reproductive | produces sex cells for the next generation - testes, ovaries, and associated reproductive structures |
| Anterior (ventral) | nearer to ro at the front of the body- sternum is anterior to the heart |
| Posterior (dorsal) | nearer to or at the back of the body - esophagus is posterior to the trachea |
| Superior (cephalic or cranial) | toward the head or the upper part of a structure; generally refers to structures in the trunk - heart is superior to the liver |
| inferior (caudal) | away from teh head or toward the lower part of the structure; generally refers to structures in the trunk - stomach is inferior to the lungs |
| medial | nearer to the midline of teh body or a structure |
| lateral | away from the midline of the body or a structure - ulna is on the medial side of the forearm |
| ipsilateral | on the same side of the body - gallbladder and ascending colon of the large intestine are ipsilateral |
| contralateral | on the opposite side of the body - ascending and descending colons of the large intestine are contralateral |
| proximal | nearer to the attachment of an extremity to the trunk or structure - femur is proximal to the tibia |
| distal | farther from the attachment of an extremity to the trunk of a structure - phalanges are distal to the carpals wrists and bones |
| superficial | toward the surface of the body - muscles of the thoracic wall are superior to the viscera in the thoracic cavity |
| deep | away from the surface of the body - ribs are deep to the skin of the chest |
| Sagittal vertical plane dividing into right and left | Sagittal |
| Parasagittal | Divides body into unequal right and left halves |
Created by:
juliebaird