Anatomy Chapter 1
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| The body obtains materials from the environment and increases its mass in the process of | Growth
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| The characteristic of conductivity is associated with with muscle cells and | nerve cells
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| in addition to producing an entirely new individual, new cells are formed in the body for the three purposes of replacement, growth and | repair
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| The study of the body structures without the use of a microscope is known as | gross anatomy
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| for histologic anatomy, it is essential to use a | microscope
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| one of the branches of physiology is cytology, the study of | cells
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| the function of the excretory system is a major topic of a branch of physiology known as | renal
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| at its most simple level of structure, the body is composed of | atoms
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| carbohydrates, protein, lipids, and water typify the level of structure of the body in which the main components are | molecules
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| the fundamental unit of all living things, including the human body is the | cell
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| a group of cells working together to perform the same function is a | tissue
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| a type of tissue represented by the blood and bone tissue is | connective
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| the organ of the body are lined with a type of tissue known as | epithelial
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| various types of tissue work together in the human body to compose an | organ
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| the sum total of all chemical processes occuring in the body is | metabolism
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| two general types of movement in the body are voluntary and | involuntary
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| to assist the process of movement of the body, the skeletal muscles are usually attached to | bones
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| the characteristic of conductivity is associated with muscle cells and | nerve cells
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| In addition to producing an entirely new individual, new cells are formed in the body for three purposes of replacement, growth and | repair
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| the processes working to maintain the body's internal environment within normal limits is called | homeostatisis
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| Major chemical requirements of the human body for maintaining homeostasis include water, nutrients and | oxygen
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| the body is erect with eyes forward, feet together, arms at the side and palms forward is | anatomical position
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| the directional term used to describe the front of the body on the belly side is | anterior
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| in the anatomical nomenclature, the term superior refers to an aspect of the body towards the | head
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| the anatomical term referring to a side away from the midline is | lateral
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| the term proximal refers to a point close to where an extremity attaches to the body | trunk
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| two structures on the same side of the body such as the left arm and left leg are said to be | ipsilateral
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| a vertical plane dividing the body into anterior and posterior portions is a frontal plane, also known as a | sagittal plane
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| a longitudinal plane dividing the body into anterior and posterior portions is a frontal plane, also known as a | coronal plane
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| a horizontal plane divides the body into superior and inferior parts and is also known as a | transverse plane
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| a midsagittal plane divides the body into equal right and a left halves are teh | parasagittal
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| the dorsal body cavity is subdivided into the spinal cavity and the | cranial cavity
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| the large dome shaped muscle separating the abdominopelvic cavity from the thoracic cavity is the | diaphragm
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| Among the three major serous membranes of the body are the peritoneum, the pleura, and the | pericardium
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| Nearer to or at the front of the body | Anterior (ventral) Sternum is anterior to the heart
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| Nearer to or at the back of the body | Posterior (dorsal) esophagus is posterior to the trachea
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| Toward the head or the upper part of a structure; upper part of a structure generally refers to structures in the trunck | Superior (cephalic or cranial) heart is superior to the liver
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| Away from the head or toward the lower part of the structure; generally refers to structures in the trunk | Inferior (caudal) stomach is inferior to the lungs
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| Nearer to the midline of the body or a structure | Medial Ulna is on the medial side of the forearm
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| away from the midline of the body | Ipsilateral - gallbladder and ascending colon of the large intestine are ipsilateral
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| on the opposite of the body | contralateral ascending and descending colons of the large intestine are contralateral
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| nearer to the attachment of an extremeity to the trunk or structure | Proximal - femur is proximal to the tibia
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| farther from the attachment of an extremity to the trunk of a structure | distal - phalanges are distal to the carpals
(wrist bones)
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| toward the surface of the body | superficial - muscles of the thoracic wall are superior to the viscera in the thoracic cavity
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| away from the surface of the body | deep - ribs are deep to the skin of the chest
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| Integumentary | Covers the body and protects it - skin, hair, nails, and sweat glands
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| Skeletal | Protects the boy and provides support for locomotion and movement - Bones, cartilage, and ligaments
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| Nervous | Receives stimuli, integrates information, and coordinates the body functions - brain, spinal cord, nerves, and sense organs
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| Endocrine | chemically coordinates and integrates the actives of the body - pituitary, adrenal, thyroid, and other ductless glands
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| Muscular | Permits body movements - skeletal muscle, smooth muscle, and cardiac muscle
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| digestive | digests food and absorbs soluble nutrients from ingested food - teeth, salivary glands, esophagus, stomach, intestines, liver, and pancreas
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| respiratory | collects oxygen and exchanges it for carbon dioxide - lungs, pharynx, trachea, and other air passageways
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| circulatory | transports cells and materials throughout the body - Heart, blood vessels, blood and lymph structure
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| immune | removes foreign chemicals and microorganisms from the bloodstream - t lymphocytes, b--lymphocytes and macrophages; lymph structures
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| urinary | removes the metabolic wastes from the blood stream - kidney, bladder, and associated ducts
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| reproductive | produces sex cells for the next generation - testes, ovaries, and associated reproductive structures
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| Anterior (ventral) | nearer to ro at the front of the body- sternum is anterior to the heart
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| Posterior (dorsal) | nearer to or at the back of the body - esophagus is posterior to the trachea
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| Superior (cephalic or cranial) | toward the head or the upper part of a structure; generally refers to structures in the trunk - heart is superior to the liver
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| inferior (caudal) | away from teh head or toward the lower part of the structure; generally refers to structures in the trunk - stomach is inferior to the lungs
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| medial | nearer to the midline of teh body or a structure
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| lateral | away from the midline of the body or a structure - ulna is on the medial side of the forearm
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| ipsilateral | on the same side of the body - gallbladder and ascending colon of the large intestine are ipsilateral
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| contralateral | on the opposite side of the body - ascending and descending colons of the large intestine are contralateral
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| proximal | nearer to the attachment of an extremity to the trunk or structure - femur is proximal to the tibia
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| distal | farther from the attachment of an extremity to the trunk of a structure - phalanges are distal to the carpals wrists and bones
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| superficial | toward the surface of the body - muscles of the thoracic wall are superior to the viscera in the thoracic cavity
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| deep | away from the surface of the body - ribs are deep to the skin of the chest
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| Sagittal vertical plane dividing into right and left | Sagittal
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| Parasagittal | Divides body into unequal right and left halves
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Created by:
juliebaird