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Narcotic Analgesics

Pharmacology

Narcotic Analgesics
Analgesia Opiates relieve severe, constant pain but not intermittent pain
Cough Suppression Dextromethorphan and codeine are the most used antitussic opiates
Cross-tolerance tolerance to one opiate leads to simulaneous tolerance to others
Contraindications 1. Pure agonist with mixed agonist-antagonist 2. Head injuries 3. Pregnancy 4. Patients with impaired pulmonary, hepatic, or renal functions
Codeine advantages over morphine: greater oral efficacy, less absue liability
Methadone Advantage over morphine: tolerance and dependence develop more slowly and withdrawal signs milder
Fentanyl Advantage over morphine: 80X more efficacy
Levorphanol Advantage over morphine: less nausea and vomiting
Oxycodone Advantages over morphine: greater oral efficacy, nasal efficacy
Meperidine Advantage over morphine: fewer autonomic withdrawal symptoms
Pentazocine Advantage over morphine: low abuse liability; mixed agonist/antagonist
Dextrometrophan antitussive with fewer GI side effects than codeine
Naloxone used for opiate overdose; antagonist
Opiates act on smooth muscles to inhibit release of acetylcholine
Created by: DrCutiepie
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