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GEOG ASIA
General notes
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| East Asia is made up of what 6 countries? | Japan, North Korea, South Korea, Mongolia, China and Taiwan. |
| South East Asia is made up of what 6 countries? | Vietnam, Cambodia, Laos, Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia, Philippines |
| South Asia is made up of what 4 countries? | India, Bhutan, Pakistan, Nepal |
| What % of the world lives in Asia? | 60% |
| What 2 countries have populations over 1B? | China and India |
| Largest democracy in world? | India |
| What is the birth rate in Japan? | 1.2 |
| What is the birth rate in SW/SE Asia? | 4 |
| What is the birth rate in China? | 1.8 but it's supposed to be 1 according to the "One-Child Policy" |
| What is the most important identifying factor in most Asian cultures? | Family |
| What is filial piety? | Respect for one's elders |
| The population density is sparse in what areas in Asia? | Rural villages and farms |
| The population density is dense in what areas of Asia? | City-states and urban sprawls |
| What is an example of a city-state? | Singapore |
| What is an example of a urban sprawl? | Shanghai |
| What has accelerated the rural-to-urban migration? | Industrialization and globalization |
| What is a huge problem in India and China(and most of Asia)? | The accelerated rural-to-urban migration |
| What causes a labor surplus in farm regions? | Mechanization or technology |
| Many migrants don't have either of these things? | jobs and housing |
| Describe the vast economic disparity in Asian cities. | Sweat shops and slums to high-tech and high-finance cities offer 'more' due to globalization |
| What are three historically important products that have come from Asia? | gunpowder, silk and paper |
| Who was ahead in the 1980's: China or Japan? | China>Japan |
| Europe first came to Asia along the Silk Road about 2,000 years ago for what? | European colonization |
| When did Marco Polo traveled to Asia? | 1270's |
| 15th century exploration occurred during what 'age'? | The Renaissance and Reformation ages |
| What 4 countries had colonized most of Asia by 1900? | Britain, France, the Netherlands and Portugal |
| What 4 contributing factors resulted in the end of colonization? | 1)Europe weak in early 20th century(WW1) 2)rise of Japan as 'great power status 3)anti-colonial sentiment |
| What are the top 3 religions in Asia? | Hinduism, Islam and Buddhism |
| What are 4 popular philosophies in Asia? | Zen, Confucianism, Daoism and Shinto (the latter two are nature centered) |
| What is the only nation in Asia that has Christianity as it's most popular religion? | Philippines |
| What religion began in India and diffused to China, Korea and Japan? | Buddhism |
| According to their governments, China, Vietnam and North Korea are mostly made up of what religious group? | Atheists |
| What important kind of fundamentalism is alive in many Asian countries? | Islamic fundamentalism, or more properly put, Muslim fundamentalism since it is about the individual and not the religion |
| What has been a key issue surrounding North Korea? | Nuclear proliferation |
| What is a term used for North Korea? | 'Axis of Evil' (a Bush term...so many opinions, not enough time) |
| What does M.A.D. stand for? | Mutually assured destruction |
| In most of rural Asia who or what is in control? | The tribes or villages, not the government. Water and natural resources play big role. |
| What natural disasters plague N Korea and Bangladesh? | Famine/drought followed by flood every year |
| What disaster killed about 25,000 and left about 750,000 homeless in Gujarat,India? | An earthquake in 2001 |
| What disaster caused 300,000 people to either be killed or go missing in SE Asia? | A tsunami on Dec 26th, 2004 |
| What occurred in Kobe Japan in 1995? | A massive earthquake |
| Japan was the first Asian country to do what? | Develop modern cities and manufacture on a large scale |
| What is keiretsu? | part of the economic boom in the 1980's, it is a set of companies with interlocking business relationships and shareholdings. We discussed vertical manufacturing and distribution networks |
| The avg GDP-ppp per caipity is around what value? | $4,500 |
| Who has the highest ($49,000) GDP-PPP in Asia? | Singapore, HKG and Japan close behind |
| Who has the lowest ($1,000) GDP-PPP in Asia? | N Korea |
| What 3 attributes help China and India to stay in the world market? | cheap labor, natural resources and their workers are developing skill and education quickly |
| What does Japan have going for it (economically speaking)? | a more skilled labor force |
| What two areas are both 100% urban, highly educated and developed? | HKG and Singapore - due to Westernization |
| What is the staple agriculture product in Asia? | Rice, and it is revered (don't dip rice side of sushi in sauce, it gets it 'dirty') |
| Despite migration and globalization, the majority of Asians are what? | Farmers |
| What is the capital of the People's Republic of China [PRC]? | Beijing |
| Early civilization in Asian dynasties flourished because of advances in what? | Arts and sciences |
| During the 19th and 20th centuries the dynasties faced what? | civil unrest, famine, military defeats and occupation |
| What was built in Asia during the 3rd century for protection? | The Great Wall of China |
| In 1949, what was the political situation in China? | Communism prevailed under MAO and pro-democracy nationalists fled to Taiwan (ROC) |
| Who was the Communist dictator in 1949 in China? | MAO Zedong |
| ROC not part of UN and in what year did the US 'cut' diplomatic ties with them? | 1979 but we still have cultural and commercial relations |
| In PRC, the harsh dictatorships have led to what? | millions die as a result of poor economic and agricultural centralized planning (all right Okies, stop planting wheat, start planting pineapples) |
| In 1978, who cam into power in China? | DENG Xiaoping |
| DENG did what for China? | implemented market-oriented reforms - 'one china, two systems' - decentralized economic decision making |
| DENG's changes caused what? | Economic output soared but political control was tight |
| How does size versus population measure up in the US versus China? | China is slightly larger than the US but has 1B more people |
| What % of the population of China live in rural areas and engage in agriculture? | 64% |
| The official religion of China is Atheism, however, what are actually the most popular philosophy and religion in China? | Daoism and Buddhism |
| What is the climate like in China? | Very extreme, has both tropical and subarctic areas |
| What % of the Chinese are Han Chinese? | 92% |
| What language is the Chinese govt trying to standardize? | Mandarin |
| What are 6 environmental issues in China? | Air pollution, clean water shortages, deforestation, desertification, econ development and land loss due to soil erosion |
| Out of the 20 most polluted cities in the world, how many are in China? | 16/20, or 80% |
| The Three Gorges Project is located where? | The Yangtze River |
| What does the Three Gorges Project entail and what are the goals? | multiple new dams along the Yangtze River to raise level for shipping, generate power and offer flood control |
| Who is the president(head of state) elected for the National People's Congress? | HU Jintao |
| Who is the Head of Government (nominated by President)? | Premier WEN Jiabao |
| The National People's congress (the most powerful branch is comprised of what kind of people? | The NPC is run ONLY by communists and faces virtually NO political opposition (publicly, at least) |
| The student-led pro-democracy protest in 1989 was called what? | The Tiananmen Square uprising, or The Tiananmen Square Massacre |
| What has caused a 1,000% increase in China's GDP? | economic reforms, including increased foreign trade and investment |
| In PPP, China is the 2nd largest economy behind which country? | The US who has a PPP of $8T |
| What is the GDP per capita in China? | $6,200 |
| The hybrid system of capitalsim and socialism in China equals what? | Vast bureaucracy (non-efficient and expensive + vast income disparities and unemployment - mixed results |
| How big is the labor surplus in China? | ~100M |
| What 2 things do the Chinese govt struggle with? | 1) job creation (millions laid off from state-run factories, migrants, new entrants) 2)corruption 3) social strife and environmental damage due to rapid economic growth |
| What are the incentives with the One-Child Policy? | increases living standard and free heath care and education for those in compliance |
| What is the negative aspect of the One-Child Policy? | it directly and negatively affects human rights |
| How much of China's exports go to the US? | 20% |
| What is the trade balance between the US and China? | The US has a -$260B trade balance w/China |
| SEZs( Special Economic Zones) like Shenzhen are what? | Capitalist enclaves |
| What do capital enclaves offer? | the promote investment through tax incentives and reduce tariffs |
| The most successful Chinese companies aren't 'Chinese', instead what happens? | MDCs outsource production to China |
| What is the stance on intellectual property in China? | Intellectual property and patent/copyright violations are issues in China |
| What is the population of Japan? | 127M |
| What is the capital of Japan? | Tokyo |
| Where were the US atomic bombs dropped in 1945? | Hiroshima and Nagasaki |
| Japan began a 250 year period of isolation in what year? | 1603 and the local culture flourished |
| What is shogunate? | A military dictatorship that ruled over Japan for centuries |
| Who opened Japan up to western modernization and industrialization in 1853? | US Commodore Matthew Perry |
| What was the Meiji Restoration? | after 1868 the Japanese sent men worldwide on fact finding missions and then blended the knew found techniques of knowledge and technology with own culture |
| Early in the 20th century Japanese became a regional power after defeating who? | Russia and China |
| What did the Japanese empire in the early 20th century need to build? | raw materials, security and superiority |
| When did Japan launch a surprise attack against the US at Pearl Harbor? | Dec7, 1941 """"and need to look up why"""" |
| Post-WWII under what agreements did the US aid Japan? | Japan couldn't develop their military sector except for a Self-Defense Force and we are now political allies |
| Who is the emperor in the Japanese royal family and who is the Prime Minister? | Emperor Akihito and Prime Minister Hatoyama |
| Where does the real power rest in Japan? | Not with the Emperor or the Prime Minister but instead with the networks of powerful politicians, bureaucrats and business executives |
| What is the bicameral diet in Japan? | the Legislative branch, makes rules |
| How does the size versus population measure up in the US versus Japan? | Japan has 4% of the land mass that the US does, and about 40% of the population |
| The ethnicity in Japan is 99% Japanese, why? | it is a very homogeneous culture, biracial marriage is frowned upon |
| What % of the population is over 65 years old in Japan? | +22% so a very large portion and a declining population |
| Japan is ranked what in the world of economy? | Japan has the 3rd largest world economy and competes against US for global market share |
| What is the keiretsu system? | a powerful alliance of Japanese businesses often linked by cross-shareholding (vertical, not horizontal like in US)there's a lot of govt+industry cooperation |
| What has helped Japan's unprecedented economic growth in 1960s, 70s and 80s? | workers have strong work ethic and are loyal to companies due to a tradition of lifetime employment |
| What % of Japanese exports go to the US? | 25% |
| Japan has very few natural resources which means what? | Most raw materials and fuels are imported, agriculture sector is highly subsidized and protected and they are self-sufficient in rice |
| Where is Japan 'situated' that might cause a natural disaster? | Japan is located along the Pacific 'Ring of Fire' and has many volcanoes and earthquakes - Mt. Fuji, a volcano, is the highest point |
| What % of Japanese observe Shintoism &/or Buddhism? | 84%, but they are not very involved in either |
| What is one of the reasons they have such a high suicide rate among young adults and teenagers? | Japan has a very brutal educational system; extremely rigorous testing controls admission to higher education |
| What are some examples of the intense social structure? | The wife/office girl, the 'salaryman', the 'kid' - it's a high-income society with meager lifestyles |
| What 4 future problems must Japan overcome? | 1) an aging population 2) business reform 3)resource scarcity 4) pending labor deficit (no immigration, declining population) |
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