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RADT 465 Safety
ARRT registry review covering radiation safety
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| 1. What is defined as the distance between crests? | wavelength |
| 2. What is defined as the number of cycles per unit of time? (pg 238) | frequency |
| 3. T/F: wavelength and frequency are inversely related? (pg 238) | True: the shorter the wavelength, the higher the frequency |
| 4. Medical radiation exposure contributes to how much of the public's exposure to ionizing radiation? (pg 239) | 50% |
| 5. What interaction is described: a high speed electron is deflected from its path and the loss of kinetic energy is emitted in the form of an x-ray photon? Where is this interaction taking place at? (pg 240) | Bremsstrahlung (Brems) or "Braking" Radiation; at the Tungsten Target |
| 6. What interaction is described: a high-speed electron encounters a tungsten atom and ejects a K-shell electron, thereby leaving a vacancy. Then, a electron from a higher energy level shell fills the vacancy? Where is this interaction taking place at? (p | Characteristic Radiation; at the Tungsten Target |
| 7. What interaction is defined as: a low energy x-ray photon interacts with tissue and expends all of its energy to eject an inner shell electron, then a outer shell electron drops down and fills that hole? (pg 241) | Photoelectric effect |
| 8. Photoelectric effect can be described as: (pg 241) | absorption |
| 9. T/F: Photoelectric effect gives up energy in the form of a characteristic x-ray. (pg 241) | True |
| 10. What interaction is defined as: a fairy high-energy photon interacts with tissue atoms, giving up some energy to eject an outer shell electron? (pg 241) | Compton scatter |
| 11. What interaction is the greatest contributor to patient dose? (pg 242) | Photoelectric |
| 12. What interaction is responsible for scattered radiation fog the image? (pg 242) | Compton |
| 13. The association between a dose of ionizing radiation and the magnitude of the resulting response/effect is termed: (pg 242) | a dose-response or dose-effect relationship |
| 14. Are linear relationships are indirectly or directly proportional to the dose received? (pg 243) | directly proportional |
| 15. What refers to the dose below which no harmful effects could occur? (pg 243) | threshold |
| 16. Nonstochastic/deterministic effects are: (pg 245) | threshold, nonlinear |
| 17. Stochastic/probabilistic effects are: (pg 245) | nonthreshold, linear |
| 18. T/F: the more mature a cell, the least radiosensitive. (pg 246) | True |
| 19. What is defined as the rate of radiation deposits as it passes through tissue? (pg 246) | Linear Energy Transfer (LET) |
| 20. T/F: LET and relative biologic effectiveness (RBE) are directly related. | True |
| 21. When will the greatest effect of irradiation occur? (pg 248-249) | if a large quantity of radiation is delivered in a short period of time to the whole body |
| 22. T/F: the more oxygen the content of tissues, the less radiosensitive. | False, more radiosensitive |
| 23. T/F: tissues are more radiosensitive at lower temperatures. | False, higher temps |
| 24. What term refers simply to the product of the absorbed dose and its radiation weighting factor? (pg 246) | Equivalent dose |
| 25. What unit is equivalent dose expressed in? (pg 246) | rad/Gy |
| 26. What term refers to the dose from radiation sources internal/external to the body? (pg 246) | Effective dose |
| 27. What unit is effective dose expressed in? (pg 246) | rem/Sievert |
| 28. What effects are those that affect the irradiated body and are described as being late/early? (pg 253) | Somatic effects |
| 29. When do early somatic effects occur? (pg 253) | within hours, minutes, days, or weeks or irradiation and occur when a high dose is delivered to the whole body in a short period of time |
| 30. T/F: carcinogenesis and cataracts are late somatic effects (pg 253) | True |
| 31. T/F: excessive radiation to the gonads can cause ONLY permanent sterility (pg 254) | False, both temporary and permanent |
| 32. What are some examples of embryologic or fetal somatic effects? (pg54) | spontaneous abortion, skeletal and neurologic abnormalities (mental retardation and microcephaly), and leukemia |
| 33. What are the stages of acute radiation syndrome in order? (pg 255) | prodromal, latent, manifest illness, recovery or death |
| 34. What effects are the occupationally exposed concerned about? (pg 255) | late effects |
| 35. What is the annual radiation limit to the occupationally exposed? | 50 mSv or 5 rem |
| 36. What is the radiation limit to the occupational lens of the eye? | 150 mSv or 15 rem |
| 37. What is the radiation limit to the occupational skin, hands, and feet? | 500 mSv or 50 rem |
| 38. What is the cumulative radiation limit to the occupationally exposed? | 10 mSv x age or 1 rem x age |
| 39. What is the annual radiation limit to the exposed public? | 5 mSv or 0.5 rem |
| 40. What is the radiation limit to the publics' lens of the eye, skin, hands, and feet? | 50 mSv or 5 rem |
| 41. What is the radiation limit to the embryo PER MONTH? | 0.5 mSv or 0.05 rem |
| 42. What is the radiation limit to the embryo during the ENTIRE GESTATION? | 5 mSv or 0.5 rem |
| 43. What is the most important way to reduce patient dose? (pg 264) | beam restriction |
| 44. What does beam restriction do to our image? (pg 262) | improves quality by reducing the number of scattered radiation |
| 45. What factors keep patient dose to a minimum? (pg 266) | low mAs and high kV |
| 46. What dose filtration do? (pg 266) | removes the low-energy x-rays from the primary beam, thereby reducing patient dose and increasing the average energy of the beam |
| 47. Inherent filtration includes: (pg 277) | glass envelope and oil coolant/insulation |
| 48. Added filtration includes: (pg 277) | thin layers of Al and the collimator and its mirror |
| 49. What are the 2 types of AECs? (pg 272) | ionization chamber and phototimers |
| 50. What is defined as a parallel plate that consists of a radiolucent chamber just beneath the tabletop above the IR and grid? (pg 277) | Ionization chamber |
| 51. Where is the phototimer positioned? (pg 272) | beneath the IR |
| 52. How thick must the primary barrier be? | 1/16 inch Pb eq |
| 53. How thick must the secondary barrier be? | 1/32 inch Pb eq |
| 54. What is the minimum lead equivalent for lead aprons? | .5 mm Pb/eq |
| 55. What is the minimum lead equivalent for gloves? | .25 mm Pb/eq |
| 56. What is the minimum lead equivalent for thyroid shields? | .5 mm Pb/eq |
| 57. What is the minimum lead equivalent for glasses? | .35 mm Pb/eq |
| 58. What is the minimum lead equivalent for bucky slot covers? | .25mm Pb/eq |
| 59. What is the minimum lead equivalent for fluoro drapes? | .25mm Pb/eq |
| 60. What is the minimum lead equivalent for clear lead-plastic overhead protective barrier? | .5 mm Pb/eq |
| 61. TLD dosimeters are made of what? | lithium fluoride |
| 62. OSL dosimeters are made of what? | aluminum oxide |
Created by:
nlchesser
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