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Sem B Unit 8
Physical Science 9
Term | Definition |
---|---|
absorption | energy transfer to a medium |
amplitude | the distance from the center line (or the still position) to the top of a crest or to the bottom of a trough |
analog signals | information encoded as continuously varying quantities |
analog system | electronic systems with a continuously variable signal |
analog transmission | a transmission method of conveying information using a continuous signal which varies in amplitude, phase, or some other property in proportion to that information |
antinode | a point on a standing wave of maximum amplitude |
bandwidth | the capacity to send a certain amount of data through the internet in a certain amount of time |
beat frequency | the absolute value of the difference between the frequencies of two waves |
binary code | a coding system using the binary digits 0 and 1 to represent a letter, digit, or other character in a computer or other electronic device |
binary signals | The simplest possible signal of any kind that can be employed to transmit messages distortion free |
concave | curving inward so that the edges point toward the viewer |
convex | curving outward with the edges pointing away from the viewer |
crest | the point on a wave with the highest value above equilibrium |
density | a substance’s mass divided by its volume |
diffraction | the spreading of waves around obstacles |
diffuse reflection | the scattering of light that happens when light reflects off a rough surface |
digital data transmission | information delivered as a series of discrete quantities, represented as the digits 0 and 1 |
digital information storage | saving data code as a series of discrete quantities, represented as the digits 0 and 1 |
digital signals | information encoded as a series of discrete quantities, represented as the digits 0 and 1 |
digital storage | information saved as a series of discrete quantities, represented as the digits 0 and 1 |
digital systems | devices or processes in which information is encoded and delivered as a series of discrete quantities, represented as the digits 0 and 1 |
digital transmission | the transfer of information encoded and delivered as a series of discrete quantities, represented as the digits 0 and 1 |
Doppler effect | the effect during which the frequency of a wave changes when the source and observer are moving toward or away from each other |
electrical impulses | sudden bursts of electric charge |
electromagnetic wave | a wave, such as visible light or a radio wave, that transfers energy through electric and magnetic fields. This type of wave does not require a medium to propagate. |
focal length | the distance between the center of a convex lens or mirror and the focal point of the lens or mirror |
focal point | the point where parallel rays of radiation meet after being refracted or reflected |
frequency | the number of wave crests that move past a fixed point in a given time period |
harmonic | a whole number multiple of the natural frequency |
incident ray | a ray of light that strikes a surface |
interference | the combination of two traveling waves in the same material. |
mechanical wave | a wave, such as a sound wave or water wave, that is an oscillation of matter. It transfers energy through a medium. |
medium | a substance, such as air or water, through which one can transfer energy by waves |
memory | the part of a computer in which data or program instructions can be stored for retrieval |
multiplexing | combining multiple signals into one |
node | a point on a standing wave of minimum or zero amplitude |
noise immunity | not susceptible to interference |
normal | a line perpendicular to the surface at a particular point |
period | the time for one complete oscillation of a wave to pass a fixed point |
principal axis | line passing through the center of the surface of a lens or spherical mirror |
pulses | sudden bursts |
reflection | bouncing off a surface |
refraction | changing direction after passing from one medium to another |
resonance | vibration of an object at the same natural frequency of a second object, causing the second object to vibrate at an increased amplitude |
resonant frequency | the natural frequency at which an object or system vibrates in response to an external force |
rigidity | the ability of a solid to withstand the application of outside force |
sine waves | an s-shaped, smooth wave that oscillates above and below zero. |
square wave | a periodic wave that varies abruptly in amplitude between two fixed values, spending equal times at each |
standing wave | a wave superposition phenomenon in which peaks and troughs of contributing waves align and amplify the wave |
superposition | when two or more waves occur in the same place and add together |
transition point | the point where a wave characteristic changes, such as the boundary between two media |
trough | the lowest part of the wave |
wave | a disturbance in a medium that carries energy without a net movement of particles |
wave crest | a point on a wave with the highest value above equilibrium |
wave pulse | a special non-periodic waveform that typically has one major crest |
wave speed | the speed of a wave crest |
wave trough | a point on a wave with the lowest value below equilibrium |
wavelength | the distance between corresponding points on adjacent waves, such as two wave crests |
waves | periodic disturbances that transfer energy |