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Motivation/Emotion
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Motivation | Need to reduce a drive |
| Ethologist | Studies animal behavior |
| Sociobiologist | Studies human behavior in evolutionary manner |
| Instincts | innate behavior patterns special to that species. |
| Imprinting | :*baby geese will follow the first thing that moves when they are able to sense motion.* |
| Need | A physiological or psychological requirement. Ex: “I’m hungry” "I want to stop feeling sad." |
| Drive | is derived from the need to fulfill it. |
| Motive | the reason why we take a course of action to eliminate the drive. Strength of the drive = Strength of the motive |
| Clark Hull's Drive Reduction Theory | Clark Hull agreeing with Maslow’s first hierarchy step. |
| Metabolism | chemical reactions in the body that build and breakdown molecules. |
| Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs: | Hierarchy of Needs: Agreed with Clark Hull that we must first satisfy basic needs. Hierarchy of Needs Step One is that basic physiological (bodily) needs must be met before an individual climbs the pyramid. |
| Incentive Theory | Primary Incentive: from within yourself: “I want to do well on my AP exam to prove that I can do it.” Secondary Incentive: from society: I want to do well on my AP exam so my college will know I’m a good student. |
| Yerkes-Dodson"s Arousal Theory | Arousal: Individual’s need to satisfy arousal activity caused by the CNS Levels of Arousal for Performance: High: One might want to skydive Moderate: Another might want to take one AP class. Low: Might get Cs in H.S. and work a 9 to 5 job |
| Physiological Motives | Need for acting on a physiological drive |
| Need | Hunger and thirst |
| Drive | To stop the need for hunger and thirst |
| Motive | Stop and fulfil the need--eat and drink |
| Obesity Set Point | A natural set point for weight determined by # of fat cells in the body. If we eat too much, we increase # fat cells and our set point rises. |
| Eat Less | Metabolism decreases and hunger increases |
| Eat more | Metabolism increases and hunger decreases |
| Emotional Motives | Need for acting on an emotional: drive |
| Emotional Pain Eating Disorders | Bulemia: eating/purging: Motive: to quell the drive of fear of being fat, teased about weight, or suppress sexual abuse. Anorexia: refusal to eat out of need to control. |
| Self-Sabotage | When things are going good, this type of person doesn't feel normal. They purposely mess up, so things start going bad and they feel normal again. |
| Social Motives | Feeling of wanting to belong to a group |
| Achievement | desire to meet a certain internal level of accomplishment |
| Affiliation | need for sense of belonging. We feel threatened if one of our social ties is threatened. |
| Ostracization | cruelest form of punishment: removing person from belonging to a group |
| Extrinsic Motivation | Need to succeed to please someone else, or to get an award |
| Intrinsic Motivation | Need to succeed to please one's self |
| Overjustification Effect | For people who are intrinsically motivated, when you reward them constantly for something they love to do, it decreases their motivation to continue doing it. |
| Social Conflict Situations | 1. Approach-Approach 2. Avoidance-Avoidance 3. Approach-Avoidance |
| Approach-Approach | Having to choose between two equally good options |
| Avoidance-Avoidance | Having to choose between two equally poor options: You are between the rock and the hard place |
| Approach-Avoidance | Having to choose between something that you really want, but it is a poor option for you. |
| Emotion | feeling of pleasantness or unpleasantness comprised of a physical activation and expressive behavior. |
| Evolutionary Theory of Emotion | We have emotions for survival--fear, disgust, surprise, sadness. anger and happiness (which shows all is OK) |
| Paul Ekman | There are six facial expressions for the six emotions, all universally recognized |
| Positive Emotions | Managed by the left side of the brain |
| Negative Emotions | Managed by the right side of the brain |
| Emotion Theories | 1. James-Lange 2. Canon-Bard 3. Schachter-Singer Two Factor 4. Opponent Process 5. Cognitive Appraisal |
| James-Lange Theory | James, Stim/Arousal/Emotion/Behave Stimulus (growling dog) Arousal (adrenaline shoots through us) Emotion (fear) Behavior (run) |
| Canon-Bard Theory | Cannon: Stim/Arousal and Emotion/Behave Stimulus (growling dog) Arousal (adrenaline) and Emotion (Fear) at the same time Behavior (run) |
| Schachter-Singer Theory | Schacter: Stim/arousal/appraise/behave Stimulus (growling dog) Arousal (adrenaline) Cognitive Appraisal (Should I be afraid? If yes-- Behavior (run) Cognitive Appraisal (If I decide I should not be afraid) Behavior (don't run) |
| Opponent Process Theory | 1. Strong Emotion (sympathetic n.s. makes adrenaline pump) 2.Parasympathetic NS kicks in and lowers adrenaline 3. Lesser Emotion than the first |
| Cognitive Appraisal Theory | Cognitive: Stim/Appraisal/Emotion/Behave 1. Stimulus (growling dog) 2. Appraisal: what do I feel at this time? (Fear, Surprise) 3. Whatever emotion I feel, I act accordingly |
| Seyles Adaptation Theory | 1. Alarm 2. Resistance 3. Exhaustion |
| Alarm | oh no! I can't believe this is happening!! |
| Resistance | OK. I'll handle the challenge and do whatever I have to do to accomplish my goal. If resistance is too long a time, illness can set in. |
| Exhaustion | As adrenaline continues to rise, if the Parasympathetic ns can't kick in enough, when you have completed the goal, you are exhausted. |
| Stress terms to know | Type A Personality Type B Personality SSRS |
| Type A Personality | Impatient and stressed person who must control every situation. Most prone to heart attacks because of their anger |
| Type B Personality | Easy going, go with the flow person who handles stressful situations in a calm way and problem solves easily |
| SRRS | Social Readjustment Rating Scale: You rate statements about your current situation. Highest stress--Death in the family, Divorce, Loss of employment, loss of home. Situations decrease in stress from the highest level. Add your score. |
Created by:
lmckay
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