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Personality Theories
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Personality | Consistent Behavior, Feelings or thoughts |
| Ideographic Method | Method for measuring personality on an individual |
| Projective Tests | Used to have the client pull a response quickly from their unconscious. The Rorschach and the TAT are used for this |
| Rorschach | Inkblot test--what do you see here? |
| Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) | A picture is shown and the client tells what they think is happening in the picture. Then themes are found from the client's answers. |
| Nomethodic Method | Used to measure personality traits with groups--using surveys and personality tests |
| Psychodynamic (Psychoanalytical) Theorists--what happened in your childhood that is affecting you now | 1. Freud 2. Horney 3. Erikson 4. Jung 5. Adler |
| Freud's 5 Psychosexual stages of Personality/Childhood Development | 1. Oral 2. Anal 3. Phallic 4. Latency 5. Genital |
| Oral Stage | Everything goes in the mouth--if you are fixated in this stage, your mother stopped breastfeeding you too soon. |
| Anal Stage | Potty training: If you worry and fret, you are anal retentive: your mother was too strict while toilet training. If you are a slob, you are anal explosive and she wasn't strict enough with you. |
| Phallic Stage | Oedipus Stage/Penis Envy: little girls fall in love with their fathers and little boys with their mothers. They worry they will lose the love of the same sex parent because they are competing for their mate. So they re-attach to the same sex parent |
| Latency Stage | They are ridden with anxiety after their first attempt at an opposite sex relationship so they only want to be with same sex friends |
| Genital Stage | They feel more comfortable with opposite sex relationships |
| Defense Mechanisms | How we protect our self-esteem |
| Repression | Pushing unpleasant occurrences down into the unconscious |
| Denial | Being unable to admit fault |
| Sublimation | Turning to creativity when something traumatic occurs--writing, art, music |
| Displacement | When you are hurt, instead of striking out at the person who hurt you, you take anger out on another person |
| Reaction-Formation | Acting in the opposite way that would be expected--laughing at a funeral |
| Projection | Taking a fault you don't want to admit and telling someone else that they have that fault. In other words, projecting your own fault as someone else's much to their surprise |
| Regression | When upset, returning to a child like state to soothe yourself--a fetal position, doing under the covers |
| Transference | Falling in love with your therapist or considering them a parent, so you are working to please them, instead of working toward your better self |
| Rationalization | Making a socially acceptable apology to make up for hurting another person |
| Three parts of the mind | Id/Ego/Superego |
| Id | Two year old self--I want this! I want it now! |
| Superego | Your conscience representing parents/teachers |
| Ego | The judge that mediates between the id and the superego to try and give you a win-win. Anything that is unsafe, the ego will always refuse. |
| Large Ego | Unbalanced will side with the Id |
| Small Ego | Unbalanced will side with the Superego and you will be afraid to make a misstep or take a chance |
| Karen Horney | Rejected penis envy. Mothers must go to their babies when they cry and take care of their needs. When they do this, their selves begin to integrate and they become secure. If mothers don't, the babies have non-integrated personalities. |
| Erik Erikson | Agreed with Horney, but said too simplistic. we never stop growing. |
| Trust v. Mistrust | Mothers must go to babies when they cry. Their selves become whole and they learn to trust others and themselves |
| Autonomy v. Shame and Doubt | Children should be allowed to dress themselves and toilet before going to preschool. The self will be more at ease and stronger. |
| Initiative v. Guilt | Children enjoy working with the same sex parent--dad out in the yard or mom in the kitchen. This will create a child who is unafraid of trying something new. |
| Industry v. Inferiority | Allow children to do adult chores like washing clothes, loading the dishwasher, changing their beds |
| Identity v. Confusion | Lynch pin for every stage after this. Teens must find their identity so they can easily make good friends and expect the best for themselves |
| Intimacy v. Isolation | If you have your identity, you will be able to make long-lasting relationships or see a red flag when someone is not for you. |
| Generativity v. Stagnation | Mid 30s to 50s: Time when people establish a career or marry or have children |
| Ego Integrity v. Despair | When retired, people look back on their lives and wonder if they have made a difference in the world. Have they taken every opportunity to make themselves better? |
| Jung | Spiritual in nature. Personal unconscious - that of the individual Collective unconscious - What we carry from clan time as well as attitudes that reflect our moral growth |
| Adler | Pro-feminism--girls should feel equal in the family. Inferiority complex can cripple us with perceived inadequacies that are untrue Birth Order and traits of the oldest, middle and younger child |
| Non-Psychodynamic Theorists | Rogers and Maslow Bandura Walter Mischel Julian Rotter Eysenck Kagan Allport |
| Rogers and Maslow | Humanistic Approach: Everyone tries to be the best they can be. 0r something is blocking their way up the hierarchy Real and Ideal Self--when the two are aligned, you have reached self-actualization. Unconditional positive regard--love no matter what. |
| Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs | 1. Physiological Needs 2. Safety Needs 3. Love and Sense of Belonging 4. Self-Esteem 5. Self-Actualization |
| Social Cognition | Way our social world influences our thinking. |
| Bandura | Bobo doll experiment Reciprocal Determinism: Two way street to affect other's personality and for them to affect yours..Self-Efficacy: being able to take care of yourself Collective Efficacy: group working together can accomplish what you can't alone. |
| Julian Rotter | Locus of control--where do you place your control? Internal Locus-you are in charge of yourself and don't blame others External Locus-fate or luck controls you--no control over your existence |
| Walter Mischel | The situation causes the personality--example of women working in WWII and after, being pushed to the suburbs to be housewives. |
| Biological School of Personality | Traits are innate or caused by something during pregnancy |
| Eysenck (or Costa and McCrae) | Big 5 Personality Traits: extroversion/intraversion; openminded /closed minded; neurotic/not neurotic; conscientious/not consc.; agreeable/disagreeable |
| Kagan | Temperament identified in 3-4 month olds: agreeable/disagreeable/slow to warm |
| Allport | Cardinal trait--main personality trait Central traits - 5-7 traits that support the cardinal trait |
Created by:
lmckay
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