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Positioning
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| A properly positioned PA axial (Caldwell) projection of the skull directs the central ray: | 10 - 15 degrees caudal, exiting the nasion. |
| The term indicating movement away from the body is | Abduction |
| The AP projection of the coccyx requires that the CR be directed | 2 inches superior to the pubic symphysis |
| The hard palate is formed by the | Palatine and Maxillary bones |
| best demonstrates the proximal tibiofibular articulation | 45-degree internal rotation |
| best demonstrates the lumbosacral junction in the AP recumbent position? | CR cephalad 30–35 degrees |
| A lesion with a stalk projecting from the intestinal mucosa into the lumen is a(n) | polyp |
| When evaluating a PA axial projection of the skull with a 15-degree caudal angle, the radiographer should see | 1. petrous pyramids in the lower third of the orbits 2. equal distance from the lateral border of the skull to the lateral rim of the orbit bilaterally 3. symmetrical petrous pyramids |
| An AP axial projection of the cervical spine is performed with a central ray angle directed 15 to 20 degrees cephalad. This will result in: | Visualization of intervertebral disk spaces on the resulting radiograph. |
| While positioning a patient for a lateral projection of the sternum, the technologist should: | Arch the shoulders backwards, with fingers interlaced behind the patients back. |
| When modifying the PA axial projection of the skull to demonstrate superior orbital fissures, the central ray is directed | 25° to 30° caudad. |
| In which type of fracture are the fractured ends of bone forced through the skin? | Compound |
| radiologic examination that can demonstrate ureteral reflux | Voiding cystourethrogram |
| he junction of articulation between the lambdoidal suture and the squamosal suture exists between what bones? | At junction of the temporal, parietal, and occipital |
| Which of the following positions would demonstrate the right lumbar zygapophyseal articulations closest to the IR? | RPO |
| A patient suffering from orthopnea would experience the least discomfort in which body position? | Erect |
| In the anterior oblique position of the cervical spine, the CR should be directed | 15° caudad to C4 |
| Glossitis is inflammation of | Tongue |
| Vertebral groups that form lordotic curves | Cervical and lumbar |
| To demonstrate the mandibular body in the PA position, the | CR is perpendicular to IR |
| Right Upper Quadrant (RUQ) | Liver, duodenum, pyloris, right kidney, gall bladder |
| Right Lower Quadrant (RLQ) | Appendix, cecum, ascending colon, bladder |
| Left Upper Quadrant (LUQ) | Stomach, spleen, left kidney, pancreas |
| Left Lower Quadrant (LLQ) | Sigmoid colon, descending colon, bladder, uterus |
| Cervical Area | C1 - Mastoid tip (right under ear) C2, C3 - Gonion (angle of mandible) C3, C4 - Hyoid bone C5 - Thyroid Cartilage C7, T1 - Vertebra prominens |
| Thoracic Area | T1 - Approximately 2 inches above jugular notch T2, T3 - Level of jugular notch T4, T5 - Level of sternal angle T7 - Level of inferior angles of scapulae T9, T10 - Level of xiphoid process |
| Lumbar Area | L2, L3 - Inferior costal margin L4, L5 - Level of superior most aspect of iliac crests |
| Sacrum and Pelvic Area | S1, S2 - Level of anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS) Coccyx - Level of pubic symphysis and greater trochanters |
| Sthenic | 50% -Heart: moderately transverse -Lungs: moderate length -Diaphragm: moderately high -Stomach: high, upper left -Colon: spread evenly; slight dip in transverse colon -Gallbladder: centered on right side, super abdomen -Build: moderately heavy |
| Hyposthenic | 35% Organs and characteristics for this habitus are intermediate between sthenic and asthenic body habitus types; this habitus is the most difficult to classify |
| Asthenic | 10% -Heart: nearly vertical and at midline -Lungs: long, apices above clavicles, may be broader above base -Diaphragm: low -Stomach: low and medial, in the pelvis when standing -Colon: low, folds on itself -Gallbladder: low and nearer the midline |
| Hypersthenic | 5% -Heart: axis nearly transverse -Lungs: short, apices at or near clavicles -Diaphragm: high -Stomach: high, transverse, and in the middle -Colon: around periphery of abdomen -Gallbladder: high, outside, lies more parallel |
| What is the tapered end of the spinal cord called | Conus Medullaris |
| Where does the vertebral column articulate with the hip bone | SI Joints |
| How many vertebrae make up a young child's vertebral column | 33 |
| What are the articulations between the processes of the articular pillars called | Zygapophyseal Joints |
| What is the costotransverse joint formed between | Tubercle of the rib and transverse process of the vertebrae |
| The term valgus refers to | Turned outward |
| Which projection would best demonstrate subacromial or subcoracoid dislocation | PA oblique scapular Y |
| what projection best demonstrates the carpal pisiform free of superimposition | AP oblique |
| Angulation of the CR may be required | 1. to avoid superimposition of overlying structures 2. To avoid foreshortening or self superimposition 3. in order to project through certain articulations |
| Flattening of the hemidiaphragms is characteristic of what condition? | emphysema |
| The innominate bone is located in the | Pelvis |
| Shown in lateral projection of the cervical spine | • Intervertebral foramina • Apophyseal joints • Intervertebral joints |
| The distal humerus articulates with the radius and ulna to form | Elbow joint |
| The tubercles are prominences located at the | proximal humerus and are anatomically remote from the elbow joint. |
| The LPO position of the large intestine | will demonstrate the hepatic flexure and ascending colon |
| The RPO position - large intestine - demonstrates the splenic flexure and descending colon. | the splenic flexure and descending colon |
| best position/projection to demonstrate the longitudinal arch of the foot? | Lateromedial weight-bearing lateral |
| The lateral projection of the knee, the central ray is angled 5° cephalad to | prevent superimposition of which of the following structures on the joint space |
| The symhysis pubisis in the same transverse plane as | ASIS |
| Structures of the mediastinum | Heart Trachea Esophagus |
| A patient lying supine on the x-ray table with the CR directed horizontally to the iliac crest is in the | dorsal decubitus position |
| To obtain an AP projection of the right ilium, the patient's | left side is elevated 40°. |
| right sacroiliac joint may be demonstrated in the | LPO and RAO |
| describe the alignment, or misalignment, between the ends of fractured long bones | Apposition |
| describes the direction of misalignment between the ends of fractured long bones | angulation |
| refers to a dislocation | Luxation |
| a wrenched articulation with ligament injury | Sprain |
| The long, flat structures that project posteromedially from the pedicles are the | Laminae |
| first carpometacarpal joint is formed by the articulation of the base of the first metacarpal and the | Trapezium |
| first carpometacarpal joint is formed by the articulation of the base of the first metacarpal and the | Esophagus |
| How many lobes does the right lung have? | 3 |
| A lateral chest examination should be performed in dorsal decubitus position | Rule out air fluid levels on trauma pt |
Created by:
lstevens17
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