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Term | Definition |
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Sediments | Sediments are small pieces of rock that are moved and deposited by water, wind, glaciers, and gravity. |
Weathering | A set of physical and chemical processes that breaks rock into smaller pieces. |
Chemical Weathering | Chemical weathering occurs when the minerals in a rock are dissolved or otherwise chemically changed. |
Physical Weathering | Minerals remain chemically unchanged. Rock fragments break off of the solid rock along fractures or grain boundaries. |
Erosion | The removal and transport of sediment |
Deposition | When transported sediments are deposited on the ground or sink to the bottom of a body of water |
Lithification | the physical and chemical processes that transform sediments into sedimentary rocks. |
Compaction | Lithifiation begins with compaction. The weight of overlying sediments forces the sediment grains closer together. |
Cementation | Cementation occurs when mineral growth glues sediment grains together into solid rock. |
Bedding | The primary feature of sedimentary rocks is horizontal layering |
Graded bedding | Bedding in which the particle sizes become pro- gressively heavier and coarser toward the bottom layers |
Cross Bedding | Another characteristic feature of sedimentary rocks is cross-bedding. |
Ripple Marks | When sediment is moved into small ridges by wind or wave action or by a river current, ripple marks form. The |