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RADT 465 Procedures

QuestionAnswer
PA Chest Lampignano, J. P., Kendrick, L. E., & Bontrager, K. L. (2018). Chest. In Bontrager's textbook of Radiographic positioning and related anatomy (Ninth, p. 92). essay, Elsevier. SID 72", Grid, CR to level of T7, min. of 10 posterior ribs, shows pleural effusion, pneumothorax, atelectasis
Lateral Chest Lampignano, J. P., Kendrick, L. E., & Bontrager, K. L. (2018). Chest. In Bontrager's textbook of Radiographic positioning and related anatomy (Ninth, p. 94). essay, Elsevier. SID 72", Grid, CR to level of T7, no more than .5" of rotation between ribs, pathology posterior to heart, great vessels, and sternum
AP Chest Lampignano, J. P., Kendrick, L. E., & Bontrager, K. L. (2018). Chest. In Bontrager's textbook of Radiographic positioning and related anatomy (Ninth, p. 96). essay, Elsevier. SID 48-72", Grid, CR to level of T7, CR angled caudal to be perpendicular to sternum, increased magnification of heart
Lateral Decub AP Chest Lampignano, J. P., Kendrick, L. E., & Bontrager, K. L. (2018). Chest. In Bontrager's textbook of Radiographic positioning and related anatomy (Ninth, p. 97). essay, Elsevier. SID 72", Grid, CR to level of T7, horizontal beam, fluid: side down, Air: side up
AP Lordotic Chest Lampignano, J. P., Kendrick, L. E., & Bontrager, K. L. (2018). Chest. In Bontrager's textbook of Radiographic positioning and related anatomy (Ninth, p. 98). essay, Elsevier. SID 72", Grid, CR to level of midsternum, CR 15 to 20 degrees cephalic, rule out masses under clavicles
AP Upper Airway Lampignano, J. P., Kendrick, L. E., & Bontrager, K. L. (2018). Chest. In Bontrager's textbook of Radiographic positioning and related anatomy (Ninth, p. 103). essay, Elsevier. SID 40", Grid, CR perpendicular to T1/T2 (1" above jugular notch)
Lateral Upper Airway Lampignano, J. P., Kendrick, L. E., & Bontrager, K. L. (2018). Chest. In Bontrager's textbook of Radiographic positioning and related anatomy (Ninth, p. 102). essay, Elsevier. SID 72", Grid, CR to C6/C7, rule out epiglotittis
KUB Lampignano, J. P., Kendrick, L. E., & Bontrager, K. L. (2018). Abdomen. In Bontrager's textbook of Radiographic positioning and related anatomy (Ninth, p. 118). essay, Elsevier. SID 40", Grid, CR to iliac crest, shows bowel obstruction, ascites
PA Prone Abdomen Lampignano, J. P., Kendrick, L. E., & Bontrager, K. L. (2018). Abdomen. In Bontrager's textbook of Radiographic positioning and related anatomy (Ninth, p. 120). essay, Elsevier. SID 40", Grid, CR to iliac crest, increased OID but lower exposure
Lateral Decub AP Abdomen Lampignano, J. P., Kendrick, L. E., & Bontrager, K. L. (2018). Abdomen. In Bontrager's textbook of Radiographic positioning and related anatomy (Ninth, p. 121). essay, Elsevier. SID 40", Grid, CR horizontal to 2" above iliac crest, left side down shows free air over liver, pt on side min. of 5 minutes
AP Erect Abdomen Lampignano, J. P., Kendrick, L. E., & Bontrager, K. L. (2018). Abdomen. In Bontrager's textbook of Radiographic positioning and related anatomy (Ninth, p. 122). essay, Elsevier. SID 40", Grid, CR 2" above iliac crest, shows air fluid levels
Dorsal Decub Abdomen Lampignano, J. P., Kendrick, L. E., & Bontrager, K. L. (2018). Abdomen. In Bontrager's textbook of Radiographic positioning and related anatomy (Ninth, p. 123). essay, Elsevier. SID 40", Grid, CR horizontal to center of IR, shows masses, air fluid levels, aneurysms, hernia
Acute Abdominal Series consists of what? Lampignano, J. P., Kendrick, L. E., & Bontrager, K. L. (2018). Abdomen. In Bontrager's textbook of Radiographic positioning and related anatomy (Ninth, p. 125). essay, Elsevier. AP Supine, Erect or lateral decub, and PA chest
Acute Abdominal series indications: Lampignano, J. P., Kendrick, L. E., & Bontrager, K. L. (2018). Abdomen. In Bontrager's textbook of Radiographic positioning and related anatomy (Ninth, p. 125). essay, Elsevier. Ileus, Ascites, perforated hollow viscus, intra-abdominal mass
RAO Sternum Lampignano, J. P., Kendrick, L. E., & Bontrager, K. L. (2018). Bony Thorax – Sternum and Ribs. In Bontrager's textbook of Radiographic positioning and related anatomy (Ninth, p. 364). essay, Elsevier. SID 40", Grid, CR 1" left of midline and midway between jugular notch and process, 15-20 degree oblique, sternum over heart shadow
Lateral Sternum Lampignano, J. P., Kendrick, L. E., & Bontrager, K. L. (2018). Bony Thorax – Sternum and Ribs. In Bontrager's textbook of Radiographic positioning and related anatomy (Ninth, p. 365). essay, Elsevier. SID 40", Grid, CR to center of sternum, inspiration
SC Joints PA Lampignano, J. P., Kendrick, L. E., & Bontrager, K. L. (2018). Bony Thorax – Sternum and Ribs. In Bontrager's textbook of Radiographic positioning and related anatomy (Ninth, p. 366). essay, Elsevier. SID 40", Grid, CR to T2/T3 or 3" distal to vertebral prominence, expiration
LAO/RAO SC Joints Lampignano, J. P., Kendrick, L. E., & Bontrager, K. L. (2018). Bony Thorax – Sternum and Ribs. In Bontrager's textbook of Radiographic positioning and related anatomy (Ninth, p. 367). essay, Elsevier. SID 40", Grid, CR to T2/T3 or 3" distal to vertebral prominence and 1-2" lateral to MSP, 10-15 degree oblique, shows SC joint down
AP ribs above diaphragm Lampignano, J. P., Kendrick, L. E., & Bontrager, K. L. (2018). Bony Thorax – Sternum and Ribs. In Bontrager's textbook of Radiographic positioning and related anatomy (Ninth, p. 368). essay, Elsevier. SID 40", Grid, CR to T7, inspiration, posterior rib pain
PA ribs above diaphragm Lampignano, J. P., Kendrick, L. E., & Bontrager, K. L. (2018). Bony Thorax – Sternum and Ribs. In Bontrager's textbook of Radiographic positioning and related anatomy (Ninth, p. 369). essay, Elsevier. SID 40", Grid, CR to T7, inspiration, anterior rib pain
Below diaphragm ribs Lampignano, J. P., Kendrick, L. E., & Bontrager, K. L. (2018). Bony Thorax – Sternum and Ribs. In Bontrager's textbook of Radiographic positioning and related anatomy (Ninth, p. 370). essay, Elsevier. SID 40", Grid, CR midway between xiphoid process and lower rib margin, expiration
Anterior oblique ribs Lampignano, J. P., Kendrick, L. E., & Bontrager, K. L. (2018). Bony Thorax – Sternum and Ribs. In Bontrager's textbook of Radiographic positioning and related anatomy (Ninth, p. 371). essay, Elsevier. SID 40", Grid, CR to T7, 45 degree oblique, affected side away from IR
Posterior oblique ribs Lampignano, J. P., Kendrick, L. E., & Bontrager, K. L. (2018). Bony Thorax – Sternum and Ribs. In Bontrager's textbook of Radiographic positioning and related anatomy (Ninth, p. 371). essay, Elsevier. SID 40", Grid, CR to T7, 45 degree oblique, affected side closest to IR
AP AC Joints Lampignano, J. P., Kendrick, L. E., & Bontrager, K. L. (2018). Humerus and Shoulder Girdle. In Bontrager's textbook of Radiographic positioning and related anatomy (Ninth, p. 205). essay, Elsevier. SID 40", Grid, CR to midpoint between AC joints (1"above jugular notch), with weights shows widening of joint space
AP Scapula Lampignano, J. P., Kendrick, L. E., & Bontrager, K. L. (2018). Humerus and Shoulder Girdle. In Bontrager's textbook of Radiographic positioning and related anatomy (Ninth, p. 207). essay, Elsevier. SID 40", Grid, CR to perpendicular to midscapula (2" inferior to coracoid process and 2" medial from lateral border of pt), abduct arm 90 degrees and supinate hand
Lateral Scapula Lampignano, J. P., Kendrick, L. E., & Bontrager, K. L. (2018). Humerus and Shoulder Girdle. In Bontrager's textbook of Radiographic positioning and related anatomy (Ninth, p. 208). essay, Elsevier. SID 40", Grid, CR to midvertebral border of scapula, 45 degree LAO for lateral body, 60 degree oblique LAO for lateral acromion or coracoid
AP or PA Clavicle Lampignano, J. P., Kendrick, L. E., & Bontrager, K. L. (2018). Humerus and Shoulder Girdle. In Bontrager's textbook of Radiographic positioning and related anatomy (Ninth, p. 204). essay, Elsevier. SID 40", Grid, CR perpendicular to midclavicle
Supraspinatus Outlet Shoulder NEER METHOD Lampignano, J. P., Kendrick, L. E., & Bontrager, K. L. (2018). Humerus and Shoulder Girdle. In Bontrager's textbook of Radiographic positioning and related anatomy (Ninth, p. 202). essay, Elsevier. SID 40", Grid, CR 10-15 caudal angle, shows coracoacromial arch for shoulder impingement
AP Humerus Lampignano, J. P., Kendrick, L. E., & Bontrager, K. L. (2018). Humerus and Shoulder Girdle. In Bontrager's textbook of Radiographic positioning and related anatomy (Ninth, p. 187). essay, Elsevier. SID 40", Grid, CR to midpoint of humerus, abduct arm and supinate hand
How are the epicondyles positioned in an AP Humerus? Lampignano, J. P., Kendrick, L. E., & Bontrager, K. L. (2018). Humerus and Shoulder Girdle. In Bontrager's textbook of Radiographic positioning and related anatomy (Ninth, p. 187). essay, Elsevier. parellel to IR
How is the greater tubercle positioned in an AP humerus? in profile laterally Lampignano, J. P., Kendrick, L. E., & Bontrager, K. L. (2018). Humerus and Shoulder Girdle. In Bontrager's textbook of Radiographic positioning and related anatomy (Ninth, p. 187). essay, Elsevier.
Lateral Humerus Lampignano, J. P., Kendrick, L. E., & Bontrager, K. L. (2018). Humerus and Shoulder Girdle. In Bontrager's textbook of Radiographic positioning and related anatomy (Ninth, p. 188). essay, Elsevier. SID 40", Grid, CR to midpoint of humerus, internally rotate arm
How are the epicondyles positioned in a Lateral Humerus? perpendicular to IR Lampignano, J. P., Kendrick, L. E., & Bontrager, K. L. (2018). Humerus and Shoulder Girdle. In Bontrager's textbook of Radiographic positioning and related anatomy (Ninth, p. 188). essay, Elsevier.
How is the lesser tubercle positioned in a Lateral humerus? in profile medially Lampignano, J. P., Kendrick, L. E., & Bontrager, K. L. (2018). Humerus and Shoulder Girdle. In Bontrager's textbook of Radiographic positioning and related anatomy (Ninth, p. 188). essay, Elsevier.
Transthoracic Humerus TRAUMA Lampignano, J. P., Kendrick, L. E., & Bontrager, K. L. (2018). Humerus and Shoulder Girdle. In Bontrager's textbook of Radiographic positioning and related anatomy (Ninth, p. 190). essay, Elsevier. SID 40", Grid, CR perpendicular through thorax to mid diaphysis, orthostatic breathing
AP Shoulder External Lampignano, J. P., Kendrick, L. E., & Bontrager, K. L. (2018). Humerus and Shoulder Girdle. In Bontrager's textbook of Radiographic positioning and related anatomy (Ninth, p. 191). essay, Elsevier. SID 40", Grid, CR 1" inferior to coracoid process, humeral epicondyles parallel to IR, greater tubercle in full profile
AP Shoulder Internal Lampignano, J. P., Kendrick, L. E., & Bontrager, K. L. (2018). Humerus and Shoulder Girdle. In Bontrager's textbook of Radiographic positioning and related anatomy (Ninth, p. 192). essay, Elsevier. SID 40", Grid, CR 1" inferior to coracoid process, humeral epicondyles perpendicular to IR, lesser tubercle in full profile
Inferosuperior Axial Shoulder Lawrence Method Lampignano, J. P., Kendrick, L. E., & Bontrager, K. L. (2018). Humerus and Shoulder Girdle. In Bontrager's textbook of Radiographic positioning and related anatomy (Ninth, p. 193). essay, Elsevier. SID 40", Grid, CR medially 25-30 degrees centered horizontally to axilla and humeral head, shows Hill-Sachs defect
AP Oblique Glenoid Cavity Shoulder - Grashey Lampignano, J. P., Kendrick, L. E., & Bontrager, K. L. (2018). Humerus and Shoulder Girdle. In Bontrager's textbook of Radiographic positioning and related anatomy (Ninth, p. 196). essay, Elsevier. SID 40", Grid, CR to scapulohumeral joint (2" inferior and 2" medial to superolateral border, pt 35-45 toward affected side, shows Bankart lesion
AP Shoulder neutral trauma Lampignano, J. P., Kendrick, L. E., & Bontrager, K. L. (2018). Humerus and Shoulder Girdle. In Bontrager's textbook of Radiographic positioning and related anatomy (Ninth, p. 199). essay, Elsevier. SID 40", Grid, CR to midscapulohumeral joint, epicondyles 45 degree to IR, tubercles superimposed
PA Oblique Scapular Y Lateral Lampignano, J. P., Kendrick, L. E., & Bontrager, K. L. (2018). Humerus and Shoulder Girdle. In Bontrager's textbook of Radiographic positioning and related anatomy (Ninth, p. 201). essay, Elsevier. SID 40", Grid, CR to scapulohumeral joint, 2" below AC joint, 45-60 oblique, true lateral of scapula
AP Clavicle Lampignano, J. P., Kendrick, L. E., & Bontrager, K. L. (2018). Humerus and Shoulder Girdle. In Bontrager's textbook of Radiographic positioning and related anatomy (Ninth, p. 204). essay, Elsevier. SID 40", Grid, CR to midclavicle
AP Axial Clavicle Lampignano, J. P., Kendrick, L. E., & Bontrager, K. L. (2018). Humerus and Shoulder Girdle. In Bontrager's textbook of Radiographic positioning and related anatomy (Ninth, p. 204). essay, Elsevier. SID 40", Grid, CR 15-30 degrees cephalad to midclavicle, asthenic 25-30, hypersthenic 15-20
PA Fingers Lampignano, J. P., Kendrick, L. E., & Bontrager, K. L. (2018). Upper Limb. In Bontrager's textbook of Radiographic positioning and related anatomy (Ninth, p. 142). essay, Elsevier. SID 40", nongrid, CR to PIP joint
PA Oblique Finger Lampignano, J. P., Kendrick, L. E., & Bontrager, K. L. (2018). Upper Limb. In Bontrager's textbook of Radiographic positioning and related anatomy (Ninth, p. 143). essay, Elsevier. SID 40", nongrid, CR to PIP joint, 45 degree oblique, 1st and 2nd digit: medial, 3rd-5th digit: lateral
Lateral Finger Lampignano, J. P., Kendrick, L. E., & Bontrager, K. L. (2018). Upper Limb. In Bontrager's textbook of Radiographic positioning and related anatomy (Ninth, p. 144). essay, Elsevier. SID 40", nongrid, CR to PIP, include MCP joint
AP Thumb Lampignano, J. P., Kendrick, L. E., & Bontrager, K. L. (2018). Upper Limb. In Bontrager's textbook of Radiographic positioning and related anatomy (Ninth, p. 145). essay, Elsevier. SID 40", nongrid, CR to 1st MCP joint, AP decreases OID, include entire 1st metacarpal and trapezium
Oblique Thumb Lampignano, J. P., Kendrick, L. E., & Bontrager, K. L. (2018). Upper Limb. In Bontrager's textbook of Radiographic positioning and related anatomy (Ninth, p. 146). essay, Elsevier. SID 40", nongrid, CR to 1st MCP joint, 45 degree oblique
Lateral Thumb Lampignano, J. P., Kendrick, L. E., & Bontrager, K. L. (2018). Upper Limb. In Bontrager's textbook of Radiographic positioning and related anatomy (Ninth, p. 147). essay, Elsevier. SID 40", nongrid, CR to 1st MCP joint, 1st metacarpal and trapezium included
PA Hand Lampignano, J. P., Kendrick, L. E., & Bontrager, K. L. (2018). Upper Limb. In Bontrager's textbook of Radiographic positioning and related anatomy (Ninth, p. 150). essay, Elsevier. SID 40", nongrid, CR to 3rd MCP joint, 1" of distal forearm is visible
PA Oblique Hand Lampignano, J. P., Kendrick, L. E., & Bontrager, K. L. (2018). Upper Limb. In Bontrager's textbook of Radiographic positioning and related anatomy (Ninth, p. 151). essay, Elsevier. SID 40", nongrid, CR to 3rd MCP joint, 45 degree oblique
Fan Lateral Hand Lampignano, J. P., Kendrick, L. E., & Bontrager, K. L. (2018). Upper Limb. In Bontrager's textbook of Radiographic positioning and related anatomy (Ninth, p. 152). essay, Elsevier. SID 40", nongrid, CR to 2nd MCP joint
PA/AP wrist Lampignano, J. P., Kendrick, L. E., & Bontrager, K. L. (2018). Upper Limb. In Bontrager's textbook of Radiographic positioning and related anatomy (Ninth, p. 155). essay, Elsevier. SID 40", nongrid, CR to midcarpal area
Lateral wrist Lampignano, J. P., Kendrick, L. E., & Bontrager, K. L. (2018). Upper Limb. In Bontrager's textbook of Radiographic positioning and related anatomy (Ninth, p. 157). essay, Elsevier. SID 40", nongrid, CR to midcarpal area, ulnar head superimposed over radius
PA Oblique Wrist Lampignano, J. P., Kendrick, L. E., & Bontrager, K. L. (2018). Upper Limb. In Bontrager's textbook of Radiographic positioning and related anatomy (Ninth, p. 156). essay, Elsevier. SID 40", nongrid, CR to midcarpal area, 45 degree oblique, trapezium and scaphoid well visualized
PA and PA Axial Scaphoid Lampignano, J. P., Kendrick, L. E., & Bontrager, K. L. (2018). Upper Limb. In Bontrager's textbook of Radiographic positioning and related anatomy (Ninth, p. 158). essay, Elsevier. SID 40", nongrid, CR to scaphoid, 10-15 degrees proximally, ulnar deviation, for fx of scaphoid
PA Scaphoid Modified Stecher Method Lampignano, J. P., Kendrick, L. E., & Bontrager, K. L. (2018). Upper Limb. In Bontrager's textbook of Radiographic positioning and related anatomy (Ninth, p. 159). essay, Elsevier. SID 40", nongrid, CR to scaphoid, 3/4" distal and medial to radial styloid process, hand elevated 20 degrees, ulnar deviation
Carpal Canal (Tunnel) Gaynor-Hart Method Lampignano, J. P., Kendrick, L. E., & Bontrager, K. L. (2018). Upper Limb. In Bontrager's textbook of Radiographic positioning and related anatomy (Ninth, p. 161). essay, Elsevier. SID 40", nongrid, CR 25-30 degrees to long axis of hand 1" distal to base of 3rd metatarsal
AP Forearm Lampignano, J. P., Kendrick, L. E., & Bontrager, K. L. (2018). Upper Limb. In Bontrager's textbook of Radiographic positioning and related anatomy (Ninth, p. 164). essay, Elsevier. SID 40", nongrid, CR to mid forearm
Lateral Forearm Lampignano, J. P., Kendrick, L. E., & Bontrager, K. L. (2018). Upper Limb. In Bontrager's textbook of Radiographic positioning and related anatomy (Ninth, p. 165). essay, Elsevier. SID 40", nongrid, CR to mid forearm, elbow flexed 90 degrees
AP Elbow Lampignano, J. P., Kendrick, L. E., & Bontrager, K. L. (2018). Upper Limb. In Bontrager's textbook of Radiographic positioning and related anatomy (Ninth, p. 166). essay, Elsevier. SID 40", nongrid, CR to mid elbow joint, true AP
AP Elbow Partial Flexion Lampignano, J. P., Kendrick, L. E., & Bontrager, K. L. (2018). Upper Limb. In Bontrager's textbook of Radiographic positioning and related anatomy (Ninth, p. 167). essay, Elsevier. SID 40", nongrid, CR to mid elbow joint, 2 projections: one with forearm parallel to IR and one with humerus parallel to IR
AP Oblique Elbow External rotation Lampignano, J. P., Kendrick, L. E., & Bontrager, K. L. (2018). Upper Limb. In Bontrager's textbook of Radiographic positioning and related anatomy (Ninth, p. 169). essay, Elsevier. SID 40", nongrid, CR to mid elbow joint, 45 degree oblique, best for radial head and neck & capitulum of humerus
AP Oblique Elbow Internal rotation Lampignano, J. P., Kendrick, L. E., & Bontrager, K. L. (2018). Upper Limb. In Bontrager's textbook of Radiographic positioning and related anatomy (Ninth, p. 171). essay, Elsevier. SID 40", nongrid, CR to mid elbow joint, palm down, 45 degree oblique, shows. coronoid process of ulna and trochlea
Lateral Elbow Lampignano, J. P., Kendrick, L. E., & Bontrager, K. L. (2018). Upper Limb. In Bontrager's textbook of Radiographic positioning and related anatomy (Ninth, p. 172). essay, Elsevier. SID 40", nongrid, CR to mid elbow joint, elevated or displaced fat pads
What is shown on a true lateral elbow? Lampignano, J. P., Kendrick, L. E., & Bontrager, K. L. (2018). Upper Limb. In Bontrager's textbook of Radiographic positioning and related anatomy (Ninth, p. 172). essay, Elsevier. Trochlear sulcus, double ridges of capitulum and trochlea, and trochlear notch
Trauma Axial Elbow Coyle Method Radial Head Lampignano, J. P., Kendrick, L. E., & Bontrager, K. L. (2018). Upper Limb. In Bontrager's textbook of Radiographic positioning and related anatomy (Ninth, p. 173). essay, Elsevier. SID 40", nongrid, elbow flexed 90 degrees, CR 45 degrees toward shoulder to radial head
Trauma Axial Elbow Coyle Method Coronoid Process Lampignano, J. P., Kendrick, L. E., & Bontrager, K. L. (2018). Upper Limb. In Bontrager's textbook of Radiographic positioning and related anatomy (Ninth, p. 173). essay, Elsevier. SID 40", nongrid, elbow flexed 80 degrees, CR 45 degrees from shoulder to mid elbow joint
PA and PA Axial Scaphoid Lampignano, J. P., Kendrick, L. E., & Bontrager, K. L. (2018). Upper Limb. In Bontrager's textbook of Radiographic positioning and related anatomy (Ninth, p. 158). essay, Elsevier. SID 40", nongrid, CR 10-15 degrees proximally, CR to scaphoid, ulnar deviation
RAO Upper GI Sthenic Pt Lampignano, J. P., Kendrick, L. E., & Bontrager, K. L. (2018). Biliary Tract and Upper Gastrointestinal System. In Bontrager's textbook of Radiographic positioning and related anatomy (Ninth, p. 482). essay, Elsevier. SID 40", Grid, CR to L1 (duodenal bulb), 45-55 degrees oblique
RAO Upper GI Asthenic Pt Lampignano, J. P., Kendrick, L. E., & Bontrager, K. L. (2018). Biliary Tract and Upper Gastrointestinal System. In Bontrager's textbook of Radiographic positioning and related anatomy (Ninth, p. 482). essay, Elsevier. SID 40", Grid, CR 2" below L1, 40 degree oblique
RAO Upper GI Hypersthenic Pt Lampignano, J. P., Kendrick, L. E., & Bontrager, K. L. (2018). Biliary Tract and Upper Gastrointestinal System. In Bontrager's textbook of Radiographic positioning and related anatomy (Ninth, p. 482). essay, Elsevier. SID 40", Grid, CR 2" above L1, 70 degrees oblique
PA Upper GI Sthenic Pt Lampignano, J. P., Kendrick, L. E., & Bontrager, K. L. (2018). Biliary Tract and Upper Gastrointestinal System. In Bontrager's textbook of Radiographic positioning and related anatomy (Ninth, p. 483). essay, Elsevier. SID 40", Grid, CR to L1 and 1" left of vertebral column
PA Upper GI Asthenic Pt Lampignano, J. P., Kendrick, L. E., & Bontrager, K. L. (2018). Biliary Tract and Upper Gastrointestinal System. In Bontrager's textbook of Radiographic positioning and related anatomy (Ninth, p. 483). essay, Elsevier. SID 40", Grid, CR 2" below L1
PA Upper GI Hypersthenic Pt Lampignano, J. P., Kendrick, L. E., & Bontrager, K. L. (2018). Biliary Tract and Upper Gastrointestinal System. In Bontrager's textbook of Radiographic positioning and related anatomy (Ninth, p. 483). essay, Elsevier. SID 40", Grid, CR 2" above L1 and closer to midline
Rt Lateral Upper GI Sthenic Pt Lampignano, J. P., Kendrick, L. E., & Bontrager, K. L. (2018). Biliary Tract and Upper Gastrointestinal System. In Bontrager's textbook of Radiographic positioning and related anatomy (Ninth, p. 484). essay, Elsevier. SID 40", Grid, CR to L1 and 1.5" anterior to MCP
Rt Lateral Upper GI Asthenic Pt Lampignano, J. P., Kendrick, L. E., & Bontrager, K. L. (2018). Biliary Tract and Upper Gastrointestinal System. In Bontrager's textbook of Radiographic positioning and related anatomy (Ninth, p. 484). essay, Elsevier. SID 40", Grid, CR 2" below L1
Rt Lateral UGI Hypersthenic Pt Lampignano, J. P., Kendrick, L. E., & Bontrager, K. L. (2018). Biliary Tract and Upper Gastrointestinal System. In Bontrager's textbook of Radiographic positioning and related anatomy (Ninth, p. 484). essay, Elsevier. SID 40", Grid, CR 2" above L1
AP Upper GI Sthenic Pt Lampignano, J. P., Kendrick, L. E., & Bontrager, K. L. (2018). Biliary Tract and Upper Gastrointestinal System. In Bontrager's textbook of Radiographic positioning and related anatomy (Ninth, p. 486). essay, Elsevier. SID 40", Grid, CR to L1 and more left
AP Upper GI Asthenic Pt Lampignano, J. P., Kendrick, L. E., & Bontrager, K. L. (2018). Biliary Tract and Upper Gastrointestinal System. In Bontrager's textbook of Radiographic positioning and related anatomy (Ninth, p. 486). essay, Elsevier. SID 40", Grid, CR 2" below L1
AP Upper GI Hypersthenic Pt Lampignano, J. P., Kendrick, L. E., & Bontrager, K. L. (2018). Biliary Tract and Upper Gastrointestinal System. In Bontrager's textbook of Radiographic positioning and related anatomy (Ninth, p. 486). essay, Elsevier. SID 40", Grid, CR 2" above L1
LPO Upper GI Sthenic Lampignano, J. P., Kendrick, L. E., & Bontrager, K. L. (2018). Biliary Tract and Upper Gastrointestinal System. In Bontrager's textbook of Radiographic positioning and related anatomy (Ninth, p. 485). essay, Elsevier. SID 40", Grid, CR to L1 and 45 degree oblique
LPO Upper GI Asthenic Lampignano, J. P., Kendrick, L. E., & Bontrager, K. L. (2018). Biliary Tract and Upper Gastrointestinal System. In Bontrager's textbook of Radiographic positioning and related anatomy (Ninth, p. 485). essay, Elsevier. SID 40", Grid, CR 2" below L1 and 30 degree oblique
LPO Upper GI Hypersthenic Lampignano, J. P., Kendrick, L. E., & Bontrager, K. L. (2018). Biliary Tract and Upper Gastrointestinal System. In Bontrager's textbook of Radiographic positioning and related anatomy (Ninth, p. 485). essay, Elsevier. SID 40", Grid, CR 2" above L1 and 60 degrees oblique
PA Small Bowel Lampignano, J. P., Kendrick, L. E., & Bontrager, K. L. (2018). Lower Gastrointestinal System. In Bontrager's textbook of Radiographic positioning and related anatomy (Ninth, p. 515). essay, Elsevier. SID 40", Grid, CR perpendicular to IR, 15-30 minutes CR 2" above crests, hourly CR to crests, for small intestine
Left Lateral Rectum Lampignano, J. P., Kendrick, L. E., & Bontrager, K. L. (2018). Lower Gastrointestinal System. In Bontrager's textbook of Radiographic positioning and related anatomy (Ninth, p. 519). essay, Elsevier. SID 40", Grid, CR to ASIS
PA BE Lampignano, J. P., Kendrick, L. E., & Bontrager, K. L. (2018). Lower Gastrointestinal System. In Bontrager's textbook of Radiographic positioning and related anatomy (Ninth, p. 515). essay, Elsevier. SID 40", Grid, CR to iliac crest
RAO/LAO BE Lampignano, J. P., Kendrick, L. E., & Bontrager, K. L. (2018). Lower Gastrointestinal System. In Bontrager's textbook of Radiographic positioning and related anatomy (Ninth, p. 516). essay, Elsevier. SID 40", Grid, 35-45 oblique, RAO: CR 1" left of MSP at crest, LAO: 1" right of MSP and 1-2" above crests
LPO/RPO BE Lampignano, J. P., Kendrick, L. E., & Bontrager, K. L. (2018). Lower Gastrointestinal System. In Bontrager's textbook of Radiographic positioning and related anatomy (Ninth, p. 518). essay, Elsevier. SID 40", Grid, CR to iliac crest and 1" lateral to elevated side of MSP
Right Lateral Decub BE Lampignano, J. P., Kendrick, L. E., & Bontrager, K. L. (2018). Lower Gastrointestinal System. In Bontrager's textbook of Radiographic positioning and related anatomy (Ninth, p. 520). essay, Elsevier. SID 40", Grid, CR horizontal to crests
Left Lateral Decub BE Lampignano, J. P., Kendrick, L. E., & Bontrager, K. L. (2018). Lower Gastrointestinal System. In Bontrager's textbook of Radiographic positioning and related anatomy (Ninth, p. 521). essay, Elsevier. SID 40", Grid, CR horizontal to crest
AP Axial Sigmoid BE Lampignano, J. P., Kendrick, L. E., & Bontrager, K. L. (2018). Lower Gastrointestinal System. In Bontrager's textbook of Radiographic positioning and related anatomy (Ninth, p. 523). essay, Elsevier. SID 40", Grid, CR 30-40 degrees cephalic 2" below ASIS and MSP
PA Axial Sigmoid Lampignano, J. P., Kendrick, L. E., & Bontrager, K. L. (2018). Lower Gastrointestinal System. In Bontrager's textbook of Radiographic positioning and related anatomy (Ninth, p. 524). essay, Elsevier. SID 40", Grid, CR 30-40 degrees caudad to ASIS and MSP, elongated view of rectosigmoid region
RPO voiding cystourethrogram male Lampignano, J. P., Kendrick, L. E., & Bontrager, K. L. (2018). Urinary System and Venipuncture. In Bontrager's textbook of Radiographic positioning and related anatomy (Ninth, p. 561). essay, Elsevier. SID 40", Grid, CR to pubis, 30 degree oblique, urethra superimposed over soft tissue of rt thigh
AP voiding cystourethrogram female Lampignano, J. P., Kendrick, L. E., & Bontrager, K. L. (2018). Urinary System and Venipuncture. In Bontrager's textbook of Radiographic positioning and related anatomy (Ninth, p. 561). essay, Elsevier. SID 40", Grid, CR to pubis, contrast filled bladder and urethra, vesicoureteral reflux
AP IV urography Lampignano, J. P., Kendrick, L. E., & Bontrager, K. L. (2018). Urinary System and Venipuncture. In Bontrager's textbook of Radiographic positioning and related anatomy (Ninth, p. 554). essay, Elsevier. SID 40", Grid, CR to crest, shows ureter obstruction, hydronephrosis, tumor, shows entire urinary system
Post Void IV Urography Lampignano, J. P., Kendrick, L. E., & Bontrager, K. L. (2018). Urinary System and Venipuncture. In Bontrager's textbook of Radiographic positioning and related anatomy (Ninth, p. 557). essay, Elsevier. SID 40", Grid, CR to crest, residual contrast visible, shows enlarged prostate, prolapse of bladder
RPO/LPO IV Urography Lampignano, J. P., Kendrick, L. E., & Bontrager, K. L. (2018). Urinary System and Venipuncture. In Bontrager's textbook of Radiographic positioning and related anatomy (Ninth, p. 556). essay, Elsevier. SID 40", Grid, CR to iliac crest, 30 degree oblique, kidney elevated is in profile, downside ureter seen
LPO/RPO Cystography Lampignano, J. P., Kendrick, L. E., & Bontrager, K. L. (2018). Urinary System and Venipuncture. In Bontrager's textbook of Radiographic positioning and related anatomy (Ninth, p. 559). essay, Elsevier. SID 40", Grid, CR 2" above pubis and 2" medial to ASIS, 45-60 oblique, shows UV junction
Lateral Cystography Lampignano, J. P., Kendrick, L. E., & Bontrager, K. L. (2018). Urinary System and Venipuncture. In Bontrager's textbook of Radiographic positioning and related anatomy (Ninth, p. 559). essay, Elsevier. SID 40", Grid, CR 2" superior and posterior to pubis, high gonadal dose, shows cystitis, obstruction, reflux
AP Cystography Lampignano, J. P., Kendrick, L. E., & Bontrager, K. L. (2018). Urinary System and Venipuncture. In Bontrager's textbook of Radiographic positioning and related anatomy (Ninth, p. 559). essay, Elsevier. SID 40", Grid, CR 2" above pubis with 10 degrees to 15 degrees caudal
RAO Esophagus Lampignano, J. P., Kendrick, L. E., & Bontrager, K. L. (2018). Biliary Tract and Upper Gastrointestinal System. In Bontrager's textbook of Radiographic positioning and related anatomy (Ninth, p. 478). essay, Elsevier. SID 40", Grid, 35-40 from prone, CR to T6
Lateral Esophagram Lampignano, J. P., Kendrick, L. E., & Bontrager, K. L. (2018). Biliary Tract and Upper Gastrointestinal System. In Bontrager's textbook of Radiographic positioning and related anatomy (Ninth, p. 479). essay, Elsevier. SID 40", Grid, CR toT6
AP/PA Esophagram Lampignano, J. P., Kendrick, L. E., & Bontrager, K. L. (2018). Biliary Tract and Upper Gastrointestinal System. In Bontrager's textbook of Radiographic positioning and related anatomy (Ninth, p. 480). essay, Elsevier. SID 40", Grid, CR 1" inferior to sternal angle or 3" below jugular notch
LAO Esophagram Lampignano, J. P., Kendrick, L. E., & Bontrager, K. L. (2018). Biliary Tract and Upper Gastrointestinal System. In Bontrager's textbook of Radiographic positioning and related anatomy (Ninth, p. 481). essay, Elsevier. SID 40", Grid, CR to T5/T6, 35-48 degrees from PA
AP Axial Skull Towne Lampignano, J. P., Kendrick, L. E., & Bontrager, K. L. (2018). Cranium, Facial Bones, and Paranasal Sinuses. In Bontrager's textbook of Radiographic positioning and related anatomy (Ninth, p. 413). essay, Elsevier. SID 40", Grid, CR 30 degrees caudal to OML or 37 degrees caudal to IOML, CR 2.5" above glabella, foramen magnum shadow contains dorsum sellae
Lateral Skull Lampignano, J. P., Kendrick, L. E., & Bontrager, K. L. (2018). Cranium, Facial Bones, and Paranasal Sinuses. In Bontrager's textbook of Radiographic positioning and related anatomy (Ninth, p. 414). essay, Elsevier. SID 40", Grid, CR 2" superior to EAM, sella turcica and clivus in profile
PA Axial Skull Caldwell Lampignano, J. P., Kendrick, L. E., & Bontrager, K. L. (2018). Cranium, Facial Bones, and Paranasal Sinuses. In Bontrager's textbook of Radiographic positioning and related anatomy (Ninth, p. 415). essay, Elsevier. SID 40", Grid, CR 15 degrees caudal to nasion or 25-30 caudal to nasion
Where are the petrous ridges in the PA Caldwell? in the lower 1/3 of orbits Lampignano, J. P., Kendrick, L. E., & Bontrager, K. L. (2018). Cranium, Facial Bones, and Paranasal Sinuses. In Bontrager's textbook of Radiographic positioning and related anatomy (Ninth, p. 415). essay, Elsevier.
Where are the petrous ridges in the PA Axial 25? Below IOML Lampignano, J. P., Kendrick, L. E., & Bontrager, K. L. (2018). Cranium, Facial Bones, and Paranasal Sinuses. In Bontrager's textbook of Radiographic positioning and related anatomy (Ninth, p. 415). essay, Elsevier.
PA Skull Lampignano, J. P., Kendrick, L. E., & Bontrager, K. L. (2018). Cranium, Facial Bones, and Paranasal Sinuses. In Bontrager's textbook of Radiographic positioning and related anatomy (Ninth, p. 416). essay, Elsevier. SID 40", Grid, CR perpendicular to glabella, CR parallel to OML, petrous ridges fill orbits
SMV Lampignano, J. P., Kendrick, L. E., & Bontrager, K. L. (2018). Cranium, Facial Bones, and Paranasal Sinuses. In Bontrager's textbook of Radiographic positioning and related anatomy (Ninth, p. 417). essay, Elsevier. SID 40", Grid, CR perpendicular to IOML to 1.5" inferior to mandibular symphysis between gonions, IOML parallel to IR
Trauma Cross Table Lateral Skull Lampignano, J. P., Kendrick, L. E., & Bontrager, K. L. (2018). Trauma, Mobile, and Surgical Radiography. In Bontrager's textbook of Radiographic positioning and related anatomy (Ninth, p. 589). essay, Elsevier. SID 40", Grid, CR 2" superior to EAM, horizontal beam
Trauma AP Axial Reverse Caldwell Lampignano, J. P., Kendrick, L. E., & Bontrager, K. L. (2018). Trauma, Mobile, and Surgical Radiography. In Bontrager's textbook of Radiographic positioning and related anatomy (Ninth, p. 590). essay, Elsevier. SID 40", Grid, CR 15 degrees cephalic to OML to nasion
Trauma AP Skull Lampignano, J. P., Kendrick, L. E., & Bontrager, K. L. (2018). Trauma, Mobile, and Surgical Radiography. In Bontrager's textbook of Radiographic positioning and related anatomy (Ninth, p. 590). essay, Elsevier. SID 40", Grid, CR parallel to OML to glabella, usually 10-15 caudad
Lateral Facial Bones Lampignano, J. P., Kendrick, L. E., & Bontrager, K. L. (2018). Cranium, Facial Bones, and Paranasal Sinuses. In Bontrager's textbook of Radiographic positioning and related anatomy (Ninth, p. 419). essay, Elsevier. SID 40", Grid, CR to zygoma, IPL perpendicular to IR, side of interest closest to IR
Waters Facial Bones Lampignano, J. P., Kendrick, L. E., & Bontrager, K. L. (2018). Cranium, Facial Bones, and Paranasal Sinuses. In Bontrager's textbook of Radiographic positioning and related anatomy (Ninth, p. 420). essay, Elsevier. SID 40", Grid, CR perpendicular to acanthion, MML perpendicular to IR, shows tripod and Le Fort fx
PA Axial Caldwell Facial Bones Lampignano, J. P., Kendrick, L. E., & Bontrager, K. L. (2018). Cranium, Facial Bones, and Paranasal Sinuses. In Bontrager's textbook of Radiographic positioning and related anatomy (Ninth, p. 421). essay, Elsevier. SID 40", Grid, CR 15 degrees caudad to nasion, petrous ridges in lower 1/3 or orbits, OML perpendicular to IR
Modified Waters Facial Bones Lampignano, J. P., Kendrick, L. E., & Bontrager, K. L. (2018). Cranium, Facial Bones, and Paranasal Sinuses. In Bontrager's textbook of Radiographic positioning and related anatomy (Ninth, p. 422). essay, Elsevier. SID 40", Grid, CR perpendicular to acanthion, LML perpendicular to IR, petrous ridges in the lower 1/2 of maxillary sinuses
Lateral Nasal Bones Lampignano, J. P., Kendrick, L. E., & Bontrager, K. L. (2018). Cranium, Facial Bones, and Paranasal Sinuses. In Bontrager's textbook of Radiographic positioning and related anatomy (Ninth, p. 423). essay, Elsevier. SID 40", nongrid, CR perpendicular to 1/2" inferior to nasion, IPL Perpendicular to IR
Axiolateral Oblique Mandible Lampignano, J. P., Kendrick, L. E., & Bontrager, K. L. (2018). Cranium, Facial Bones, and Paranasal Sinuses. In Bontrager's textbook of Radiographic positioning and related anatomy (Ninth, p. 429). essay, Elsevier. SID 40", Grid, True lateral for ramus, 10-15 degree rotation, general survey, 30 degrees for body, 45 degrees for mentum, use combo. of head tilt and CR angle to not exceed 25 cephalic
PA Mandible Lampignano, J. P., Kendrick, L. E., & Bontrager, K. L. (2018). Cranium, Facial Bones, and Paranasal Sinuses. In Bontrager's textbook of Radiographic positioning and related anatomy (Ninth, p. 430). essay, Elsevier. SID 40", Grid, CR perpendicular to junction of lips, OML perpendicular to IR
PA Axial Mandible Lampignano, J. P., Kendrick, L. E., & Bontrager, K. L. (2018). Cranium, Facial Bones, and Paranasal Sinuses. In Bontrager's textbook of Radiographic positioning and related anatomy (Ninth, p. 430). essay, Elsevier. SID 40", Grid, CR 20-25 degrees cephalic, OML perpendicular to IR
AP Axial Towne Mandible Lampignano, J. P., Kendrick, L. E., & Bontrager, K. L. (2018). Cranium, Facial Bones, and Paranasal Sinuses. In Bontrager's textbook of Radiographic positioning and related anatomy (Ninth, p. 431). essay, Elsevier. SID 40", Grid, CR 35-42 degrees caudal to 1" superior to glabella, OML perpendicular
SMV Mandible Lampignano, J. P., Kendrick, L. E., & Bontrager, K. L. (2018). Cranium, Facial Bones, and Paranasal Sinuses. In Bontrager's textbook of Radiographic positioning and related anatomy (Ninth, p. 432). essay, Elsevier. SID 40", Grid, CR 1.5" inferior to mandibular symphysis, CR perpendicular to IOML
Modified Law TMJ Lampignano, J. P., Kendrick, L. E., & Bontrager, K. L. (2018). Cranium, Facial Bones, and Paranasal Sinuses. In Bontrager's textbook of Radiographic positioning and related anatomy (Ninth, p. 435). essay, Elsevier. SID 40", Grid, CR 15 degrees caudal to 1.2" superior to upside EAM, rotate face from IR 15 degrees, TMJ closest to IR is shown
Axiolateral TMJ Modified Schuller Lampignano, J. P., Kendrick, L. E., & Bontrager, K. L. (2018). Cranium, Facial Bones, and Paranasal Sinuses. In Bontrager's textbook of Radiographic positioning and related anatomy (Ninth, p. 436). essay, Elsevier. SID 40", Grid, CR 25-30 degrees caudal to 1/2" anterior and 2" superior to upside EAM, true lateral
Lateral Sinuses Lampignano, J. P., Kendrick, L. E., & Bontrager, K. L. (2018). Cranium, Facial Bones, and Paranasal Sinuses. In Bontrager's textbook of Radiographic positioning and related anatomy (Ninth, p. 437). essay, Elsevier. SID 40", Grid, CR midway between outer canthus and EAM, all four sinuses shown
PA Axial Sinuses Caldwell Lampignano, J. P., Kendrick, L. E., & Bontrager, K. L. (2018). Cranium, Facial Bones, and Paranasal Sinuses. In Bontrager's textbook of Radiographic positioning and related anatomy (Ninth, p. 438). essay, Elsevier. SID 40", Grid, CR exit at nasion, OML 15 degrees from horizontal, CR perpendicular
Waters Sinuses Lampignano, J. P., Kendrick, L. E., & Bontrager, K. L. (2018). Cranium, Facial Bones, and Paranasal Sinuses. In Bontrager's textbook of Radiographic positioning and related anatomy (Ninth, p. 439). essay, Elsevier. SID 40", Grid, CR perpendicular to IR exit acanthion, MML perpendicular to IR
SMV Sinuses Lampignano, J. P., Kendrick, L. E., & Bontrager, K. L. (2018). Cranium, Facial Bones, and Paranasal Sinuses. In Bontrager's textbook of Radiographic positioning and related anatomy (Ninth, p. 440). essay, Elsevier. SID 40", Grid, CR perpendicular to IOML 1.5" inferior to mandibular symphysis
Trauma AP Axial Towne Lampignano, J. P., Kendrick, L. E., & Bontrager, K. L. (2018). Trauma, Mobile, and Surgical Radiography. In Bontrager's textbook of Radiographic positioning and related anatomy (Ninth, p. 591). essay, Elsevier. SID 40", Grid, CR 30 degrees caudal to OML or 37 degrees caudal to IOML, cannot exceed 45 degrees, CR to pass midway between EAMS
PA Modified Waters Mandible SID 40", Grid, LML perpendicular to IR, CR exit at acanthion
PA Axial Caldwell Nasal Bones SID 40", nongrid, OML perpendicular to IR, CR 15 degrees cephalic to exit at nasion
Waters Nasal Bones SID 40", nongrid, MML perpendicular to IR, CR to exit acanthion
AP Open Mouth Cervical Spine Lampignano, J. P., Kendrick, L. E., & Bontrager, K. L. (2018). Cervical and Thoracic Spine. In Bontrager's textbook of Radiographic positioning and related anatomy (Ninth, p. 310). essay, Elsevier. SID 40", Grid, CR through mouth, align lower margin or upper incisors to base or skull perpendicular to IR, Shows odontoid and jefferson fx
AP Axial Cervical Spine Lampignano, J. P., Kendrick, L. E., & Bontrager, K. L. (2018). Cervical and Thoracic Spine. In Bontrager's textbook of Radiographic positioning and related anatomy (Ninth, p. 311). essay, Elsevier. SID 40", Grid, CR 15-20 degrees cephalic to C4, shows C3 to T2, shows clay shoveler's fx, compression fx, herniated nucleus pulpus
Anterior Oblique Cervical Spine Lampignano, J. P., Kendrick, L. E., & Bontrager, K. L. (2018). Cervical and Thoracic Spine. In Bontrager's textbook of Radiographic positioning and related anatomy (Ninth, p. 312). essay, Elsevier. SID 40", Grid, CR 15-20 degrees caudal to C4, preferred because lower thyroid dose, shows foramina and pedicles closest to IR
Posterior Oblique Cervical Spine Lampignano, J. P., Kendrick, L. E., & Bontrager, K. L. (2018). Cervical and Thoracic Spine. In Bontrager's textbook of Radiographic positioning and related anatomy (Ninth, p. 312). essay, Elsevier. SID 40", Grid, CR 15-20 degrees cephalic to C4, shows foramina and pedicles farthest from IR
Lateral Cervical Spine Lampignano, J. P., Kendrick, L. E., & Bontrager, K. L. (2018). Cervical and Thoracic Spine. In Bontrager's textbook of Radiographic positioning and related anatomy (Ninth, p. 313). essay, Elsevier. SID 60-72", Grid, CR to C4
Lateral Cervical Spine Trauma Lampignano, J. P., Kendrick, L. E., & Bontrager, K. L. (2018). Cervical and Thoracic Spine. In Bontrager's textbook of Radiographic positioning and related anatomy (Ninth, p. 314). essay, Elsevier. SID 60-72", Grid, CR to C4 horizontal beam
Cervicothoracic Swimmer'sLampignano, J. P., Kendrick, L. E., & Bontrager, K. L. (2018). Cervical and Thoracic Spine. In Bontrager's textbook of Radiographic positioning and related anatomy (Ninth, p. 315). essay, Elsevier. SID 60-72", Grid, CR to T1, 1" above jugular notch, C5 to T3 shown, angle 3-5 degrees caudal
Lateral Cervical flexion/extension Lampignano, J. P., Kendrick, L. E., & Bontrager, K. L. (2018). Cervical and Thoracic Spine. In Bontrager's textbook of Radiographic positioning and related anatomy (Ninth, p. 316). essay, Elsevier. SID 60-72", Grid, CR to C4, rule out whiplash
AP/PA Odontoid Fuchs (AP) Lampignano, J. P., Kendrick, L. E., & Bontrager, K. L. (2018). Cervical and Thoracic Spine. In Bontrager's textbook of Radiographic positioning and related anatomy (Ninth, p. 317). essay, Elsevier. SID 40", Grid, CR parallel to MML to tip of mandible, MML perpendicular to IR, for atlantoaxial joint
AP Thoracic Lampignano, J. P., Kendrick, L. E., & Bontrager, K. L. (2018). Cervical and Thoracic Spine. In Bontrager's textbook of Radiographic positioning and related anatomy (Ninth, p. 320). essay, Elsevier. SID 40", Grid, CR to T7, expiration
Lateral Thoracic Lampignano, J. P., Kendrick, L. E., & Bontrager, K. L. (2018). Cervical and Thoracic Spine. In Bontrager's textbook of Radiographic positioning and related anatomy (Ninth, p. 321). essay, Elsevier. SID 40", Grid, CR to T7, orthostatic breathing
AP Lumbar Lampignano, J. P., Kendrick, L. E., & Bontrager, K. L. (2018). Lumbar Spine, Sacrum and Coccyx. In Bontrager's textbook of Radiographic positioning and related anatomy (Ninth, p. 337). essay, Elsevier. SID 40", Grid, CR to iliac crest (L4 or L5), expiration
Anterior Oblique Lumbar Lampignano, J. P., Kendrick, L. E., & Bontrager, K. L. (2018). Lumbar Spine, Sacrum and Coccyx. In Bontrager's textbook of Radiographic positioning and related anatomy (Ninth, p. 338). essay, Elsevier. SID 40", Grid, CR to L3, 2" above crest, 45 degree oblique, 50 degrees best for L1/L2, 30 degrees best for L5/S1, shows upside z-joints
Posterior Oblique Lumbar Lampignano, J. P., Kendrick, L. E., & Bontrager, K. L. (2018). Lumbar Spine, Sacrum and Coccyx. In Bontrager's textbook of Radiographic positioning and related anatomy (Ninth, p. 338). essay, Elsevier. SID 40", Grid, CR to L3, 2" above crest, 45 degree oblique, 50 degrees best for L1-L2, 30 degrees best for L5/S1, shows downside z-joints
Lateral Lumbar Lampignano, J. P., Kendrick, L. E., & Bontrager, K. L. (2018). Lumbar Spine, Sacrum and Coccyx. In Bontrager's textbook of Radiographic positioning and related anatomy (Ninth, p. 339). essay, Elsevier. SID 40", Grid, CR to iliac crest, shows intervertebral foramina
Lateral L5/S1 Spot Lampignano, J. P., Kendrick, L. E., & Bontrager, K. L. (2018). Lumbar Spine, Sacrum and Coccyx. In Bontrager's textbook of Radiographic positioning and related anatomy (Ninth, p. 340). essay, Elsevier. SID 40", Grid, CR 5-8 degrees caudal, 1.5" inferior to iliac crest and 2" posterior to ASIS
AP Axial L5/S1 Lampignano, J. P., Kendrick, L. E., & Bontrager, K. L. (2018). Lumbar Spine, Sacrum and Coccyx. In Bontrager's textbook of Radiographic positioning and related anatomy (Ninth, p. 341). essay, Elsevier. SID 40", Grid, CR 30 degrees cephalic for male, 35 degrees cephalic female to level of ASIS
Scoliosis Series Lampignano, J. P., Kendrick, L. E., & Bontrager, K. L. (2018). Lumbar Spine, Sacrum and Coccyx. In Bontrager's textbook of Radiographic positioning and related anatomy (Ninth, p. 342). essay, Elsevier. SID 40", Grid, PA preferred because lower dose
PA (AP) Right/Left Bending - Scoliosis Lampignano, J. P., Kendrick, L. E., & Bontrager, K. L. (2018). Lumbar Spine, Sacrum and Coccyx. In Bontrager's textbook of Radiographic positioning and related anatomy (Ninth, p. 345). essay, Elsevier. SID 40", Grid, CR perpendicular, lateral flexion, assessment of range of motion
Lateral Extension/Flexion Lumbar Lampignano, J. P., Kendrick, L. E., & Bontrager, K. L. (2018). Lumbar Spine, Sacrum and Coccyx. In Bontrager's textbook of Radiographic positioning and related anatomy (Ninth, p. 346). essay, Elsevier. SID 40", Grid, CR to site of fusion if known, expiration, assessment of range of motion
AP Axial Sacrum Lampignano, J. P., Kendrick, L. E., & Bontrager, K. L. (2018). Lumbar Spine, Sacrum and Coccyx. In Bontrager's textbook of Radiographic positioning and related anatomy (Ninth, p. 347). essay, Elsevier. SID 40", Grid, CR 15 degrees cephalic 2" superior to pubic symphysis
AP Axial Coccyx Lampignano, J. P., Kendrick, L. E., & Bontrager, K. L. (2018). Lumbar Spine, Sacrum and Coccyx. In Bontrager's textbook of Radiographic positioning and related anatomy (Ninth, p. 348). essay, Elsevier. SID 40", Grid, CR 10 degrees caudal to 2" superior to symphysis pubis
Lateral Sacrum and Coccyx Lampignano, J. P., Kendrick, L. E., & Bontrager, K. L. (2018). Lumbar Spine, Sacrum and Coccyx. In Bontrager's textbook of Radiographic positioning and related anatomy (Ninth, p. 349). essay, Elsevier. SID 40", Grid, CR 3-4" posterior to ASIS
Lateral Coccyx Lampignano, J. P., Kendrick, L. E., & Bontrager, K. L. (2018). Lumbar Spine, Sacrum and Coccyx. In Bontrager's textbook of Radiographic positioning and related anatomy (Ninth, p. 350). essay, Elsevier. SID 40", Grid, CR 3-4" posterior and 2" distal to ASIS
AP Axial SI Joints Lampignano, J. P., Kendrick, L. E., & Bontrager, K. L. (2018). Lumbar Spine, Sacrum and Coccyx. In Bontrager's textbook of Radiographic positioning and related anatomy (Ninth, p. 351). essay, Elsevier. SID 40", Grid, CR 30-35 degrees cephalic (30 degrees male, 35 degrees female) to 2" below ASIS
Posterior Oblique SI Joints Lampignano, J. P., Kendrick, L. E., & Bontrager, K. L. (2018). Lumbar Spine, Sacrum and Coccyx. In Bontrager's textbook of Radiographic positioning and related anatomy (Ninth, p. 352). essay, Elsevier. SID 40", Grid, CR 1" medial to upside ASIS, 25-30 degree posterior oblique, side of interest up, SI joint farthest from IR
AP Toes Lampignano, J. P., Kendrick, L. E., & Bontrager, K. L. (2018). Lower Limb. In Bontrager's textbook of Radiographic positioning and related anatomy (Ninth, p. 228). essay, Elsevier. SID 40", nongrid, CR 10-15 degrees toward calcaneus (perpendicular to phalanges), CR to MTP joint in question, min. of distal half of metatarsals included
AP Oblique Toes Lampignano, J. P., Kendrick, L. E., & Bontrager, K. L. (2018). Lower Limb. In Bontrager's textbook of Radiographic positioning and related anatomy (Ninth, p. 229). essay, Elsevier. SID 40", nongrid, CR perpendicular to MTP in question, digits 1-3 30-45 degrees medially, digits 4-5 30-45 degrees laterally
Lateral Toes Lampignano, J. P., Kendrick, L. E., & Bontrager, K. L. (2018). Lower Limb. In Bontrager's textbook of Radiographic positioning and related anatomy (Ninth, p. 230). essay, Elsevier. SID 40", nongrid, CR to IP joint for 1st digit, CR to proximal IP joint for 2-5 digits, medial for digits 1-3, lateral for digits 4 and 5
Tangential Toes Sesamoids Lampignano, J. P., Kendrick, L. E., & Bontrager, K. L. (2018). Lower Limb. In Bontrager's textbook of Radiographic positioning and related anatomy (Ninth, p. 231). essay, Elsevier. SID 40", nongrid, CR perpendicular directed tangentially to posterior aspect of 1st. MTP joint, dorsiflex foot so plantar surface forms 15-20 degree angle from vertical
AP Foot Lampignano, J. P., Kendrick, L. E., & Bontrager, K. L. (2018). Lower Limb. In Bontrager's textbook of Radiographic positioning and related anatomy (Ninth, p. 232). essay, Elsevier. SID 40", nongrid, CR 10 degrees posteriorly so CR is perpendicular to metatarsals to base of 3rd MT
AP Oblique Foot Medial Lampignano, J. P., Kendrick, L. E., & Bontrager, K. L. (2018). Lower Limb. In Bontrager's textbook of Radiographic positioning and related anatomy (Ninth, p. 233). essay, Elsevier. SID 40", nongrid, CR perpendicular to base of 3rd MT, rotate foot medially 30-40 degrees, navicular well visualized, joint space around cuboid and sinus tarsi open, cuneiforms best seen on lateral oblique
Lateral Foot Lampignano, J. P., Kendrick, L. E., & Bontrager, K. L. (2018). Lower Limb. In Bontrager's textbook of Radiographic positioning and related anatomy (Ninth, p. 234). essay, Elsevier. SID 40", nongrid, CR perpendicular to medial cuneiform, tibiotalor joint space open, 5th MT in profile
AP Foot Weight-Bearing Lampignano, J. P., Kendrick, L. E., & Bontrager, K. L. (2018). Lower Limb. In Bontrager's textbook of Radiographic positioning and related anatomy (Ninth, p. 235). essay, Elsevier. SID 40", nongrid, CR 15 degrees posteriorly to midpoint between feet at level of base of MTs, shows longitudinal arches and lisfranc joint injury
Lateral Foot Weight-Bearing Lampignano, J. P., Kendrick, L. E., & Bontrager, K. L. (2018). Lower Limb. In Bontrager's textbook of Radiographic positioning and related anatomy (Ninth, p. 236). essay, Elsevier. SID 40", nongrid, CR horizontal to level of base of 3rd metatarsals
Plantodorsal Axial Calcaneus Lampignano, J. P., Kendrick, L. E., & Bontrager, K. L. (2018). Lower Limb. In Bontrager's textbook of Radiographic positioning and related anatomy (Ninth, p. 237). essay, Elsevier. SID 40", nongrid, CR to base of 3rd MT, CR 40 degrees cephalic, sustentaculum tail in profile medially
Lateral Calcaneus Lampignano, J. P., Kendrick, L. E., & Bontrager, K. L. (2018). Lower Limb. In Bontrager's textbook of Radiographic positioning and related anatomy (Ninth, p. 238). essay, Elsevier. SID 40", nongrid, CR perpendicular to IR to a point 1" inferior to medial malleolus, dorsiflex foot, opens talocalcaneal joint
AP Ankle Lampignano, J. P., Kendrick, L. E., & Bontrager, K. L. (2018). Lower Limb. In Bontrager's textbook of Radiographic positioning and related anatomy (Ninth, p. 239). essay, Elsevier. SID 40", nongrid, CR to a point midway between malleoli
AP Mortise Lampignano, J. P., Kendrick, L. E., & Bontrager, K. L. (2018). Lower Limb. In Bontrager's textbook of Radiographic positioning and related anatomy (Ninth, p. 240). essay, Elsevier. SID 40", nongrid, CR midway between malleoli, rotate foot 15-20 degrees internally until intermalleolar line is parallel to IR, shows fx of proximal 5th MT
AP Oblique Ankle Lampignano, J. P., Kendrick, L. E., & Bontrager, K. L. (2018). Lower Limb. In Bontrager's textbook of Radiographic positioning and related anatomy (Ninth, p. 241). essay, Elsevier. SID 40", nongrid, CR midway between malleoli, 45 degree oblique , distal tibiofibular joint open
Lateral Ankle Lampignano, J. P., Kendrick, L. E., & Bontrager, K. L. (2018). Lower Limb. In Bontrager's textbook of Radiographic positioning and related anatomy (Ninth, p. 242). essay, Elsevier. SID 40", nongrid, CR to medial malleolus, dorsiflex foot
AP Stress Ankle inversion/eversion Lampignano, J. P., Kendrick, L. E., & Bontrager, K. L. (2018). Lower Limb. In Bontrager's textbook of Radiographic positioning and related anatomy (Ninth, p. 243). essay, Elsevier. SID 40", nongrid, CR midway between malleoli, eval for ligament tear or rupture
AP Lower Leg Lampignano, J. P., Kendrick, L. E., & Bontrager, K. L. (2018). Lower Limb. In Bontrager's textbook of Radiographic positioning and related anatomy (Ninth, p. 244). essay, Elsevier. SID 40", nongrid, CR to midpoint of lower leg, dorsiflex foot, femoral and tibial condyles in profile w/ intercondylar eminence centered within fossa
Lateral Lower Leg Lampignano, J. P., Kendrick, L. E., & Bontrager, K. L. (2018). Lower Limb. In Bontrager's textbook of Radiographic positioning and related anatomy (Ninth, p. 245). essay, Elsevier. SID 40", nongrid, CR to midpoint of lower leg
AP Knee xLampignano, J. P., Kendrick, L. E., & Bontrager, K. L. (2018). Lower Limb. In Bontrager's textbook of Radiographic positioning and related anatomy (Ninth, p. 246). essay, Elsevier. SID 40", Grid, CR 1/2" distal to apex of patella, rotate leg internally 3-5 degrees for true AP
ASIS Table top measurement for <19cm Lampignano, J. P., Kendrick, L. E., & Bontrager, K. L. (2018). Lower Limb. In Bontrager's textbook of Radiographic positioning and related anatomy (Ninth, p. 246). essay, Elsevier. 3-5 degrees caudal
ASIS Table top measurement for 19cm - 24cm Lampignano, J. P., Kendrick, L. E., & Bontrager, K. L. (2018). Lower Limb. In Bontrager's textbook of Radiographic positioning and related anatomy (Ninth, p. 246). essay, Elsevier. 0 degree angle
ASIS Table top measurement for >24cm Lampignano, J. P., Kendrick, L. E., & Bontrager, K. L. (2018). Lower Limb. In Bontrager's textbook of Radiographic positioning and related anatomy (Ninth, p. 246). essay, Elsevier. 3-5 degrees cephalic
AP Oblique Knee Internal Lampignano, J. P., Kendrick, L. E., & Bontrager, K. L. (2018). Lower Limb. In Bontrager's textbook of Radiographic positioning and related anatomy (Ninth, p. 247). essay, Elsevier. SID 40", Grid, CR 1/2" distal to apex of patella, 0 degrees on average patient, 45 degree oblique, lateral condyles in profile
AP Oblique Knee External Lampignano, J. P., Kendrick, L. E., & Bontrager, K. L. (2018). Lower Limb. In Bontrager's textbook of Radiographic positioning and related anatomy (Ninth, p. 248). essay, Elsevier. SID 40", Grid, CR to midpoint of knee (1/2" distal to apex of patella), 0 degrees on average patient, medial condyles in profile, 45 degree oblique
Lateral Knee Lampignano, J. P., Kendrick, L. E., & Bontrager, K. L. (2018). Lower Limb. In Bontrager's textbook of Radiographic positioning and related anatomy (Ninth, p. 249). essay, Elsevier. SID 40", Grid, CR 5-7 degrees cephalic 1" distal to medial epicondyle, flex knee 20-30 degrees
Tunnel View Camp Coventry Lampignano, J. P., Kendrick, L. E., & Bontrager, K. L. (2018). Lower Limb. In Bontrager's textbook of Radiographic positioning and related anatomy (Ninth, p. 253). essay, Elsevier. SID 40", Grid, pt prone 40-50 degrees flexion, CR perpendicular to lower leg (40-50 degrees caudal) for interconylar fossa, IR under femur/knee
Tunnel View Holmblad Method Lampignano, J. P., Kendrick, L. E., & Bontrager, K. L. (2018). Lower Limb. In Bontrager's textbook of Radiographic positioning and related anatomy (Ninth, p. 253). essay, Elsevier. SID 40", Grid, pt kneel (on all fours), CR perpendicular to lower leg and IR , for intercondylar fossa
AP Axial Knee Intercondylar Fossa Beclere Method Lampignano, J. P., Kendrick, L. E., & Bontrager, K. L. (2018). Lower Limb. In Bontrager's textbook of Radiographic positioning and related anatomy (Ninth, p. 255). essay, Elsevier. SID 40", Grid, CR perpendicular to lower leg (about 40-45 degrees cephalic), CR 1/2" distal to apex of patella, flex knee 40-45 degrees, pt supine, IR under flexed knee
PA Patella Lampignano, J. P., Kendrick, L. E., & Bontrager, K. L. (2018). Lower Limb. In Bontrager's textbook of Radiographic positioning and related anatomy (Ninth, p. 256). essay, Elsevier. SID 40", nongrid, CR perpendicular to IR to midpatella area, prone position, 5 degrees internal rotation for true AP
Tangential Axial Merchant Bilateral Lampignano, J. P., Kendrick, L. E., & Bontrager, K. L. (2018). Lower Limb. In Bontrager's textbook of Radiographic positioning and related anatomy (Ninth, p. 258). essay, Elsevier. SID 40-72", nongrid, CR caudal 30 degrees from horizontal plane midway between patellae, for subluxation of patella, pt sitting knees flexed 40 degrees
Tangential Axial Settegast Patella Lampignano, J. P., Kendrick, L. E., & Bontrager, K. L. (2018). Lower Limb. In Bontrager's textbook of Radiographic positioning and related anatomy (Ninth, p. 259). essay, Elsevier. SID 40", nongrid, CR to patellofemoral joint, 15-20 degrees from lower leg, either pt prone knee flexed 90 degrees or pt sitting knee flexed 90 degrees
AP Femur Lampignano, J. P., Kendrick, L. E., & Bontrager, K. L. (2018). Femur and Pelvic Girdle. In Bontrager's textbook of Radiographic positioning and related anatomy (Ninth, p. 276). essay, Elsevier. SID 40", Grid, CR to midpoint of femur, 2 projections including both joints, rotate leg internally 5 degrees for true AP, 15-20 degrees for proximal femur
Lateral Femur (Distal) Lampignano, J. P., Kendrick, L. E., & Bontrager, K. L. (2018). Femur and Pelvic Girdle. In Bontrager's textbook of Radiographic positioning and related anatomy (Ninth, p. 277). essay, Elsevier. SID 40", Grid, Cr to femur, lateral recumbent, flex knee 45 degrees, femoral condyles won't be superimposed
Lateral Femur (Proximal) Lampignano, J. P., Kendrick, L. E., & Bontrager, K. L. (2018). Femur and Pelvic Girdle. In Bontrager's textbook of Radiographic positioning and related anatomy (Ninth, p. 278). essay, Elsevier. SID 40", Grid, CR to femur, IR at level of ASIS, flex knee 45 degrees, greater and lesser trochanters superimposed
AP Pelvis Lampignano, J. P., Kendrick, L. E., & Bontrager, K. L. (2018). Femur and Pelvic Girdle. In Bontrager's textbook of Radiographic positioning and related anatomy (Ninth, p. 279). essay, Elsevier. SID 40", Grid, CR midway between ASIS and pubic symphysis, 2" inferior to level of ASIS, internally rotate feet 15-20 degrees
AP Bilateral Frog Leg Pelvis Modified Cleaves Lampignano, J. P., Kendrick, L. E., & Bontrager, K. L. (2018). Femur and Pelvic Girdle. In Bontrager's textbook of Radiographic positioning and related anatomy (Ninth, p. 280). essay, Elsevier. SID 40", Grid, CR 3" below ASIS, abduct both femora 40-45 degrees, knees flexed 90 degrees, shows congenital hip dislocation, greater trochanters over femoral necks
AP Axial Outlet Taylor Method Lampignano, J. P., Kendrick, L. E., & Bontrager, K. L. (2018). Femur and Pelvic Girdle. In Bontrager's textbook of Radiographic positioning and related anatomy (Ninth, p. 282). essay, Elsevier. SID 40", Grid, CR 20-35 cephalic for males, 30-45 degrees cephalic, CR 1-2" distal to superior border of pubic symphysis, shows rami of pubis, body, and ischium
AP Axial Inlet Lampignano, J. P., Kendrick, L. E., & Bontrager, K. L. (2018). Femur and Pelvic Girdle. In Bontrager's textbook of Radiographic positioning and related anatomy (Ninth, p. 282). essay, Elsevier. SID 40", Grid, CR 40 degrees caudal to ASIS, shows pelvic ring/inlet and ischial spines
Posterior Oblique Pelvis Acetabulum - Judet Lampignano, J. P., Kendrick, L. E., & Bontrager, K. L. (2018). Femur and Pelvic Girdle. In Bontrager's textbook of Radiographic positioning and related anatomy (Ninth, p. 283). essay, Elsevier. SID 40", Grid, Affected side down = CR 2" distal & 2" medial to downside ASIS, Affected side up = CR 2" directly distal to upside ASIS, 45 degrees oblique
AP Hip Lampignano, J. P., Kendrick, L. E., & Bontrager, K. L. (2018). Femur and Pelvic Girdle. In Bontrager's textbook of Radiographic positioning and related anatomy (Ninth, p. 285). essay, Elsevier. SID 40", Grid, CR to femoral neck (1-2" medial & 3-4" distal to ASIS), rotate leg 15-20 degrees internally, greater trochanter, femoral head, and neck in profile
Lateral Hip Modified Cleaves Lampignano, J. P., Kendrick, L. E., & Bontrager, K. L. (2018). Femur and Pelvic Girdle. In Bontrager's textbook of Radiographic positioning and related anatomy (Ninth, p. 287). essay, Elsevier. SID 40", Grid, CR to midfemoral neck, abduct femur 45 degrees, femoral neck in profile, nontrauma
Modified Axiolateral Clements - Nakayama Trauma Lampignano, J. P., Kendrick, L. E., & Bontrager, K. L. (2018). Femur and Pelvic Girdle. In Bontrager's textbook of Radiographic positioning and related anatomy (Ninth, p. 288). essay, Elsevier. SID 40", Grid, CR angled so its perpendicular to femoral neck (15-20 degrees posteriorly), tilt IR 15 degrees from vertical, for hip fx
Axiolateral Inferosuperior Trauma Danelius - Miller Lampignano, J. P., Kendrick, L. E., & Bontrager, K. L. (2018). Femur and Pelvic Girdle. In Bontrager's textbook of Radiographic positioning and related anatomy (Ninth, p. 286). essay, Elsevier. SID 40", Grid, CR perpendicular to femoral neck, IR parallel to femoral neck, shows fx or dislocation
Lateral Oblique Foot Lampignano, J. P., Kendrick, L. E., & Bontrager, K. L. (2018). Lower Limb. In Bontrager's textbook of Radiographic positioning and related anatomy (Ninth, p. 234). essay, Elsevier. SID 40", nongrid, CR perpendicular to base of 3rd MT, 30 degrees oblique, 1st and 2nd cuneiforms seen best on lateral rotation, navicular well visualized
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