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Solutions Vocab
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| solution | Homogenous mixture of one or more substances, called solutes, dissolved in another substance, called a solvent. |
| solute | Dissolvable substance. |
| solvent | Dissolves the substance. |
| homogeneous | A solution that is the same throughout. |
| compound | Chemical union that cannot be separated by physical means. |
| mixture | Physical union that can be separated by physical means. |
| heterogeneous | Non-uniform or not mixed throughout. |
| solubility | The ability to be dissolved. |
| concentration | How much of the solute is in the solvent. |
| Like dissolves like. | Solutes and solvents that have similar molecular polarity will interact. |
| dipole | Neutral molecules that have an imbalance in the distribution of charge. |
| polar | Having electrical or magnetic polarity |
| nonpolar | Does not have opposite positive and negative poles. |
| organic | Carbon based |
| surface area | How spread out something is. More area to come in contact with the solvent. |
| agitation | To shake something up. |
| How does temperature affect solubility? | The higher the temperature, the faster the rate of solubility. |
| Rate of dissolution | How quickly something dissolves. |
| How does pressure affect solubility? | Pressure on gasses causes them to have a higher solubility. |
| How does surface area affect solubility? | The more surface area, the more area for the solvent to interact with. Causing solubility to increase. |
| How does agitation affect solubility? | By shaking up a mixture it increases the speed of the particles, which makes them interact with each other more. |
| supersaturated | When the solute concentration is higher than its solubility value. |
| acid | A compound that contains hydrogen and dissociates in water. |
| Hydronium ions | A protonated water molecule and present in all aqueous acids. |
| dissociate | Break down into smaller parts. |
| Strong acids | Acids that almost completely dissociate in water. |
| Weak acids | Acids that partially dissociate in water. |
| Arrhenius theory | A base is a compound that produces hydroxide ions in a water solution. Solutions containing a base are alkaline. |
| base | A substance that can neutralize the acid by reacting with hydrogen ions. |
| Hydroxide ions | A negatively charged molecule made up of one oxygen bonded to one hydrogen. When dissolved in water, it makes a strong base. |
| alkaline | An alkali can also be defined as a base that dissolves in water. Having a pH over 7. |
| Bronsted-Lowry theory | An acid is a proton donor, and a base is a proton acceptor. |
| salt | A compound composed of the positive ion of a base and the negative ion of an acid. |
| Neutralization reaction | When there is an equivalent amount of acid and base reacted together, it turns neutral because there is not more of either an acid or a base. |
| pH scale | Used to measure acidity and alkalinity. |
| logarithmic | A difference in one pH unit represents a tenfold change. |
| Reciprocal scale | As the pH values decrease, the concentration of hydronium ions increases. |
| indicator | Turns different colors depending on the pH of a solution. |
| Litmus test | Placing a drop of a solution onto litmus paper to see what color the indicator turns. |
| pH meter | Measures pH using a glass electrode. |
| Glass electrode | Contains a reference solution and reference electrode which holds a stable, measurable voltage. It measures the voltage difference in a solution to determine pH. |
| electrolytes | A special kind of conductor that transports electrons directly. Carry the electrons as a part of their ionic structure. |
| Electrical conductivity | The ability of a solution to conduct an electrical current. |
| nonelectrolytes | A substance that does not readily ionize when dissolved or melted and is a poor conductor of electricity |
| Strong electrolytes | A solute or solution that is an electrolyte that completely dissociates in solution |
| Weak electrolytes | A solute that partially dissociates or separates. |
| cathode | One electrode with a positive charge. |
| electrode | a conductor in which electricity enters or leaves an object, substance, or region |
| anode | One electrode with a negative charge. |
| calibration | The process of configuring an instrument to provide a result for a sample within an acceptable range. |
| Buffer solutions | Used in calibration; solution that contains salt that resists pH change. |
Created by:
emilyl927
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