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Electricty & Magnets
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Matter | Anything that has mass and takes up space. |
| Atom | The simplest form of matter, made of protons (p+), neutrons (n0), and electrons (e-). |
| Static electricity | A charge imbalance that results in the build up of excess electric charge on an object. |
| Law of Conservation of Charge | Charge cannot be created or destroyed, only transferred; net electric charge is always constant. |
| Electric Field | Area surrounding charged particles/objects within which a force can be exerted on other charged particles/objects. |
| Electroscope | Tool used to detect the presence and magnitude of an electric charge. |
| Conductors | Materials that allow e- to flow easily; readily conduct electric charge. |
| Insulators | Materials that block the flow of e- through them. |
| Conduction | Transfer of electrons through direct contact between objects. |
| Friction | Transfer of electrons through rubbing objects. |
| Induction | Transfer of electrons through electric fields working over a distance. |
| Static Discharge | The sudden flow of electric charge between two charged objects, due to a build up of static electricity. |
| Grounding | Process of removing excess charge on an object by transferring e- to another object to neutralize the electrical imbalance. |
| Electric Current | (I) the net movement of electric charge in a single direction. Measured in Amperes (Amps). |
| Voltage Difference | (V) the push (force) that causes charge to move. Measured in Volts (V). |
| Circuit | A closed path an electric current flows through. |
| Battery | A device that converts chemical energy to electrical energy. |
| Resistance | (R) the tendency of a material to oppose the flow of electrons through it. Measured in Ohms (Ω) |
| Ohm’s Law | The amount of current is directly proportional to the voltage difference. |
| Ohm's Law Equation | V = IR |
| Series Circuit | Current has only one path to travel through. |
| Parallel Circuit | Contains more than one path for current to travel through. |
| Magnetism | Property of some materials that allows them to give off an attractive or repulsive force. |
| Magnet | A material that gives off an external magnetic field, making it possible to apply a force over a distance. |
| Magnetic Field | External force given off by a magnet; strongest at the poles. |
| Ferromagnetism | Phenomenon where objects placed in a strong magnetic field become magnetized due to the poles within their atoms aligning (all e- in same direction). |
| Electromagnet | Temporary magnet made by placing a piece of iron inside a current carrying coil of wire. |
| Electric Motor | Device that uses an electromagnet to convert electrical energy into mechanical energy. |
| Generator | Device that uses an electromagnet to convert mechanical energy into electrical energy. |