Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
xray exam 4
lower limb positioning (knee, femur, patella)
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| what is the longest, strongest & heaviest bone in the body | femur |
| What bone slants 5-15° medially | femur |
| what is the largest sesmoid bone in the body | patella |
| what is the meniscus | C- shaped pad of cartilage that acts as a shock absorber. Located on the medial side of the knee |
| What is the ACL | ACL= anterior cruciate ligament stabilizes the knee & runs medial to lateral connects femur, tib & knee |
| what is the PCL | PCL= Posterior cruciate ligament keeps the tibia from moving behind the femur & stabilizes the knee runs lateral to medial |
| What is the MCL | MCL= Medial Cruciate ligament connects femur to the tibia |
| what is the LCL | LCL= Lateral Cruciate ligament connects femur to the fibula |
| what is the quad tendon | Attaches the quad muscle to the patella and works to straighten the knee |
| what is the patellar tendon | Attaches bottom of the knee to the tibia |
| where does the CR enter for the knee | 1/2 inches below apex of the patella |
| how do you want the femoral condyles for an AP knee | condyles parallel to IR |
| what does the AP knee show | open femorotibial joint |
| For a supine lateral knee, what is the tube angle | 5-7° cephalic |
| How much do you flex the knee for a upright & supine lateral knee | 20-30° |
| How are the femoral condyles positioned for a lateral knee | perpendicular to the IR |
| for a lateral knee, what side is closest to the IR | the affected knee |
| for an AP oblique knee (lateral or medial) how much is the leg rotated | 45° |
| is there a tube angle for AP oblique knees | depends on the body habitus |
| if a pelvis is 18cm or smaller, what is the tube angle for an AP supine knee to get the joint space open | 5° caudad |
| if a pelvis is 25cm or larger, what is the tube angle for an AP supine knee to get the joint space open | 5° cephalad |
| How are the patella's positioned for an AP bilateral wt bearing knee | parallel to the IR |
| What does the AP bilateral Wt bearing knee show | varus and valgus deformities |
| What is varus deformity | bow legged |
| what is valgus deformity | knees go inward |
| How do you position someone for a Rosenberg | 1) face IR 2) flex knees 45° 3) squat into IR 4) 10° caudad tube angle |
| what does the Rosenberg projection show | joint space narrowing |
| what is the tube angle for a sunrise knee | 5-7° to match angle of IR |
| What is the positioning for a PA patella | -prone -5-10° rotation of leg |
| How much do you flex the leg for a lateral patella | 5-10° |
| how are the femoral condyles positioned for a lateral patella | perpendicular to the IR |
| what is the tube & patient position for the Tangential patella-hugston method | -prone with knee flexed 50-60° -tube angle 45° |
| what is the tube & patient position for the Tangential patella-merchant method | -supine with lower legs attached to axial viewer flexed 40° -IR on shins -tube 30° caudad with 6ft SID |
| what is the tube & patient position for the Tangential patella-settegast method | -seated or prone with knee flex until patella perpendicular to IR -15-20° tube angle if knee not perpendicular |
| what is the patient position for PA axial, intercondylar fossa- holmblad method | -standing or kneeling with knee flexed 70 ° |
| what is the tube & patient position for the PA axial intercondylar fossa-camp Coventry method | -prone with knee flexed 40-50° -tube 40-50° to match knee |
| what is the patient position for the AP axial intercondylar fossa- beclere method | -seated with knee flexed 60° with a sponge under for support -IR under knee |
| what does the Holmblad, Camp Coventry & Beclere method all demonstrate | open intercondylar fossa & intercondylar eminence |
| What does the Hugston, Merchant and Settegast method all demonstrate | -patellofemoral joint and articulation -patella |
| where does the top of the IR go for an AP proximal femur | ASIS |
| where does the bottom of the IR go for an AP distal femur | 2 inches below the knee |
| what needs to be included in AP and lateral femurs | hip and ankle joint with overlap |
| what needs to be done with the leg for an AP proximal femur | rotate 5-10° medially |
| what needs to be done with the leg for an AP distal femur | femoral condyles parallel to the IR |
| what needs to be done with the leg for a lateral distal femur | femoral condyles perpendicular to the IR |
| what are condyles | Rounded prominences at the end of the femur |
| what is the patella surface | Median groove on the front lower femur |
| What is an intercondylar fossa | Groove at the end of the femur between the condyles |
| What is the adductor tubercle | bone protuberance on medial femoral condyle |
| What is a fabella | small sesmoid bone in the muscle behind the lateral femoral head |
| ORIF | open reduced & internal fixation |
| BKA | below the knee amputation |
| TKA | total knee arthroplasty |
| THA | total hip arthroplasty |
| AVN | avascular necrosis |
| DJD | degenerative joint disease |
| S/P | status post... |
| FX | fracture |
| NWB | non-weight bearing |
| TVO | tibial valgus ostomy |
| IM | intermuscular |
| SRA | surface replacement arthroplasty |
| ROM | range of motion |
| OOC | out of cast |
| OOB | out of boot/brace |
| OCD | osteochondritis dissecans: softening of femoral condyles |
Created by:
oliviasmith11
Popular Radiology sets