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Ch 19 Workbook
Review Exercise A
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Factors that produce a successful pediatric radiographic procedure: | tech's attitude and approach to the child, tech's preperation of the room |
| Possible roles of the parent duing a pediatric procedure: | observe, lend support and comfort, serve as a participator, assist w/immobilization, remain in waiting room |
| Parents should never be in the radiographic room with their child. True/False | False, parents can provide comfort to their child in some cases |
| Battered child syndrome (BCS) is the current term for child abuse. True/False | False, NAT (nonaccidental trauma) |
| The technologist is responsible for reporting potential signs of child abuse to the police. True/False | False, the technologist should discuss the facts with the radiologist or supervisor on duty. |
| The technologist should always use as short an exposure time as possible during pediatric procedures. True/False | True |
| A piece of Plexiglas with short Velcro straps for immobilization of upper and lower limbs. | Tam-em Board |
| A device used to hold down upper or lower limbs without obscuring essential anatomy. | Plexiglas hold-down paddle |
| The immobilization device most commonly used for erect chests and abdomen procedures on infants and small children up to 2 years of age. | Pigg-o-stat |
| Sandbags completely filled with fine sand should be used for a larger pediatric patient. True/False | False, course sand is used in sandbags and should not be overfilled; should be pliable. |
| What size stockinettes are used for immobilization purposes on larger pediatric patients? | 4 inch |
| Which type of tape is not recommended for immobilization purposes on children? | Adhesive may create an artifact on the radiograph when placed over the region being radiographed. |
| What size stockinettes are used for immobilization on smaller pediatric patients? | 3 inch |
| When adhesive tape is used for immobilization of a child, it is placed directly on the skin. True/False | False. To prevent injury tape should be twisted so surface is not against the skin or place guaze pads between the skin and tape. |
| If Ace bandages are used for immobilization of the legs, which size should be used on infants and smaller children? 3, 4, or 6 inch | 4 inch |
| If Ace bandages are used for immobilization of the legs, which size should be used on older children? 3, 4, or 6 inch | 6 inch |
| There are five steps for "mummifying" a child. True/False | False, there are six steps. |
| Primary centers of bone formation (ossification) involving the midshafts of long bones are called: | Diaphysis |
| Secondary centers of ossification of the long bones are called: | Epiphysis |
| The spaces between the primary and secondary areas of ossification are called: | Epiphyseal plate |
| The age a skeleton reaches full ossification is: | 25 years old |
| The approximate age the epiphysis of the fibular apex first becomes clearly visible is: | 5 or 6 years old |
| The safeguards used to help reduce repeat exposures during pediatric procedures. | proper immobilization, high mA, short exposure time |
| The safeguards used to reduce the patient dose during pediatric procedures. | close collimation, low dose techniques, minimum number of exposures |
| Duties of the primary technologist. | positions the patient, positions the tube and collimates, instructs the parents |
| Duties of the assisting technologist. | initiates exposures, processes the images, sets exposure factors. |
| The imaging modality that is most effective in diagnosing pyloric stenosis in children. | Sonography |
| Functional MRI has been used to detect disorders in what conditions? | Autism, Tourette syndrome, ADHD |
| Renal CT scans have largely replaced intravenous urography studies for children. True/False | True |
| Dose can be reduced to the pediatric patient during a CT scan by increasing: | kV and pitch ratio |
| Multiphase CT examinations are necessary for most pediatric studies. True/False | False, rarely necessary |
| What imaging modality is used to diagnose congenital hip dislocations in the newborn, beyond radiography? | Sonography |
| Meconium aspiration | may develop during stressful births |
| Hyaline membrane disease | also known as respiratory distress syndrome |
| Neonate Grave's disease | a form of hyperthyroidism |
| Epiglottitis | bacterial infection can lead to closure of the upper airway |
| Cystic fibrosis | inherited disease leading to clogging of bronchi |
| Croup | viral infection leading to labored breathing and dry cough |
| Hemoptysis | coughing up blood |
| Meningocele | congenital defect in which the meninges of the spinal cord protrude through an opening in the vertebral column |
| Kohler's bone disease | inflammation of the navicular bone in the foot |
| Ewing's osteosarcoma | the most common bone cancer in children ages 10-18 years |
| Talipes equinus | congenital deformity of the foot involving plantar flexion |
| Osteogenesis imperfecta | hereditary disorder characterized by soft and fragile bones |
| Achondroplasia | most common form of short-limbed dwarfism |
| Myelocele | congenital defect in which the spinal cord protrudes through and opening in the vertebral column |
| Osteochondrosis | group of diseases affecting the epyphyseal plates of long bones |
| Hydronephrosis | enlarged renal collection system due to obstruction |
| Pyloric stenosis | may result in repeated, forceful vomiting |
| NEC | inflammation of the inner lining of the intestive |
| Atresias | condition characterized by absence of an opening in an organ |
| Hypospadias | congenital defect in male urethra |
| Hirschsprung disease | characterized by absence of rhythmic contractions of large intestive |
| Celiac disease | condition resulting from an allergic reaction to gluten |
| Skeletal pathologic conditions that require manual exposure factors be increased. | hydrocephalus, osteopetrosis |
| Skeletal pathologic conditions that require manual exposure factors be decreased. | idiopathic juvenile osteoporosis, osteochondrosis, osteogenesis imperfecta, osteomalicia |
| Skeletal pathologic conditions that require no change in manual exposure factors. | craniostenosis, developmental dysplasia of hip, osteochondrodysplasias, osteomyelitis, spina bifida, talipes, tumors |
| Abdominal pathologic conditions that require manual exposure factors be increased. | intestinal obstructions: intussusception, meconium ileus, volvulus |
| Meconium | dark, green secretion of the liver and intestinal glands mixed with amniotic fluid |
| Malignant bone tumors are rare in young children. True/False | True. Occur less frequently and are more curable than in adults. |
| A device with an adjustable type of bicycle seat and two clear plastic body clamps. | Pigg-o-stat |
Created by:
sunshineb
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