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Upper GI System
drugs affecting the GI
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| what are acid neutralizers | antiacids |
| what are the actions of acid neutralizers? | neutralize or reduce the acidity of the stomach (help minimize acid reflux) |
| what are acid neutralizers used for? | peptic ulcer, heartburn, GERD |
| What are examples of acid neutralizers? | aluminum hydroxide (Mylanta, amphojel, Gaviscon), calcium carbonate (tums) monitor for hyper calcium; magnesium oxide (Maalox) monitor for electrolyte |
| what is the nursing for acid neutralizers? | avoid other medications for 1-2 hours before or after use (they can mask symptoms), monitor for electrolyte imbalances |
| What are acid reducers? | Histamine H2 Antagonist |
| what are actions of reducer acids? | inhibit histamine in the stomach which reduces gastric acid secretions |
| what are the uses for acid reducers? | GERD, gastric ulcer, heart burn |
| Examples of acid reducers are: | famotine (Pepcid), ranitidine (Zantac) |
| Adverse reactions of acid reducers: | Sommolence (excessive sleeping), headache |
| Nursing for acid reducers: | may interact with phenytoin (Dilantin) inhibits and impairs metabolism |
| Actions of Proton Pump Inhibitors are: | suppress gastric acid secretion |
| Uses of Proton Pump Inhibitors are: | GERD, peptic ulcers |
| Examples of Proton Pump Inhibitors are: | esomeprazole (Nexium), omepraxole (Prilosec) pantoprazole (Protonix) |
| Proton Pump Inhibitors interactions: | increase serum levels of diazepam (can not take because it interacts with medications and makes hard for liver process) |
| Nursing for Proton Pump Inhibitors: | administer before meals, avoid alcohol, spicy food, smoking, caffeine, NSAID use |
| Antiemetic | medication used for nausea vomiting |
| Actions of antiemetic medications are | block the signal sent to the brain that causes vomiting |
| antiemetic medication use | nausea, vomiting, motion sickness, nausea and vomiting related to chemotherapy; cancer patients with uncontrollable hiccups |
| Examples of antiemetic medications are | chlorpromazine (Thorazine), promethazine (Phenergan), ondansetron (Zofran), reglan (metoclopramide) used for nausea, vomiting, decreased appetite, scopolamine patch |
| what are the adverse reactions of antiemetic medications? | drowsiness, dry mouth (use a pen light to look at the mucous membranes to se if they are dry) urinary retention ( urine will be dark, tea color or amber) |
| What are GI stimulant actions? | increases the motility of the upper GI tract (given post op) |
| what do you use GI stimulant medications for? | gastric stasis, GERD |
| What are examples of GI stimulant medication | metoclopramide (Reglan), affects nervous system and can cause the patient to jerk EPS (Tardive Dyskinesia) |
Created by:
Valadiece
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