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Vocabulary

Force And Motion Vocab

QuestionAnswer
position An object's position is its location relative to a reference point (or origin of a coordinate system). Position is a vector quantity because it does have a direction.
motion in physics,changewithtimeofthepositionota body.In both cases all points in the body have the same velocity (directed speed) and the same acceleration (time rate of change of velocity).The most general kind of motion combines both translation and rotation.
rate In physics, the word_is better understood as rate of change. This refers to how much one quantity changes when a another quantity changes. It's a comparison, or more technically, a ratio. The quantity for comparison is usually time denoted.
linear motion the motion that is natural to an object: moving in a straight line
Displacement the object's overall change in position.
scalar quantity a physical quantity that is completely described by its magnitude
vector quantity the physical quantity that has both directions as well as magnitude.
velocity vs. speed Speed is the time rate at which an object is moving along a path, while velocity is the rate and direction of an object's movement.
speed formula s = d\t
units for speed m/s (meters per second). In everyday usage, kilometers per hour or miles per hour are the common units of speed. At sea, knots (or nautical miles) per hour is a common speed.
instantaneous rate the rate at some instant in time
average rate a single rate applying to property at more than one location that is a weighted average of the individual rates applicable to each location
velocity formula avg velocity= Delta x/Delta t
units for velocity meter per second
uniform motion when an object covers an equal distance to an equal time within an exact fixed direction
delta "delta" (Δ) means change
convenient scale a scale of numbers that is simple to utilize
acceleration rate at which velocity increases over time
deceleration rate at which velocity decreases over time
acceleration formula avg acceleration = final velocity - starting velocity/elapsed time = Delta velocity/Delta time
units for acceleration meter per second squared
force anything that pushes or pulls an object
Newtonsfirstlawofmotion ifsomethingisatrest,itremainsatrest.ifsomethingisinmotion,itwillremaininmotionunlessa force stops it.
law of inertia same as newtons first law of motion;
inertia a property that makes unmoving objects remain unmoving,and moving objects keep moving UNLESS an outside force does
frictional forces the force generated by two surfaces contacting and sliding against each other
static friction friction between two or more solid objects that do NOT move relative to each other
kinetic friction a force that acts between multiple moving surfaces
rolling friction when something like a wheel or ball rolls freely over any surface,like a wheel down a hill or ball bearings.
Newton's second law of motion Newtons second law of motion is how an object behaves when all the forces are not balanced.
force formula force formula states force is equal to mass multiplies by acceleration
force units (give both) Symbol N and Symbol M
Newton's third law of motion for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction
normal force 90 degree angel with the surface equal in magnitude and opposite in direction
free body diagram graphical representation of applied forces, moments, and resulting reactions
quantum mechanics motion and interaction subatomic particles
relativistic mechanics mechanics that are compatible with special relativity and general relativity
energy formula the formula that links energy and power Energy= Power x Time
energy units (give both) Joules and
the four fundamental forces strong, weak, gravitational, and electromagnetic
Whatdoestheuniversallawofgravitystate? everyparticleattractsotherparticleintheuniverse,withtheforcethatrelatestotheMasses
force of gravity formula F=G M1M2/R2
gravity units (give both) newton per kilogram m/s2
inverse square law theforceofgravityactingbetweenanytwoobjectisinverselyproportionaltothesquareoftheseparationdistance
weight a force that acts on an object due to gravity
free-fall acceleration any motion of a body where gravity is the only force acting upon it
weight formula F = m × 9.8 m/s2
weight units (give both) newton and kilograms
electromagnetic force details how moving and stationed charged particles act with each other
nucleons a proton or neutron
nuclear force the force that acts between the protons and neutrons of an atom
strong nuclear force allows protons and neutrons to stick together in a small space
weak nuclear force the fundamental force of nature that underlies some form of radioactivity
work a measure of energy transfer that occurs when an object is moved over a distance by an external force
work formula w=fd
work units (give both) N/m joules
machine any device that can be used to perform a task
effort force the amount of force you use times the distance over which you use it
resistance force a force or vector sum of numerous forces
inclined plane a flat surface tilted or situated at an angle
fulcrum the point that a lever rests on
lever a rigid bar resting on a fulcrum, usually used to help lift a large load
fixed pulley a pulley system in which the pulley is attached to a fixed point and the rope is attached to the object
movable pulley a pulley system in which the pulley is attached to the object
mechanical advantage force amplifying the effectiveness of a simple machine
power the amount of energy transferred or converted per unit of time
power formula power is equal to work divided by elapsed time
units for power watt
efficiency a measure of the proportion of energy that is wasted
efficiency formula output divided by input
free-fall acceleration any motion of a body where gravity is the only force acting upon it
weight formula F = m × 9.8 m/s2
weight units (give both) newton and kilograms
electromagnetic force details how moving and stationed charged particles act with each other
nucleons a proton or neutron
nuclear force the force that acts between the protons and neutrons of an atom
strong nuclear force allows protons and neutrons to stick together in a small space
weak nuclear force the fundamental force of nature that underlies some form of radioactivity
work a measure of energy transfer that occurs when an object is moved over a distance by an external force
work formula w=fd
work units (give both) N/m joules
machine any device that can be used to perform a task
effort force the amount of force you use times the distance over which you use it
resistance force a force or vector sum of numerous forces
inclined plane a flat surface tilted or situated at an angle
fulcrum the point that a lever rests on
lever a rigid bar resting on a fulcrum, usually used to help lift a large load
fixed pulley a pulley system in which the pulley is attached to a fixed point and the rope is attached to the object
movable pulley a pulley system in which the pulley is attached to the object
mechanical advantage force amplifying the effectiveness of a simple machine
power the amount of energy transferred or converted per unit of time
power formula power is equal to work divided by elapsed time
units for power watt
efficiency a measure of the proportion of energy that is wasted
efficiency formula output divided by input
Created by: RealThehost1781
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