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Force and Motion

TermDefinition
Position An object's location in space
Motion The change in an object's position
Rate A quantity, amount, or degree of something measured per unit of something else
Linear Motion Where objects move along lines
Displacement How far an object moves in a specific direction
Scalar quantity A quantity that has measurements but in no particular direction
Vector quantity A quantity described by both a magnitude and a direction
Velocity v.s. speed Speed is the time rate at which an object is moving along a path, while velocity is the rate and direction of an object's movement.
Speed formula speed = distance/time
Units for speed meters per second
Instantaneous rate the rate of change of a function at a certain time
Average rate a single rate applying to property at more than one location
Velocity formula Velocity = (final position - initial position) / (final time - initial time)
Units for velocity meters per second
Uniform motion Motion that has a constant rate
Delta Change
Convenient scale A structure is defined to build a set of numbers that are convenient for use by humans in counting or measuring
Acceleration The change in velocity over time
Deceleration Negative acceleration
Units for acceleration meters/second squared
Force A push or a pull on matter
Newton's first law of motion An object will remain at rest, and an object in motion will remain in motion, unless acted on by an unbalanced force
Law of inertia if a body is at rest or moving at a constant speed in a straight line, it will remain at rest or keep moving in a straight line at constant speed unless it is acted upon by a force.
Inertia The tendency of an object to remain at rest or in motion
Frictional forces the force generated by two surfaces that contacts and slide against each other.
Static friction The force required to overcome inertia of a stationary object
Kinetic friction the force required to keep an object moving at a constant speed.
Rolling friction the force required to keep an object rolling at a constant speed
Newton's second law of motion the time rate of change of the momentum of a body is equal in both magnitude and direction to the force imposed on it.
Force formula force = mass x acceleration
Force units Newton
Newton's third law of motion For every force or action, there is an equal and opposite force or reaction
Normal force Normal force is the force that the ground (or any surface) pushes back up with
Free body diagram diagrams used to show the relative magnitude and direction of all forces acting upon an object in a given situation
Quantum mechanics the physics of the smallest pieces of matter
Relativistic mechanics science concerned with the motion of bodies whose relative velocities approach the speed of light c
Energy formula energy = power x time
Energy units Joules, Newtons
The four fundamental forces the strong force, the weak force, the electromagnetic force, and the gravitational force
The universal law of gravity states ______ every particle attracts every other particle in the universe with a force that is directly proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between their centers.
Force of gravity formula F = G*((m sub 1*m sub 2)/r^2)
Gravity units meters per second squared and newtons per kilogram
Inverse square law the intensity of light from a given source varies inversely with the square of the distance of the source.
Weight the force that gravitation exerts upon a body, equal to the mass of the body times the local acceleration of gravity
Free-fall acceleration An object that is moving only because of the action of gravity
Weight formula F = m × 9.8 m/s
Weight units newtons & kilograms
Electromagnetic force a type of physical interaction that occurs between electrically charged particles
Nucleons a proton or neutron especially in the atomic nucleus
Nuclear force the forces that act between two or more nucleons
Strong nuclear force is responsible for binding protons and neutrons together in an atomic nucleus
Weak nuclear force is responsible for radioactive decay by being able to convert a proton into a neutron of vice versa
Work measure of energy transfer that occurs when an object is moved over a distance by an external force at least part of which is applied in the direction of the displacement.
Work formula work = force x displacement
Work units Joule & Newtron
Machine an object or mechanical device that receives an input amount of work and transfers the energy to an output amount of work
Effort force The force used to move an object over a distance
Resistance force The force which an effort force must overcome in order to do work on an object via a simple machine
Inclined place simple machine consisting of a sloping surface, used for raising heavy bodies
Fulcrum the point on which the beam pivots
Lever movable bar that pivots on a fulcrum attached to a fixed point
Fixed pulley A pulley system in which the pulley is attached to a fixed point and the rope is attached to the object
Movable pulley A pulley system in which the pulley is attached to the object
Mechanical advantage a measure of how much a force is increased by using a tool or machine
Power the amount of energy transferred or converted per unit time
Power formula Power = work / elapsed time.
Units for power Watts & Joules
Efficiency the percentage ratio of the output energy to the input energ
Efficiency formula efficiency = output / input
Acceleration formula a = Δv/Δt
Created by: carla03
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