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Force of motion

QuestionAnswer
position is a place where someone or something is located or has been put
motion change with time of the position or orientation of a body
rate means rate of change delta
linear motion Moving in a straight line
displacement whose length is the shortest distance from the initial to the final position
scalar quantity is that are unaffected by changes to a vector space basis
vector quantity a quantity that has both magnitude and direction
velocity vs. speed Speed is the time rate at which an object is moving along a path, while velocity is the rate and direction of an object's movement
speed formula r=d/Δt
units for speed m/s = meter per second
instantaneous rate An instantaneous rate is a rate at some instant in time
average rate the ratio of the change in the concentration of the reactants or the products of a chemical reaction to the time interval.
velocity formula r = d / t. r is the rate or speed (sometimes denoted as v for velocity) d is the distance moved. t is the time it takes to complete the movement
units for velocity m/s
uniform motion If an object is travelling with uniform motion, it is moving in a straight line at a constant speed.
delta rate of change Δ
convenient scale An absolute temperature scale is one whose zero point is absolute zero. Such scales are convenient in science because several physical quantities
acceleration rate at which velocity changes with time
deceleration the rate with which the body slows down
acceleration formula Δt
units for acceleration velocity units divided by time units
force a push or pull upon an object resulting from the object's interaction with another object
Newton's first law of motion if a body is at rest or moving at a constant speed in a straight line, it will remain at rest
law of inertia if a body is at rest or moving at a constant speed in a straight line, it will remain at rest or keep moving in a straight line at constant speed unless it is acted upon by a force.
inertia property of a body by virtue of which it opposes any agency that attempts to put it in motion
frictional forces force that resists the sliding or rolling of one solid object over another
static friction the frictional force resists force that is applied to an object, and the object remains at rest until the force of static friction is overcome
kinetic friction a force that acts between moving surfaces
rolling friction when a wheel, ball, or cylinder rolls freely over a surface
Newton's second law of motion the changes that a force can produce on the motion of a body
force formula force is equal to mass (m) multiplied by acceleration (a)
force units newton N
Newton's third law of motion when two bodies interact, they apply forces to one another that are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction
normal force When solid objects deform they typically try to restore themselves and "spring back" to their natural shape
free body diagram In physics and engineering, a free body diagram (FBD; also called a force diagram) is a graphical illustration used to visualize the applied forces, moments,
quantum mechanics niels bohr, max planck, albert einstein
relativistic mechanics concerned with the motion of bodies whose relative velocities approach the speed of light c
energy formula E=1/2 mv^2
energy units J m
the four fundamental forces gravitational, electromagnetic, strong, and weak
What does the universal law of gravity state? any particle of matter in the universe attracts any other with a force varying directly as the product of the masses and inversely as the square of the distance between them
force of gravity formula F is the force
gravity units meter feet
inverse square law a given physical quantity (such as illumination) varies with the distance from the source inversely as the square of the distance.
weight is the product of mass multiplied by acceleration acting on that mass. Usually, it's an object's mass multiplied
free-fall acceleration a rate of 9.8 m/s/s
weight formula kg⋅m⋅s−2
weight units an object's mass multiplied by the acceleration due to gravity
electromagnetic force The fundamental force associated with electric and magnetic fields
nucleons a proton or neutron especially in the atomic nucleus
nuclear force the forces that act between two or more nucleons.
strong nuclear force The strong nuclear force is sometimes referred to as just the strong force or the strong interaction.
weak nuclear force weak interaction, also called weak force or weak nuclear force, a fundamental force of nature that underlies some forms of radioactivity,
work measure of energy transfer that occurs when an object is moved over a distance by an external force at least part of which is applied in the direction of the displacement.
work formula W = fd
work units J E
machine In the most general sense, a machine is any device that can be used to perform a task. In the mechanical sense, a machine is a device for transmitting work from one location to another.
effort force The force used to move an object over a distance.
resistance force a force, or the vector sum of numerous forces,
inclined plane simple machine consisting of a sloping surface, used for raising heavy bodies
fulcrum a pivot point around which a lever turns,
lever A lever is a simple machine made of a rigid beam and a fulcrum.
fixed pulley a simple machine that uses a wheel with a groove in it and a rope that fits into the groove.
movable pulley a pulley that is free to move up and down, and is attached to a ceiling or other object by two lengths of the same rope
mechanical advantage force-amplifying effectiveness of a simple machine
power time rate of doing work or delivering energy
power formula P=W/t
units for power watt
efficiency a comparison of the energy output to the energy input in a given system
efficiency formula r=P/C
Created by: MDW
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