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Force & Motion Vocab

TermDefinition
Position An objects location in space.
Motion The change in an object's position during a specific amount of time.
Rate Rate of change. How a certain object changes compared to another.
Linear Motion Where objects move across lines.
Displacement The distance an object moves in a specific direction.
Scalar Quantity A quantity that has magnitude but no particular direction
Vector Quantity A quantity that has magnitude and acts in a particular direction
Velocity vs. Speed Velocity is the speed plus the direction along the path. Speed is when motion is described.
Speed Formula Speed= distance/time
units for speed meters per second
instantaneous rate Information about exact points in time.
average rate a single rate applying to property at more than one location
velocity formula Velocity= final position- initial position/ final time- initial time
units for velocity meters per second
uniform motion Motion that has a constant rate.
delta Represented by a triangle; means "change in"
convenient scale a set of numbers that are convenient for use by humans
acceleration The change in velocity over time.
deceleration The negative change in velocity over time.
acceleration formula acceleration= final velocity- initial velocity/ final time- initial time
units for acceleration meters per second squared
force A push or pull on matter.
Newton's first law of motion An object at rest will stay at rest and an object in motion will stay in motion, unless acted upon by an unbalanced force.
law of inertia An object at rest will stay at rest and an object in motion will stay in motion, unless acted upon by an unbalanced force.
inertia The tendency of an object to stay in motion or at rest
frictional forces An object acting on the object in the opposite direction of motion.
static friction The force required to overcome inertia of a stationary object.
kinetic friction The force required to keep an object moving at a constant speed.
rolling friction The force required to keep an object rolling at a constant speed.
Newton's second law of motion States the mathematical relationship between force, mass, and acceleration.
force formula Force= mass x acceleration
force units (give both) Newton (kg x meter/seconds squared)
Newton's third law of motion The law of action and reaction. For every force or action there is an equal and opposite force or reaction.
normal force The force of the desk on the book.
free body diagram Visualize the motion by drawing a diagram of all forces acting upon the object.
quantum mechanics The physics of the smallest pieces of matter
relativistic mechanics Explains the physics of motion at speeds near the speed of light.
energy formula E=mc^2
energy units (give both) m/s, Joules (J)
the four fundamental forces the strong force, the weak force, the electromagnetic force, and the gravitational force. They work over different ranges and have different strengths.
What does the universal law of gravity state? any particle of matter in the universe attracts any other with a force varying directly as the product of the masses and inversely as the square of the distance between them.
force of gravity formula force= gravitational constant x mass of object 1 x mass of object 2/ distance between centers of the masses
gravity units (give both) meters per second squares and newtons per kilogram (N/kg)
inverse square law a specified physical quantity is inversely proportional to the square of the distance from the source of that physical quantity
weight the force of gravity on the object
free-fall acceleration the acceleration of a body falling freely in a vacuum near the surface of the earth in the earth's gravitational field, acceleration due to gravity, acceleration of gravity
weight formula objects weight in Newtons = objects mass in kilograms × 9.8 m/s^2
weight units (give both) Newton and kilogram
electromagnetic force The fundamental force associated with electric and magnetic fields. A type of physical interaction that occurs between electrically charged particles
nucleons A proton or neutron.
nuclear force a strong attractive force between nucleons in the atomic nucleus that holds the nucleus together.
strong nuclear force one of the four fundamental forces in nature
weak nuclear force a fundamental force of nature that underlies some forms of radioactivity, governs the decay of unstable subatomic particles such as mesons, and initiates nuclear fusion reactions.
work When a force acts upon an object while it is moving.
work formula Work= Force x displacement
work units (give both) Joule (J) and newton/meter
machine a physical system using power to apply forces and control movement to perform an action
effort force The force used to move an object over a distance.
resistance force The force which an effort force must overcome in order to do work on an object via a simple machine
inclined plane a plane inclined at an angle to the horizontal. a flat supporting surface tilted at an angle, with one end higher than the other, used as an aid for raising or lowering a load.
fulcrum the point on which a lever rests or is supported and on which it pivots.
lever a rigid bar resting on a pivot, used to help move a heavy or firmly fixed load with one end when pressure is applied to the other.
fixed pulley A pulley system in which the pulley is attached to a fixed point and the rope is attached to the object
movable pulley A pulley system in which the pulley is attached to the object; one end of the rope is attached to a fixed point and the other end of the rope is free
mechanical advantage the ratio of the force produced by a machine to the force applied to it, used in assessing the performance of a machine.
power the amount of energy transferred or converted
power formula power= work/ delta x t
units for power Watt
efficiency a way of describing the amount of useful ​output​ a process or machine can generate as a percentage of the ​input​ required to make it go
efficiency formula r=P/C, where P is the amount of product produced per the cost of resources consumed.
Created by: emilyl927
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