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Chapt. 27 Digestive

Chapter 27 Digestive System Pharmacy Tech.

Cation: A positively charged atom.
Duodenum: The first and shortest part of the small intestine.
Enamel: The substance that protects teeth from wear and acids, found on the crown of each tooth.
Falciform ligament: The ligament separating the two lobes of the liver.
Gallbladder: A pear-shaped sac-like organ located in a depression of the surface of the liver; it functions in the storage of bile.
Haustra: Pouches found in the colon.
Hemochromatosis: Disorder caused by deposition of hemosiderin in the tissues of the body; it can cause cirrhosis of the liver, destruction of the pancreas, and heart failure.
Hepatopancreatic ampulla: The sac-like swelling between the liver and pancreas.
Ileocecal sphincter: The muscle between the ileum and cecum.
Ileum: The third part of the small intestine, measuring 12 feet or 3.7 meters in length.
Intrinsic factor: A glycoprotein produced by the parietal cells of the stomach; it is required for the body’s absorption of Vitamin B12.
Jaundice: Yellowing of the skin and white portion of the eyes. It is caused by the presence of bilirubin and bile pigments in the skin, and it is usually a sign of liver disease.
Jejunum: The second part of the small intestine, measuring 8 feet or 2.4 meters in length.
Mesocolon: An extension of the visceral peritoneum of the colon.
Pepsin: The protease that digests most proteins in the stomach, changing them to polypeptides; when it combines with hydrochloric acid, it is the primary active component of gastric juice.
Pepsinogen: The substance from the gastric glands that is converted into pepsin in the presence of acids.
Peristalsis: Successive waves of involuntary smooth muscle contractions in the gastrointestinal tract that force the contents forward.
Peritonitis: Inflammation of the peritoneum (the membrane lining parts of the abdominal cavity and visceral organs).
Pyloric sphincter: The muscle that closes the pylorus, also known as the pyloric valve.
Rugae: Anatomical folds or wrinkles, such as those in the stomach, which disappear as the stomach fills.
Toxemia: An abnormal condition associated with the presence of toxic substances in the blood.
Uvula: A conical projection hanging from the posterior border of the soft palate.
Viremia: The presence of viruses in the blood.
Parts of the stomach: Cardia: Surrounds the gastroesophageal sphincter.
Parts of the stomach: Fundus: Above and to the left of the cardia; it is a rounded area.
Parts of the stomach: Body: Below the fundus; it is the large central part of the stomach
Parts of the stomach: Pylorus: The narrow inferior area connected, via the pyloric sphincter, with the duodenum of the small intestine
Accessory glands: Salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas.
Oral cavity is also known as the: Mouth or buccal cavity.
Uvula: Prevents food from backing up into the nasopharynx while swallowing.
Chief cells releases: Peosinogen.
Parietal cells releases: Hydrochloric acid and intrinsic factor.
Mucus cells releases: Mucus.
Cecum: Joins the small intestine via the ileocecal valve.
Colon (large intestine): Longest section has pouches (haustra).
Bacteria in the colon create: Vitamin K, biotin, and and vitamin B5.
Hepatitis A: Transmitted through fecal-oral contamination.
Hepatitis B: Transmitted through plasma, serum, and needles; main blood-borne hazard for healthcare workers.
Hepatitis C: A chronic form; transmitted through blood infusions, IV drug use, (shared needles), and sexual contact.
Hepatitis D: Occurs with Hep. B infection.
Hepatitis E: An acute form; occurs from fecally contaminated food and water, dangerous in pregnant women.
Hepatitis G: Caused by RNA flavivirus; transmitted by blood.
Created by: Scarlett Emerson
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