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Antibiotic Meds
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Penicillins | Amoxicillin |
| Penicillins | Ampicillin |
| Penicillins | Methicillin |
| Penicillins | Piperacillin |
| Penicillins | Tazobactam (Zosyn) |
| Penicillins | Augmentin (amoxicillin+clavulanic) |
| Penicillins: Action | bactericidal; interferes with cell wall synthesis; weakens and destroys the cell wall |
| Penicillins: Side/Adverse Effects | -n/v/d -pseudomembranous colitis -candida infection of mouth and vagina -gastritis -superinfections -hypersensitivity reaction/allergy |
| Penicillins: Contraindications/Interactions | -do no use Augmentin in liver disease or severe renal impairment |
| Penicillins: Nursing Considerations/Interventions | -culture & sensitivity before treatment -monitor serum electrolytes and cardiac status if given IV -good mouth care -monitor GI symptoms -monitor for anaphylaxis (wheezing, difficulty breathing, swelling of tongue, hives, itching) -Admin: PO, IM, IV |
| Cephalosporins | 1st Gen: Cephalexin Cefazolin (Ancef) |
| Cephalosporins | 2nd Gen: Cefaclor Cefotetan |
| Cephalosporins | 3rd Gen: Ceftriaxone Sodium |
| Cephalosporins | 4th Gen: Cefepime Cefotetan Ceftriaxone |
| Cephalosporins: Action | bactericidal; interferes with cell wall synthesis; weakens and destroys the cell wall |
| Cephalosporins: Side/Adverse Effects | -n/v/d -pseudomembranous colitis -can cause disulfiram like reaction when taken with alcohol -thrombophlebitis (IV) -increase risk of hemorrhage with Cefotetan |
| Cephalosporins: Contraindications/Interactions | -cross sensitivity with penicillins |
| Cephalosporins: Nursing Considerations/Interventions | -monitor PTT/PT and INR -increases in bleeding (delays in clotting can require discontinuation of med) -take with food -if INR elevated give vitamin K -admin: IV |
| Carbapenems | Imipenem |
| Carbapenems | Meropenem |
| Carbapenems: Action | bactericidal; weakens and destroys cell wall |
| Carbapenems: Side/Adverse Effects | -n/v -if infusion too fast risk for thrombophlebitis -suprainfections |
| Carbapenems: Contraindications/Interactions | -avoid using together, can decrease effectiveness -risk of seizures when taking valproic acid (Depakote) -do not administer to patients with seizure disorder -<1% cross sensitivity with penicillin (use caution) |
| Carbapenems: Nursing Considerations/Interventions | -monitor I & O -monitor the IV site -keep patient hydrated -monitor for s/s of colitis (diarrhea, oral thrush and/or vaginal yeast infection) |
| Vancomycin: Action | bactericidal; weakens and destroys the cell wall |
| Vancomycin: Side/Adverse Effects | -"red man syndrome" (flushing of face and trunk) -thrombophlebitis -abscess formation -nephrotoxicity (secondary to kidney damage) -ototoxicity -extravasation |
| Vancomycin: Contraindications/Interactions | -incompatible with many drugs -reduce dosage for renal insufficiency |
| Vancomycin: Nursing Considerations/Interventions | -monitor renal function -monitor hearing -monitor peak and trough -separate IV line -administer over 90 min -mg/kg (convert weight to kg) |
| Tetracyclines | Doxycycline |
| Tetracyclines: Action | bacteriostatic; inhibits protein synthesis |
| Tetracyclines: Side/Adverse Effects | -GI symptoms -n/v/d -liver toxicity -photosensitivity -teeth discoloration of fetus and children under 8 |
| Tetracyclines: Contraindications/Interactions | -pregnant women -children under 8 -liver failure -patients undergoing ultraviolet light treatments -interact with calcium and antacids containing calcium; binds and inactivates it -decreases effectiveness of oral contraceptives |
| Tetracyclines: Nursing Considerations/Interventions | -take with non-dairy foods -protect from sunlight -monitor for superinfections |
| Macrolides | Erythromycin |
| Macrolides | Azithromycin |
| Macrolides: Action | bacteriostatic; inhibits protein synthesis |
| Macrolides: Side/Adverse Effects | -GI upset -n/v/d -confusion -ototoxicity -suprainfections -ventricular dysrhythmias (prolonged QT) |
| Macrolides: Contraindications/Interactions | -history of prolonged QT -Digoxin, Warfarin, Verapamil, and Diltiazem inhibit metabolism which can lead to toxicity and ultimately cause ventricular dysrhythmias |
| Macrolides: Nursing Considerations/Interventions | -take full course of therapy don't stop before done -take 1 hr before or 2-3 hrs after meal and with a full glass of water -Admin: PO 1/da |
| Aminoglycosides | Gentamicin |
| Aminoglycosides: Action | bactericidal; inhibits protein synthesis |
| Aminoglycosides: Side/Adverse Effects | -ototoxicity -nephrotoxicity -n/v/d -anorexia |
| Aminoglycosides: Contraindications/Interactions | -furosemide increases risk of ototoxicity -amphotericin B and NSAIDs increase risk of nephrotoxicity -penicillins and cephalosporins not compatible in same IV |
| Aminoglycosides: Nursing Considerations/Interventions | -monitor for s/s of tinnitus, headache and vertigo -monitor peak and trough -check hearing -check renal function (BUN and creatinine) -encourage fluids -small, frequent meals |
| Fluoroquinolones | Ciprofloxacin |
| Fluoroquinolones: Action | bactericidal; inhibits DNA replication or cell division |
| Fluoroquinolones: Side/Adverse Effects | -headache -n/v/d -confusion in older adults -Achilles heel tendon rupture -photosensitivity |
| Fluoroquinolones: Contraindications/Interactions | -administer antacids with calcium 2 hours after taking |
| Fluoroquinolones: Nursing Considerations/Interventions | -culture and sensitivity before starting -take with full glass of water -take full course of therapy -can lead to hypoglycemia |
| Sulfonamides | Bactrim (trimethoprim + sulfamethoxazole) |
| Sulfonamides: Side/Adverse Effects | -n/v -thrombocytopenia (low platelet count) -leukopenia (low WBC count) -anemia -Steven Johnson syndrome (tissue sloughing occurs) -peripheral neuropathy -crystalluria |
| Sulfonamides: Contraindications/Interactions | - folic acid deficiency (can cause megaloblastic anemia) -ACE inhibitor use -hyperkalemia -can increase anticoagulant effects of Warfarin -do not use alcohol |
| Metronidazole: Action | antiprotozoal; stops the growth of certain types of bacteria and parasites |
| Metronidazole: Side/Adverse Effects | -n/v -dry mouth -metallic taste -dark urine -CNS effects -numbness of extremities -ataxia -seizures -pseudomembranous colitis |
| Metronidazole: Contraindications/Interactions | -pregnancy (category B) -active CNS disorders -use cautiously in patients with history of blood dyscrasia |
| Metronidazole: Nursing Considerations/Interventions | -monitor patients for edema (especially patients receiving corticosteroids) -monitor INR and Lithium levels |
| Chloroquine: Action | antimalarial; may bind to and alter the properties of DNA in susceptible parasites |
| Chloroquine: Side/Adverse Effects | -blurred vision -photophobia -GI upset |
| Chloroquine: Contraindications/Interactions | -aluminum salts and antacids may decrease GI absorption -alcoholism |
| Amphhotericin B: Side/Adverse Effects | -nephrotoxic -hypokalemia (secondary to renal damage) -tachycardia -hypotension -bone marrow suppression |
| Amphhotericin B: Contraindications/Interactions | -pregnancy (category B) |
| Amphhotericin B: Nursing Considerations/Interventions | -monitor potassium -obtain baseline CBC |
| Ketoconazole: Side/Adverse Effects | -anorexia -n/v -dark urine -clay colored stools -reduced libido -temporary decrease in sexual hormone synthesis resulting in gynecomastia -hepatotoxicity |
| Ketoconazole: Contraindications/Interactions | -pregnancy (category C) -many drug interactions |
| Ketoconazole: Nursing Considerations/Interventions | -obtain baseline liver function studies |
| Oseltamivir | Tamiflu |
| Oseltamivir: Action | inhibits influenza A and B virus enzyme; appears to interfere with viral replication |
| Oseltamivir: Contraindications/Interactions | -don't administer live or attenuated flu vaccine within 2 weeks before or 48 hours after |
| Zanamivir: Action | treatment of uncomplicated influenza |
| Zanamivir: Side/Adverse Effects | -cough or throat irritation -bronchospasm -respiratory decline |
| Zanamivir: Nursing Considerations/Interventions | -start with 48 hours of onset of symptoms -monitor patient for bronchospasms -admin: oral inhalation |
| Ribavirin: Indications | -RSV |
| Ribavirin: Contraindications/Interactions | -pregnancy (category X) -children who need respiratory assitance |
| Ribavirin: Nursing Considerations/Interventions | -use two reliable forms of contraception during and for 6 months after treatment -admin: PO and aerosol |
| Palivizumab: Indications | -RSV in premature infants |
| Palivizumab: Side/Adverse Effects | -devoid of significant adverse effects |
| Acyclovir: Indications | Suppress HV1, HSV 2 and Varicella zoster viruses |
| Acyclovir: Side/Adverse Effects | -nausea -headache -risk of renal injury is increased by dehydration -neurologic toxicity -agitation -tremors -delirium -hallucinations |
| Acyclovir: Nursing Considerations | -ensure adequate hydration during infusion and 2 hours after to minimize nephrotoxicity -infuse slowly to minimize kidney damage |
| Iron Preparations | Ferrous Sulfate |
| Iron Preparations | Iron Dextran |
| Iron Preparations | Ferumoxytol |
| Iron Preparations | Iron sucrose |
| Iron Preparations | Sodium ferric gluconate complex (SPGC) |
| Iron Preparations: Side/Adverse Effects | -GI distress (nausea, constipation, heartburn) -teeth staining (liquid form) -staining of skin and other tissues (IM injection) -anaphylaxis risk with parenteral admin of Iron Dextran -hypotension -harmless dark green/black colored stool |
| Iron Preparations: Contraindications/Interactions | -previous hypersensitivity to iron -concurrent admin of antacids or tetracyclines reduce absorption of iron -caffeine and dairy can interfere with absorption -administer with food if GI distress occurs |
| Iron Preparations: Nursing Considerations/Interventions | -dilute liquid iron with water or juice (drink with straw) -vitamin C increases absorption -monitor bowel pattern -monitor vitals when receiving parenteral iron -educate to increase water and fiber intake -therapy can be 1-2 months -IV route safer |
Created by:
NikkiLeigh83
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