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Psych Exam 1, Part 2
Module 2: Research Methods and Statistical Thinking
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Descriptice | Information is collected without changing the environment in any way |
| Correlational | Statistical measurement of the relationship between two different variables |
| Experimental | Applying experimental methods to a psych study |
| Case Study | An in-depth study of one person |
| Naturalistic Observation | Observing subjects in their natural habitat |
| Survey | Data collection tool to gather information about a subject or subjects |
| Archival | Collecting data from resources that already exist |
| Longitudal | Looking at variables for an extended amount of time |
| Cross-Section | Looking at a lot of data/variables from one population at one time |
| The Belmont Report | Federal regulations for the protection of human research participants |
| Respect for Persons | Recognition of someone as an autonomous and free person |
| p-value | The probability that the results happened by random chance |
| Independent Variable | The variable that is changed (manipulated) |
| Dependent variable | The variable that tells the results (responding) |
| Cause and Effect | When one thing is a reason for another |
| Cofounding Variable | A variable that explains two random things correlated. Example: The sun is the cofounding variable between the correlation that melting ice cream leads to sunburns |
| Directionality | A problem with two variables, when cause and effect are not known |
| Random Assignment | When a person is assigned to a study group in no certain pattern or with no reasoning |
| Generalizability | How useful the results from a sample are for the general population |
| Simple Random Sample | When participants are chosen in groups using a fair choice such as a coin toss |
| Beneficence | Protecting the welfare and rights of participants |
| Justice | The fair resolution when it comes to conflicts |
| Quantitative | Numerical or measurable data |
| Categorical | Characteristic used to classify units |
| Reliability | How repeatable the test is - if you get the same results each time |
| Validity | How accurate and true the test is |
| Population | Individuals in a geographical area |
| Sample | A smaller group taken from a population |
| Mean | The average value |
| Standard Deviation | The measure of variability in a set of data |
| Correlation Coefficient | A number used to estimate the level of relationship between two variables, -1 is negative correlation, 0 is no correlation, 1 is positive correlation |
| Convenience Sample | Taking a sample from who is available, not very reliable and can have bias |
| Representative Sample | Parallels the population as a whole, but is a smaller sample |
| Spurious/Illusory Correlation | Belief of a cause and effect that isn't actually true |
| Control Group | A group that doesn't receive the experimental treatment (hasn't been impacted by an independent variable in order to compare to the dependent variable) |
| Experimental Group | A group that receives the experimental treatment (the independent variable or the impact of it in order to measure the significance of it) |
| Random Selection | People chosen in a study by chance |
| Experimenter Bias | Errors in the research process or wrong interpretations of the results because of a researcher's beliefs or behaviors |
| Placebo Effect | When behavior is changed because of a belief |
| Experimental Blinding | When participants or researchers don't know who is the control group and who is the experimental group in order to prevent placebo and bias |
Created by:
scheeri
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