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Musculoskeletal Sys
The Musculoskeletal System
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Osteomyelitis | a bacterial infection inside the bone that destroys bone tissue. Often, the original site of infection was in another part of the body, and the infection spread to the bone via the blood. |
| Osteoporosis | bone brittleness due to lack of calcium. Osteoporosis is prevalent in postmenopausal women because of a deficiency of estrogen, which helps keep calcium in the bone and blood. |
| Paget’s disease | changes the normal process of bone growth. It causes bone to breakdown more quickly, and to grow back softer than normal bone. |
| Bursitis | inflammation of the small, fluid-filled pouches between bones, and ligaments or muscles, that serve as cushions. |
| Tendonitis | inflammation of the cords of connective tissue that attach muscle to bone |
| Myalgia | muscle pain |
| Anemia | failure of the bone marrow to produce the components of the red blood cells. The most common cause is lack of iron. Lack of red blood cells leads to a systemic decrease in oxygen, which causes fatigue |
| Leukemia | a blood-borne cancer, begins when the DNA of white blood cells becomes damaged or mutated, results are then copied and passed onto subsequent generations of cells, these cancerous cells don't die, but multiply |
| Arthritis | inflammation of a joint - rheumatoid arthritis: auto immune disorder - osteoarthritis: physical degeneration of the connective tissue in joints - gout: caused by crystals of uric acid in the blood |
| ASA (acetylsalicylic acid) | Relieves inflammation by inhibiting the synthesis of prostaglandin. Along with their anti-inflammatory properties, salicylates are also used as analgesics and antipyretics. |
| NSAIDs (nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) | Inhibit or block the enzyme that starts the reaction of inflammation by making prostaglandin. |
| COX-2 inhibitors | Block only the cyclooxygenase II that makes PGE-2, but not C-1 (PGE-1). Inflammation process is inhibited, but not the viscosity of the gastric mucosal lining. |
| Antigout agents | • Hypouricemic agents decrease production of uric acid in the blood. • Uricosuric agents increase the excretion of uric acid through urination. |
| Calcitonin | Indicated for fragile or soft bones. Inhibits bone resorption and decreases the number of bone fractures from low bone density, increasing bone growth. |
| Bisphosphonates | Indicated for osteoporosis. Mimic the natural organic bisphosphonate salts found in the body, inhibiting bone resorption and osteoclast activity and restoring bone mass and density. |
| SERMs (selective estrogen receptor modulators) | Indicated for postmenopausal women; have a protective effect on the bones and heart. Contraindications include a history of breast cancer, liver problems, or blood clots. |
| Skeletal muscle relaxants | Used to relax specific muscles in the body and relieve pain, stiffness, and discomfort. Block muscle contraction at the neuromuscular junction. |
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