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NURS 331
Chapter 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is a drug? | Any chemical that can affect living processes. |
| What is Pharmacology? | The study of drugs and their interactions with living systems. It's includes knowledge of the history, sources, and uses of drugs as well as knowledge of drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion. |
| What is Clinical Pharmacology? | The study of drugs in humans. It's includes the study of drugs in pts as well as in healthy volunteers.(during new development) |
| what is Therapeutics? Also known as Pharmacotherapeutics. | Is the use of drugs to diagnose, prevent, or treat disease or to prevent pregnancy. |
| What are the 3 most important properties of an ideal drug? | There are no Ideal Drug! However, there are 3 properties: -Effectiveness -Safety & -Selectivity |
| Effectiveness(efficacy) | An effective drug is one that elicits the responses for which it is given. That's if it doesn't do what it is intended to do--there is no justification for giving it. |
| Safety drug | No drug is 100% safe, they have side effect. Opioid analgesics(e.g., morphine, meperidine), are high therapeutic doses, can cause life-threatening gastric ulceration, perforation, and bleeding. |
| Selectivity drug | is defined as one that elicits only the response for which it is given. All drug have risk and benefit. Both must be weight. |
| What are additional properties of an ideal drug? | ● Reversable action: able to reverse. e.g., contraception ● Predictability ● Ease of administration ● Freedom from drug interactions ● Low cost ● Chemical stability ● Simple Generic name |
| what is reversable action? | Able to reverse. e.g., contraception(birth control pill) e.g., general Anastasia drug to reversible |
| What is Predictability? | Knowing what the drug is use for(out come) |
| What is Ease of administration? | Oral pill(easy to take) |
| What is Freedom from drug interactions? | not intact with other med. |
| What is Low cost? | Cheap! An ideal drug would be easy to afford. |
| what is Chemical stability? | Expiration date, storage. |
| What is Simple Generic name? | Easy to remember. e.g., Acetaminophen(Tylenol), Ciprofloxacin(Cipro), and Simvastatin(Zocor). |
| What is the therapeutic Objective of Drug Therapy(medication)? | ● To provide maximum benefit with minimum harm or risk. Is there anything that could be done instead of imputation in extravasation? Yes! |
| PRN | pro re nata (for the present matter : under present circumstances : as needed) |
| AdLip | more activity level(only activity level) as desire. |
| What are thing to consider with therapeutic effect? | only objective effect.(look at pt, exam pt). look at the objective data only. Pain=whatever the patient said it is. |
| Indication? | reason why this medication is ordered.(why order?) |
| Biological effect | What happen to the body when the patient take that meds? |
| What is Adverse Effect? | something that can effect the body.(what we don't expect) |
| What is Side effect? | what we expect to see! |
| what is Adherence(is the same as compliance. ) | patients reliable to take the med. |
| What are the Factors That Determine the Intensity of Drug Responses? | ● Administration ● Pharmacokinetics ● Pharmacodynamics and ● Sources of individual variation |
| What is Administration? | ● Dosage size, route, and timing: drug are not always taken or administered as prescribed. ● Medication errors ● Patient adherence |
| What is Pharmacokinetics? | Determining how much of the administered dose gets to its sites of action ● Impact of the body on drugs |
| What are the Four major pharmacokinetic processes? | ○ Drug absorption ○ Drug distribution ○ Drug metabolism ○ Drug excretion |
| What is Pharmacodynamics? | The Impact of drugs on the body ● Drug-receptor interaction ○ Binding of the drug to its receptor ● Patient’s functional state ○ Influences pharmacodynamic processes ● Placebo effects o Help to determine the response a drug elicits. |
| What are the Sources of Individual Variation? | ● Physiologic variables ○ Age, gender, and weight ● Pathologic variables ○ Diminished function of kidneys and liver ● Genetic variables ○ Can alter the metabolism of drugs and predispose the patient to unique interactions ● Drug interaction |
| The term contraindication refers to | a preexisting condition the prevents use of a particular drug under all circumstances |
| The generic name of the drug is | The assigned name from the US adopted names council |
Created by:
jonesbb
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