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Vet Pharmacology
Pharmacology Lesson 2
| Mixed | Answer |
|---|---|
| a chemical substance released by a nerve ending at the synapse. It acts on the adjacent neuron to stimulate, inhibit, or change its activity | neurotransmitter |
| Most CNS drugs act by ______________ or _______________ the effects of neurotransmitters. | mimicking or blocking |
| What are the primary neurotransmitters for adrenergic receptors? | epinephrine and norepinephrine |
| List 4 primary ways in which drugs affect the ANS | Mimicking neurotransmitters Interfering with neurotransmitter release Blocking the attachment of neurotransmitters to receptors interfering with the breakdown of neurotransmitters |
| Atropine, scopolamine, glycopyrrolate and amino-pentamide are examples from which drug class? | Anticholinergic |
| Propranolol is an example of what category of drug | Beta blocker |
| List adverse effects of xylazine, and what drug can be used to antagonize the effects? | bradycardia, hypotension, respiratory depression. Is antagonized by yohimbine |
| Why would you be concerned about using thiobarbituate to induce anesthesia in a very thin animal? | Thiobarbiturates are very soluble in fat which acts like a sponge to take the drug out of blood and away from CNS. Thin animals have low fat levels, which means more of the drug remains in the bloodstream and can cause depressed CNS. |
| What are some characteristics of a cat anesthetized by ketamine | Analgesia, increased muscle tone, maintenance of pharyngeal/laryngeal reflexes, muscle tremors and loss of blink reflex. |
| List some signs of a narcotic overdose | Respiratory depression, cardiac depression, agitation, excitement or seizures |
| List two narcotic antagonists | Naloxone and Nalorphine |
| Why should glyceryl guaiacolate not be mixed until just before use? | Because of its tendency to precipitat out of solution when stored. |
| Why are euthanasia solutions that contain only pentobarbital classified as class II controlled substance, whereas those that contain pentobarbital and oth3er substances are classified as Class III controlled substances? | Some pentobarbital euthanasia agents have a red dye added to distinguish them from pentobarbital agents that may be used for anesthesia. Because these agents are easily identified as euthanasia agents, they have less potential for abuse. |
| All psychotherapy drugs are thought to produce their effects by altering _______________ activity of the brain. | Neurotransmitter |
| Dissociative agents, such as ketamine and tiletamine, may cause __________________ at the injection site. | Burning |
| A hypnotic (anesthetic) known for its very short duration and its white color | Propofol |
| A benzodiazepine that is used as an antianxiety medication and appetite stimulant in cats is | Diazepam |
| An example of tricyclic antidepressant used to treat separation anxiety in dogs | Clomicalm |
| Used to treat old dog dementia | Anipryl |
| Somatic nervous system | under voluntary control |
| The neurotransmitter for cholinergic sites is__________ | acetylcholine |
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