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forearm and hand
trail guide forearm and hand chapter
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| the palpable edge of which bone runs the length of the forearm? | ulna |
| 2. which two movements occur when the radius pivots back and forth around the ulna? | pronation, supination |
| 3. the elbow is composed of two joints, the ____ and ____ | humeroulnar, humeroradial |
| 4. the eight carpals are located just distal to which topographical landmark? | flexor crease |
| 5. the olecranon process serves as an attachment site for which muscle? | triceps brachii |
| 6. which bony landmark serves as an attachment site for the tendons of the wrist and finger extensors? | lateral epicondyle |
| 7. which superficial, bony knob is visible along the posterior, medial side of the wrist? | head of the ulna |
| 8. the head of the radius is stabilized by which ligament | annular |
| 9. which bony landmark of the radius serves as the attachment site for brachioradialis? | styloid process |
| 10. lister's tubercle is directly across- prehaps an inch away- from which bony landmark? | head of the ulna |
| 11. the styloid processes of the radius and ulna serve as important jumping-off points for locating which group of bones? | carpals |
| 1. what are the four surface sides of the carpals that can be palpated? | palmar, dorsal, radial, ulnar |
| 2. the carpals are located distal to which topographical feature of the palmar side? | flexor crease of the wrist |
| 3. which carpal can be felt on the ulnar/ palmar side of the hand, just distal to the flexor crease? | pisiform |
| 4. the pisiform acts as an attachment site for which muscle? | flexor carpi ulnaris |
| 5. which carpal can best be palpated by asking your partner to abduct and adduct her wrist as you palpate just distal to the styloid process of the ulna? | triquetrum |
| 6. a hook-shaped protuberance is the distinct landmark used to isolate which carpal? | hamate |
| 7. which brand of connective tissue forms the "roof" of the carpal tunnel? | flexor retinaculum |
| 8. which two structures pass through the tunnel of guyon? | ulnar artery, ulnar nerve |
| 9. which four carpals serve as attachment sites for the flexor retinaculum? | pisiform (hook of the) hamate, scaphoid (tubercle), trapezium (tubercle) |
| 10. which carpal forms the floor of the "anatomical snuffbox"? | scaphoid |
| 11. which bone articulates with the first metacarpal and is the source of the thumb's unique movements? | trapezium |
| 12. which carpal can be located just distal to the styloid process of the radius and felt upon adduction of the wrist? | scaphoid |
| 13. which two carpals are located between lister's tubercle and the base of the third metacarpal and are best palpated from the dorsal surface? | lunate, capitate |
| 14. anatomically speaking the proper name for a "knuckle" joint is the? | metacarpophalangeal |
| 1. which muscle is a strong elbow flexor located deep to the biceps brachii? | brachialis |
| 2. the brachioradialis creates a helpful dividing line between which two muscle groups? | flexors, extensors |
| 3. which muscles runs the length of the forearm but does not cross the wrist joint? | brachioradialis |
| 4. the pronator quadratus is deep to the ____ tendons and is accessible only on the quadratus's ___ portion | flexor, lateral |
| 5. the ____ muscle is an antagonist to both the biceps brachii and supinator | pronator teres |
| 6. palpating medial to the distal tendon of which muscle can help you locate the pronator teres? | biceps brachii |
| 7. to access the supinator, you must palpate deep to which muscle group? | extensors |
| 8. passive pronation of the forearm would ___ the supinator | lengthen |
| 9. passive flexion of the elbow would ___ the brachioradialis | shorten |
| 10. passive extensions of the elbow would __ the brachialis | lengthen |
| 11. passive pronation of the forearm would ____ the pronator teres | shorten |
| brachialis origin is? | distal half of anterior surface of humerus |
| brachialis insertion is? | tuberosity and coronoid process of ulna |
| brachioradialis origin is? | proximal two-thirds of the lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus |
| brachioradialis insertion is? | styloid process of radius |
| pronator quadratus origin is? | medial, anterior surface of distal ulna |
| pronator quadratus insertion is? | lateral, anterior surface of distal radius |
| pronator teres origin is? | common flexor tendon from medical epicondyle of humerus and coronoid process of the ulna |
| pronator teres insertion is? | middle of lateral surface of the radius |
| supinator origin is? | lateral epicondyle of humerus, radial collateral ligament, annular ligament, and supinator crest of the ulna |
| supinator insertion is? | anterior, lateral surface of proximal one-third of radial shaft |
| 1. with the forearm in anatomical position, the _____ group is located on the posterior/ lateral side of the forearm, while the ___ group is located on the anterior/ medial side. | extensor, flexor |
| 2. the brachioradialis and the _____ clearly divide the forearm flexors from the extensors. | shaft of the ulna |
| 3. looking at its name, what information can you gather about this muscle-flexor carpi radialis? | its a flexor, extensor carpi radialis, extends the carpals (crosses the wrist joints), muscle that flexes the digits, radial side of forearm, must be a flexor carpi ulnaris |
| 4. which extensor muscle can be palpated alongside the shaft of the ulna? | extensor carpi ulnaris |
| 5. the extensor digitorum creates movement at which fingers? | second through 5th |
| 6. when palpating the forearm, the muscle bellies of the ____ group will feel smaller and more sinewy than the ____ group. | extensor, flexor |
| 7. which forearm muscles compose the "wad of three"? | brachioradialis, extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis |
| 8. which action can you ask your partner to perform at the wrist to distinguish the brachioradialis from the extensor carpi radialis | abduct |
| 9. what are three superficial muscles in the flexor group? | flexor carpi radialis, palmaris longus, and flexor carpi ulnaris |
| 10. flexor digitorum superficialis and flexor digitorum profundus each have ___ thin tendons which pass though which anatomical structure? _____ | four, carpal tunnel |
| 11. pinching the fingers together highlights the tendon of which muscle at the wrist? | palmaris longus |
| 12. what muscle runs between the pisiform and the medial epicondyle? | flexor carpi ulnaris |
| 13. although the flexor digitorum superficialis and profundus are deep to the other forearm flexors, they can be accessed along the medial side of which bony landmark? | ulnar shaft |
| extensor carpi radialis brevis origin? | common extensor tendon from the lateral epicondyle of humerus (3) |
| extensor carpi radialis brevis insertion? | base of third metacarpal |
| extensor carpi radialis longus origin? | distal one-third of the lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus |
| extensor carpi radialis longus insertion? | base of second and third metacarpals |
| extensor carpi ulnaris origin is? | common extensor tendon from the lateral epicondyle of humerus (3) |
| extensor carpi ulnaris insertion is? | base of fifth metacarpal |
| extensor digitorum origin is? | common extensor tendon from the lateral epicondyle of humerus (3) |
| extensor digitorum insertion is? | bases of middle and distal phalanges of second through fifth fingers |
| flexor carpi radialis origin is? | common flexor tendon from medial epicondyle of humerus (2) |
| flexor carpi radialis insertion is? | base of second and third metacarpals |
| flexor carpi ulnaris origin is? | common flexor tendon from medial epicondyle of humerus and posterior surface of proximal two-thirds of ulna |
| flexor carpi ulnaris insertion is? | pisiform, hook of the hamate, and base of fifth metacarpal |
| flexor digitorum profundus origin? | anterior and medial surfaces of proximal three-quarters of ulna |
| flexor digitorum profundus insertion is? | bases of distal phalanges, palmar surface of second through fifth fingers |
| flexor digitorum superficialis origin? | common flexor tendon from medial epicondyle of humerus, ulnar collateral ligament, coronoid process of ulna, interosseous membrane, and proximal two-thirds of ulna |
| flexor digitorum superficialis insertion is? | sides of middle phalanges of second through fifth fingers |
| palmaris longus origin is? | common flexor tendon from medial epicondyle of humerus (2) |
| palmaris longus insertion is? | flexor retinaculum and palmar aponeurosis |
| 16. passive abduction of the wrist would ___ the extensor carpi radialis longus? | shorten |
| 17. passive flexion of fingers 2-5 would __ the extensor digitorum | lengthen |
| 18. passive flexion of the wrist would ___ the palmaris longus | shorten |
| 19. passive adduction of the wrist would ___ the flexor carpi radialis | lengthen |
| 20. passive extension of fingers 2-5 would ___ the flexor digitorum profundus | lengthen |
| 1. the ___ eminence is located at the thumb's base, while the ___ eminence is located along the ulnar side of the palm | thenar, hypothenar |
| 2. how many muscles act upon the thumb? how many of these are located at the thenar eminence | eight, four |
| 3. which muscle is responsible for creating opposition of the thumb? | opponens pollicis |
| 4. the distal tendons of which three muscles form the "anatomical snuffbox"? | abductor pollicis, extensor pollicis longus and brevis |
| 5. the palmar interossei are difficult to access because they are deep to the ____ muscles and situated between the ___ bones. | lumbrical, metacarpal |
| 6. the lumbricals sprout from the sides of the tendons of which muscle? | flexor digitorum profundus |
| 7. which muscle is located between the pisiform and the base of the fifth finger? | abductor digiti minimi |
| abductor pollicis longus origin? | posterior surface of radius and ulna, and interosseous membrane |
| abductor pollicis longus insertion? | base of first metacarpal |
| adductor pollicis origin? | capitate second and third metacarpals |
| adductor pollicis insertion? | base of proximal phalanx of thumb |
| extensor pollicis longus origin? | posterior surface of ulna and interosseous |
| extensor pollicis longus insertion? | base of distal phalanx of thumb (2) |
| flexor pollicis longus origin? | anterior surface of radius and interosseous |
| flexor pollicis longus insertion? | base of distal phalanx of thumb (2) |
| opponens pollicis origin? | flexor retinaculum and tubercle of the trapezium |
| opponens pollicis insertion? | entire length of first metacarpal bone, radial surface |
| 1. which two structures reinforce the elbow joint by spanning from their respective epicondyles to the bones of the forearm? | radial and ulnar collateral ligaments |
| 2. during pronation and supination, which ligament stabilizes the proximal end of the radius against the ulna | annular ligament |
| 3. between which two bony landmarks is the ulnar nerve particularly accessible and superficial | medial epicondyle and olecranon process |
| 4. which structure pads the space between the olecranon process and the skin of elbow? | olecranon bursa |
| 5. the carpal tunnel is a passageway for many ___ and the ___ nerve | flexor tendons, median |
| 6. the transverse fibers of the ___ and carpal bones from the carpal tunnel? | flexor retinaculum |
| 7. which span of connective tissue is a continuation of the antebrachial fascia into the palm of the hand? | palmar aponeurosis |
| 8. which artery is often used for taking a pulse at the wrist?? | radial |
| the ___ is the bone of the arm, its proximal end articulates with the scapula to form the glenohumeral joint. | humerus |
| the ___ and the ___ make up the bones of the forearm. | radius and ulna |
| the __ which is on the pinky side | ulna |
| the ___ is on the thumb side and is buried in muscle | radius |
| the three bones groups of the wrist and hand are ___, ___, ____ | carpals, metcarpals, phalanges |
| the ___ are eight pebble sized bones that form two rows (proximal and distal) each containing four carpal bones. | carpal |
| the ___ are five long bones spanning in the palm of the hand, | metacarpals |
| the ___ are the bones of the fingers | phalanges |
| the ____ or elbow is located on the proximal end of the ulna and articulates with the distal humerus | olecranon process |
| the __ is the most frequently dislocated carpal. | lunate |
| the ___ is the largest of the carpals and is located distal to the lunate. | capitate |
| the ___ nerve passes between the medial epicondyle and olecranon process as it extends down the forearm. | ulnar |
| the ___ thin but strong fibrous sheet binds together the forearm bones and serves as an attachment site for several muslces. | interosseous membrane |
| the ____ is located on the palmar surface of the wrist just distal to the flexor crease. | flexor retinaculumn |
| the thicl ___ is a continuation of the antebrachial fascia that stretches superficially across the hand is an attachment site for the palmaris longus tendon | palmar aponeurosis |
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